Ultrasonic Distance Measurement Research Articles

Ultrasonic distance measurement and system simulation

Ultrasonic distance measurement and system simulation

Intelligent Parking Control Method Based on Multi-Source Sensory Information Fusion and End-to-End Deep Learning

To address the challenges of inefficient intelligent parking performance and reduced efficiency in complex environments, this study presents an end-to-end intelligent parking control model based on a Convolutional Neural Network–Long Short-Term Memory (CNN-LSTM) architecture incorporating multi-source sensory information fusion to improve decision-making and adaptability. The model can produce real-time intelligent parking control decisions by extracting spatiotemporal features, including comprehensive 360-degree panoramic images and ultrasonic sensor distance measurements. To enhance the coverage of real-world environments in the dataset, a data collection platform was developed, leveraging the PreScan simulation platform in conjunction with actual parking environments. Consequently, a comprehensive parking environment dataset comprising various types was constructed. A deep learning model was devised to ameliorate horizontal and vertical control in intelligent parking systems, integrating Convolutional Neural Networks and Long Short-Term Memory in a parallel configuration. By meticulously accounting for parking environment characteristics, sliding window parameters were optimized, and transfer learning was employed for secondary model training to fortify the prediction accuracy. To ascertain the system’s robustness, simulation tests were performed. The ultimate results from the actual environment experiment revealed that the end-to-end intelligent parking model substantially surpassed the existing approaches, bolstering parking efficiency and effectiveness in complex contexts.

Design of Sweeping Robot Based on STM32 Single Chip Microcomputer

As a new product in the field of service robots, the sweeping robot has made some achievements, but there are still many key technical problems to be solved or improved. This paper focuses on the precise obstacle avoidance and highly sensitive execution of the sweeping robot, and designs a sweeping robot based on STM32 microcontroller. The infrared ranging and ultrasonic ranging are combined to achieve accurate data acquisition. When the measurement distance is relatively close, infrared ranging is used. Otherwise, the ultrasonic distance measurement is adopted. In addition, PID algorithm is used to speed up the response of the system, and the motion state of the sweeping robot is adjusted through prediction data to ensure the accuracy of STM32 execution. It provides reference for the development of sweeping robot industry.

Development of the Layout of the Experimental Setup for Determining the Stiffness Coefficient of Cylindrical Springs and Studying Free Harmonic Oscillations

Purpose of research. Is to develop a layout of an experimental setup that allows conducting research with elastic elements by exercising a force impact on them as well as automatic data collection and analysis, which allows determining the stiffness coefficient and investigating simple harmonic oscillations.Methods. The developed device makes it possible to determine elasticity coefficient of the spring applying two methods – static and dynamic. The dynamic method requires strict adherence to a certain procedure of experimental stydy. In this case, the system under study is under the action of a restoring force directly proportional to the displacement, i.e. it is a simple generator of harmonic oscillations. The prototype of the experimental setup being created includes a supporting structure, a control system to which an ultrasonic distance measurement sensor is connected, and a special mobile application that allows visualizing and recording the results of measurements in a user-friendly form.Results. The developed prototype makes it possible to determine spring deformation by static and dynamic methods; the presence of a special mobile application for devices with the Android operating system allows the user to control the device from his mobile phone. The experimental device allows visualizing the obtained data graphically and export them to a file of variable values. Exported values are displayed in tabular form for further processing using statistical tools or numerical computing applications.Conclusion. To improve the quality of the educational and training process of physics students it is necessary to introduce special equipment for experimental research into the educational process. Such equipment can be applied in the studies conducted in various sections of mechanics, including kinematics, oscillatory motion, impact, elasticity, etc.

Discussion on the Application of Ultrasonic Distance Measurement Technology in Tunnel Main Tunnel Lighting System

Discussion on the Application of Ultrasonic Distance Measurement Technology in Tunnel Main Tunnel Lighting System

Development and Realization of an Ultrasonic Ranging Detection and Tracking Device

There are several ways of contactless distance measurements. This research work made use of the principle of ultrasonic distance measurements and calculations as well as tracking of dynamic object by the techniques of distance comparison. When an electrical pulse of high voltage is applied to the ultrasonic transducer it vibrates across a specific spectrum of frequencies and generates a burst of sound waves. Each time any obstacle comes ahead of the ultrasonic sensor, the sound waves will reflect in the form of echo and generates an electric pulse. The time taken between sending sound waves and receiving the echo was calculated and the patterns of echo were compared with the patterns of sound waves to determine the detected signals condition. The device consists of two HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensors that sweep continuously through 1800 to detect and track object based on developed and installed codes in the Arduino Uno microcontroller and displays the range and angular position using Processing 3 Software on a computer screen display. The envisaged minimum and maximum range of object detections is 2cm and 39cm respectively using processed signal. However, the measured distance is from 5cm to 35cm and the corresponding calculated distances using waveforms from an oscilloscope were 6.8cm and 47.6cm. The discrepancies were attributable to the 0.2ms rise time of the trigger signals. The device was capable of tracking only relatively slow-moving objects and can be applicable in robotic vision, automatic guided vehicles, security surveillance, automobile anti-collision system and precision contactless measurements.

