Ultrasonic Examination Method Research Articles

Application Value of Emergency Bedside Echocardiography in Early Warning of Acute and Severe Shock and Clinical Classification.

Objective A case-control study was conducted to explore the application value of emergency bedside echocardiography in early warning of acute and severe shock and clinical classification. Methods A total of 135 critically ill patients admitted to ICU from August 2019 to November 2020 were divided into shock group (n = 53) and nonshock group (n = 82) according to the occurrence of shock. The internal diameter index of inferior vena cava was measured and recorded by bedside ultrasound in patients with shock before and after treatment and in patients without shock. Shock index and inferior vena cava diameter deformation index (SCI) were calculated according to the results. The diagnostic time and curative effect of different ultrasonic examination methods for the types of shock were compared and analyzed. Results At admission, the maximum and minimum ventilation of inferior vena cava in patients without shock were higher than those in the shock group, and the internal diameter deformation index of inferior vena cava in the shock group was higher than that in the shock group (P < 0.05). In the shock group, IVCmax and IVCmin before and after treatment were higher than those before resuscitation, while SCI was lower than that before resuscitation. The results of ROC curve analysis showed that SCI and IVCmin were significantly better than IVCmax and IVCmin in predicting shock area and slightly better than IVCmin. There was significant difference in diagnosis time between the two groups (P < 0.05). The specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of emergency ultrasound diagnosis were lower than those of clinical diagnosis (P < 0.05). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of emergency ultrasound diagnosis were lower than those of clinical diagnosis (P < 0.05). The sensitivity and positive predictive value of the emergency ultrasound group were higher than those of the routine ultrasound group (P < 0.05). The diagnosis rate of shock type AUC in the emergency ultrasound group was 0.854, and the diagnostic value was high. Conclusion IVCmax, IVCmin, and SCI obtained by bedside ultrasound have certain clinical significance for the diagnosis and treatment of shock. Emergency bedside ultrasound examination and measurement of shock patients are helpful to quickly evaluate and identify the types of early shock.

Investigation of the Effect of Ultrasonic Inspection Probe Diameters on Impact Echo Value

Bu çalışmanın amacı ultrasonik muayene yönteminde kullanılan probların kristal çapları ve frekans değerlerinin darbe yankı değeri ile ilişkisinin araştırılmasıdır. Ultrasonik muayene yöntemi tahribatsız muayene yöntemlerinden bir tanesi olarak bilinmektedir. Bu yöntem sayesinde muayenesi yapılacak malzemeye zarar vermeden malzeme içerisinde bulunan süreksizler tespit edilebilmektedir. Piezoelektrik malzemelerin ürettiği ses dalgalarının malzeme yüzeyine gönderilmesi ve tersinir olarak gelen ses dalgalarının okunması prensibi ile çalışmaktadır. İnsan kulağının duyamayacağı aralıklarda ses frekansları kullanılır, bu frekans değerleri malzemenin yapısına ve muayene edilecek ortama göre değişkenlik gösterirken genel olarak 1MHz ile 4MHz arasında değişmektedir. Çalışmamızda malzeme olarak tren tekerlekleri tercih edilmiştir. Tren tekerlekleri orta karbonlu çelik malzemeden dövme yöntemi ile üretilmektedir. İşletme sırasında dinamik zorlanmalara maruz kalan tren tekerleklerinin muayeneleri büyük önem arz etmektedir. Tren tekerlekleri üzerinde delik delme yöntemi ile 3mm çapında yapay hatalar oluşturulmuştur. Üzerinde yapay hataların bulunduğu tren tekerleklerine 3 farklı çap ve 3 farklı frekans değerlerine sahip problar ile muayene gerçekleştirilmiştir. Probların aynı baskı kuvveti ile malzeme yüzeyine temas etmesi için yaylı bir düzenek hazırlanmıştır. Toplam 6 farklı deney grubu ile 9 adet test gerçekleştirilmiş ve veri seti oluşturulmuştur. Problardan gelen verilen ses dalgaları db birimi olarak kaydedilmiştir. Literatürde prob seçiminde temel parametre her ne kadar probların frekansı gibi görülse de farklı prob çaplarının muayene hassasiyetine etkisinin olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Prob çapları ile gelen ses dalgaları arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesinde IBk algoritması kullanılmıştır. Bu algoritma öznitelik uzayındaki en yakın eğitim örneklerine dayanarak nesnelerin sınıflandırılması prensibine dayanmaktadır. IBk algoritması kullanılarak yapılan model de prob çapı ile darbe yankı değerinin arasında %89 gibi yüksek bir oranda ilişki bulunmuştur. Bu değer prob seçiminde ana parametre olarak kabul edilmeyen prob çaplarının darbe yankı değeri ile ilişkisinin gösterilmesi açısından önem arz etmektedir.

Ultrasound diagnostics of the patient's surperficial tissues

A new method of ultrasonic examination of the superficial tissues of a patient in vivo has been proposed. The design of ultrasonic measuring module for complex non-invasive diagnostics of the physiological conditions and processes in the superficial tissues of a patient has been developed. Precise measurements of the speed and attenuation of ultrasonic waves were made using the echo-pulse and transmission methods. An experimental verification of the developed ultrasonic method was carried out on reference solutions and superficial tissues of the patient. Keywords: ultrasound diagnostics, echo-pulse method, superficial tissues, ultrasonic diagnostic module, sound speed, attenuation coefficient.

Clinical Study on the Evaluation of the Condition of Patients with Gastric Tumors and the Choice of Surgical Treatment by Gastric Ultrasonic Filling Method.

Objective. To explore the clinical value of the gastric ultrasonic filling method in evaluating the condition of patients with gastric tumors and guiding the selection of treatment methods, provide data support for clinical gastric filling ultrasonography in the evaluation of gastric cancer patients, and provide the basis for the choice of surgical treatment. Methods. This study retrospectively analyzed 50 patients with gastric cancer treated in our hospital from April 2017 to January 2022. All 50 patients were examined by the gastric ultrasound filling method. The TNM staging results of gastric cancer were analyzed with the results of gastroscopic biopsy or postoperative pathological examination as the diagnostic gold standard. Results. The ultrasonic detection rate of 50 patients with gastric cancer was 94.00% (47/50). Among them, 3 cases missed diagnosis were of early intramucosal carcinoma, which were only diagnosed as erosive gastritis. 1 case was located in the gastric body, and the other 2 cases were located in the gastric antrum. Ultrasound assessment of gastric mucosal thickness in T1-T2 stage was 9.8 mm, which was significantly lower than that in T3-T4 stage, which was 17.0 mm (p < 0.05). The diagnostic accuracy of the gastric ultrasound filling method in the diagnosis of T1, T2, T3, and T4 was 41.67%, 57.14%, 96.00%, and 83.33%, respectively. The total diagnostic accuracy of T-stage was 76.00% (38/50). The total judgment rate of too shallow and too deep was 10.00% and 14.00%, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of the gastric ultrasound filling method was 88.89%, 81.81%, 70.00%, and 82.00%, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of the gastric ultrasound filling method in the diagnosis of M0 and M1 stages was 100.00%, and the total diagnostic accuracy of the M-stage was 100.00%. The ROC curve drawn by GFUS in the diagnosis of T-stage of gastric cancer had three components: the specificity was the horizontal axis, the sensitivity was the vertical axis, and the area under the curve was 0.978. The difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion. Before the operation of patients with gastric cancer, using the gastric ultrasonic filling method and ultrasonic examination method to diagnose them can timely clarify the clinical stage of patients, so that clinicians can choose the most appropriate operation method according to their clinical stage, which is worthy of popularization and application in clinic.

Diagnostic value of different color ultrasound diagnostic method in endometrial lesions

BACKGROUNDEndometrial lesions include endometrial cancer and inferior fibroids. Among them, endometrial cancer as a malignant tumor seriously endangers the life and health of patients. Ultrasonography is an important means of diagnosing female reproductive system diseases, and it is of critical value for the early diagnosis of endometrial cancer. However, different ultrasound inspection programs have achieved different results. It is of great significance to choose a suitable inspection program.AIMTo explore the diagnostic efficacy of different ultrasonic examination methods in clinical endometrial lesions.METHODSThe 140 patients with endometrial lesions who were treated in our hospital from April 2018 to October 2019 were used as the research subjects. All patients underwent transvaginal color ultrasound and transabdominal color ultrasound. We compared the diagnostic coincidence and image display effects of the two different examination methods, and the endometrial thickness, blood flow, uterine effusion and resistance index of different diseases were observed by transvaginal color ultrasound.RESULTSThe diagnostic coincidence rate of all types of diseases of transvaginal color ultrasound was significantly higher than that of transabdominal color ultrasound (P = 0.001, 0.005, 0.001 and 0.001). In addition, the excellent and good rate of image display of transvaginal color ultrasound was higher than that of transabdominal color ultrasound (P = 0.001). There were significant differences in endometrial thickness in patients with different types of endometrial lesions through the transvaginal color examination (P = 0.001). The incidence rate of uterine effusion in patients with endometrial carcinoma was significantly higher than that in patients with other types of endometrial lesions (P = 0.001), and the rate of the blood flow was the highest (P = 0.001). The comparison of blood flow resistance index indicated that the blood flow resistance index in endometrial cancer patients was the lowest, which shows that the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.001).CONCLUSIONThe overall diagnostic efficacy of transvaginal color ultrasound in the clinical diagnosis of endometrial lesions is better than that of transabdominal color ultrasound, which held higher diagnostic coincidence rate and image display effect. There were significant differences in the thickness of the endometrium and the blood flow in different types of lesions.