Solving Multiple Triggering Problem of Ultrasonic Distance Measurement by Debouncing

In recent years, multiple measurement systems fusion technologies have developed rapidly. Ultrasonic ranging is paid much attention because it has the advantages of directly measuring short-distance targets, high longitudinal resolution, and a wide application range. However, when the ultrasonic distance measurement is carried out by assembling the circuit board, it is found that the switch is triggered multiple times, and the measurement data is inaccurate. This paper proposes a new method that adding debounce to improve the accuracy of measurement. Besides, Some suggestions are provided to decrease the operation difficulty in the actual measurement process. Based on the experimental result, the accuracy and efficiency of ultrasonic distance measurement are greatly improved via this method proposed in this paper. By the way, the single-chip computer simulation technology simulates the ranging phenomenon in the experiment.

Effects of bicycle passing distance law on drivers’ behavior

This paper identifies the effect of passing distance laws on drivers’ perceptions and behaviors when passing bicycles. Using an instrumented bicycle, the study measured bicycle passing in a 25-h naturalistic field experiment using video recording and an ultrasonic distance-measuring device. In order to evaluate the effect of passing distance laws, the study examined jurisdictions with a three-foot passing law, a five-foot passing law, and no passing law. The experiment required a bicyclist to ride the instrumented bicycle in two-lane and three-lane roads to capture the distance between the bicycle and the overtaking motor vehicle. An Ordered Probit model was adopted to describe the relationship between a discrete dependent variable (i.e., passing distance) and independent variables. The results demonstrated that drivers’ overtaking distances were significantly greater in locations with the five-foot passing law than in other areas. The study also found that roads with paved shoulders, wider travel lanes, and a greater number of lanes contributed to greater passing distances. In contrast, we found that the passing distance was shorter on roads with shared lane markings (i.e., sharrows) or a higher share of heat vehicles. Moreover, a survey was conducted in locations with different passing laws and ordinances to determine drivers’ awareness and the effect of such policies on drivers’ behavior. The study illustrates that almost 70% of drivers in areas with a passing law were unaware of any existing laws requiring drivers to maintain a distance from bicyclists. These results can be useful to transportation engineers, policymakers, and legislators who intend to provide efficient designs for road infrastructure to better accommodate bicycles.

The Application of Distance-Measuring by Ultrasonic Based on CPLD in the Field of Agriculture Robot

In order to further improve the accuracy of the distance measurement of agricultural robots and realize the precise delivery of crop feeds, thereby increasing the yield of crops, this paper proposed a ultrasonic distance measurement system for agricultural robots based on Complex Programmable Logic Device (CPLD). The system mainly included two parts: hardware and software. The hardware part mainly included CPLD control part, ultrasonic sensor and temperature sensor. The software part mainly included the identification and counting of ultrasonic signals, data processing and temperature compensation. The system performed accurate ultrasonic ranging based on the current temperature and ultrasonic echo measurement. In order to improve the degree of humanization of the system, the system used a high-brightness digital tube to display the measured data in real time. The part of hardware had been analyzed and designed, and the same time the part of software had been designed by the language of VHDL and simulated by wave in QUARTUSII platform. Finally the design was downloaded to a CPLD chip named EPM1270T144C5. The system was tested by measuring the distance of block range from 50mm to 5500mm in the temperature of 28°C. After actual system testing, we found that the precision of test could be controlled less than 0.1 mm as a result of temperature compensating and high-speed characteristic of CPLD.

Subcentimeter Precision Ranging System for Moving Targets With a Doppler-Effect- Compensated Ultrasonic Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum

In this article, we present a Doppler-effect-compensated ranging system that can be applied to subcentimeter-precision ultrasonic distance measurement for moving targets using a direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS). First, the theory of the Doppler compensation technique is explained, and then, the evaluation results obtained using maximum-length-sequence coded ultrasonic signals are discussed. In this study, we employ a 128-b DSSS code with three wavelengths per bit. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system can measure a target accelerating at 9.8 m/s2 with a speed of up to 2 m/s in the range of 0.1–1.6 m, with a standard deviation of less than 5 mm. We also confirmed by simulation that the system can track a target accelerating at 30 m/s2 with a speed of up to 5.5 m/s in the range of 4–6 m.

DSmT-Based Ultrasonic Detection Model for Estimating Indoor Environment Contour

As for uncertainties of ranging and direction angle in the ultrasonic sensor measurement, an ultrasonic distance measurement model is first proposed for representing these uncertainties through analyzing the working principle of the ultrasonic sensor, which can be adopted to detect the contour of wall plan and cylinder. Moreover, the Dezert–Smarandache Theory (DSmT) method is employed to fuse the uncertainty data measured by using the ultrasonic sensor. Next, extended Hough transform (EHT) and least-squares method (LSM) are combined to identify the environmental contour. Then, the measurement uncertainty of the ultrasonic sensor is analyzed for setting the threshold Th used for distinguishing line and cylinder, and the detection range of the cylinder radius is estimated. Finally, we build an indoor environment and design the ultrasonic sensor hardware system to detect the indoor environment for experimental verification. The indoor environment contour obtained in the experimental results is consistent with the real environment, which illustrates the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method. The proposed method has certain reference value for research of simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) of the mobile robot.