NEW APPROACHES TO STUDY IN PATHOGENESIS MECHANISMS OF HYPOFERTILITY AT UTERINE HYPERPLASTIC PROCESS

Aim of this study - we have examined uterine pump disorder as a possible chain of infertility pathogenesis under adenomiosis, utilizing method of ultrasonic examination in saggital plane of the whole uterus and in a position fixed for 5 minutes. Material and methods. 152 patients with adenomyosis related infertility only or with concomitant myoma of uterus were examined. The control set consisted of women with male factor infertility only. Results. Uterine dysperistalsis has been revealed under adenomyosis in the form of dysperistalsis related waves, which are not observed with healthy women. In addition to dysperistalsis into all phases of cycle, hyperperistalsis (р<0,05) and considerable increase of dysperistalsis related waves frequencies into periovulation phase (р<0,005) have been revealed in the control set with concomitant nodal myoma of uterus.

Validation and implementation of sandwich structure bottom plate to rib weld joint in the base section of ITER Cryostat

Cryostat is a large stainless steel vacuum vessel providing vacuum environment to ITER machine components. The cryostat is ∼30m in diameter and ∼30m in height having variable thickness from 25mm to 180mm. Sandwich structure of cryostat base section withstands vacuum loading and limits the deformation under service conditions. Sandwich structure consists of top and bottom plates internally strengthened with radial and circular ribs.In current work, sandwich structure bottom plate to rib weld joint has been designed with full penetration joint as per ITER Vacuum Handbook requirement considering nondestructive examinations and welding feasibility. Since this joint was outside the scope of ASME Section VIII Div. 2, it was decided to validate through mock-up of bottom plate to rib joint. Welding sequence was established to control the distortion. Tensile test, macro-structural examination and layer by layer LPE were carried out for validation of this weld joint. However possibility of ultrasonic examination method was also investigated.The test results from the welded joint mock-up were found to confirm all code and specification requirements. The same was implemented in first sector (0–60°) of base section sandwich structure.

1606 日本機械学会核融合設備規格超伝導マグネット構造規格 : 製作、非破壊試験、耐圧・もれ試験(OS16-2 核融合炉-多種多様な力学的環境における強度・設計問題)

For construction of TF coil, a "Fabrication and Installation" standard FM-4000, accompanying a mandatory Appendix 41 "Welded Joint" and a "Nondestructive Examination (NDE)" standard FM-5000 accompanying a mandatory Appendix 51 for "Ultrasonic Examination Method" and a "pressure and Leak Testing" standard FM-6000 have been developed, based on other JSME standards for nuclear power plant (JSME S NB1) and also ASME Sec.VIII-div.2. Since TF coil structure does not include radioactive materials but is operated under high stress produced by high magnetic field, it is not safety-relevant-barrier with a fission reactor. The TF coil structure is mainly classified into two divisions; (1) Jacket and helium cooling pipe that is required for leak tightness, and (2) The general structure which is stressed only by the electromagnetic force. For the welded joint in the structure part (1), more severe requirements for NDE are prescribed in addition to the requirement for pressure and leak testing, based on JSME S NB1 and ASME Sec. III ND, NF, or Sec. VIII-div.2. All of weld joints are classified into 6 categories depending on strength and direction of the stress induced by the magnetic field. Approved weld joint configuration and welding process, NDE, pressure and leak testing required and also acceptance criteria of discontinuity are defined in each category. Qualification of welding personal and inspector are also defined, but its final responsibility is to the owner of TF coil.

Ultrasonic investigation of the hip in newborns in the diagnosis of congenital hip dislocation: classification and results of a screening program.

The method of ultrasonic examination of the hip is described, the latest updated Graf classification is explained, and the results of a prospective screening program are described. One thousand four hundred and sixty newborn infants were examined by ultrasound and clinically by independent observers. The distribution of the ultrasound types was determined. Recommendations are given for the use of ultrasonic investigation of the hip for groups at risk in the neonatal period.

Sonographic determination of fetal sex from twelve weeks of gestation

Fetal sex was sonographically determined in 1879 pregnant women between 12 and 40 weeks of gestation by obtaining transverse, frontal, and sagittal sections of the fetal lower pelvic region. The success rates of producing echoimages that were sufficient to determine fetal sex were 97.1% for both sexes (7783 correct diagnoses out of 8010 sonograms), 97.1% for males (39864103), and 97.1% for females (37973907). Postnatal confirmation of the sex of 1886 newborn infants delivered of 1879 pregnant women revealed that the rate of correct diagnosis before delivery was 99.9% (18851886)—100% for males (957957) and 99.8% for females (928929). The method of ultrasonic examination of the fetal sex reported here appears to be feasible in obstetric practice with consistent reproducibility and a high incidence of correct determinations at 12 weeks of gestation and thereafter.

Ultrasonic examination of scrotum: Review of 108 cases

Ultrasound is a reliable and safe method for the evaluation of scrotal anatomy. The usual method of ultrasonic examination has been contact scanning with a conventional articulated arm scanner. We herein report our experience in 108 cases using an ultrasonic technique which provides panoramic scans of the entire scrotum and precision tomographic plane placement without distorting the scrotum or causing patient discomfort.