ITDS: An Intelligent Tissue Dispenser System

The Internet of Things (IoT) technology is the main contributor in numerous smart applications. The reason is because it offers for 24/7 hours of control and maintenance geographically apart, thus reduces labor or manpower cost significantly. The 3 main components for any IoT applications are the source of power (energy), the microcontroller and the sensor (s) involved. Previous issues mainly related to how long the source of power could last for the applications to continue its operation. This paper presents IoT technology for hygiene application to address the utilization of toilet tissue named as Intelligent Tissue Dispenser System (iTDS). The iTDS device relies on the microcontroller and sensor in order to operate the intended task. The microcontroller used is an IoT based device called ESP8266 which is a WiFi-embedded microcontroller that utilized standard everyday WiFi band frequency which is at 2.4 GHz. For the sensor, an ultrasonic distance measurement device is used. The ultrasonic sensor transmit an ultrasonic wave that hit the object to be measured. Upon hitting the surface of the object to be measured, the wave is then reflected to the receiver of the sensor and the time difference between transmitted wave and received wave is calculated to get the actual distance of the object from the sensor. The main contribution of iTDS is to monitor and track for the toilet tissue to be refilled. The implementation shows the iTDS ables to update for the status of each tissue which reducing the cost of manually human checking for tissue refill.

Ultrasonic Distance Measurement Method With Crosstalk Rejection at High Measurement Rate

This paper introduces a computationally intensive method for measuring distance at high measurement rates using chaotic pulse-position (CPPM) signals and single-bit signal processing in a single ultrasound sensor system. To prevent crosstalk from other ultrasonic sensor systems, a chaotic system is used, and the ultrasonic pulses are transmitted as a pulse sequence generated by CPPM. After receiving the ultrasound signal, the single-bit signal was generated by a fast Fourier transform threshold, which also functions as an environmental noise filter. Single-bit signal processing has been adopted to reduce the computational load when cross correlating the transmitted and received signals for time-of-flight calculations. Single-bit signal processing has more than 100 times memory saving effect in this paper. Additionally, as the signal-to-noise ratio increases, extension of the maximum measurable distance in the ultrasonic distance sensor system is expected. The simulation shows the crosstalk rejection performance of the proposed method, and the experimental results confirm the improvement of the measurement speed by the proposed method.

A fully integrated digitally controllable grounded inductor simulator with a large inductance range for damping of ultrasonic transducers

This paper proposes a novel fully integrated digitally controlled active inductor for damping of ultrasonic transducer. Using new grounded inductor simulator (GIS) topology, the work addresses number of design challenges to demonstrate a feasibility of active damping of a transformer-less ultrasonic distance measurement sensor. The topology is described and basic parameters are derived in the paper. Presented GIS topology is suitable for full integration, and achieves low distortion, high input voltage dynamic range, and can digitally be tuned in a wide range from 1.1 to 75 mH with a step less than 1%. Presented design was manufactured in 0.18 um CMOS technology and occupies area of 0.216 mm2. Measurement results confirming key parameters are presented to support this work.

1P2-12 Precise ultrasonic distance measurement of moving object by using single Linear-Period-Modulated signal independent of Doppler velocity estimation

1P2-12 Precise ultrasonic distance measurement of moving object by using single Linear-Period-Modulated signal independent of Doppler velocity estimation

Intelligent fish tank based on WiFi module

In the paper, the intelligent fish tank using STC89C52 as the control core embedded HC-SR04 ultrasonic distance measurement module and DS18B20 temperature sensor is introduced. This system can be used to remotely control and collect the data of the temperature and the level of water in the fish tank through WiFi module (ESP8266-01). When the water level is less than the default value, the system will be adjusted by adding water into the tank. At the same time, people could also get the data and control the tank whenever they want. The micro-controller is connected to the Internet through the WiFi module. With the help of MicroPython firmware, python programs are compiled within this WiFi module in order to connect to the WiFi at home, providing data transfer function. Android smart phones could connect to this system through WiFi and send commands. In this way, the fish tank could be controlled remotely to ensure the stability of the water temperature and level in the tank.

Reducing ring-down time of pMUTs with phase shift of driving waveform

This paper proposes a method to reduce ring-down time for piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers (pMUTs) through phase shift. The proposed driving form can effectively improve the effective emission time to transmitting time (Tx time) ratio and decrease the ring-down time, which contributes to shorten the blind area in pulse-echo ultrasonic distance measurement. The phase shift method effectively restrains the pMUT’s ring-down vibration within 20 nm in air and 15 nm in water swiftly. Consequently, the ring-down time can be saved from 45.9∼206 μs in air and 78.9∼130.1 μs in water respectively. The suppressed ring-down can sharpen the echo envelop for better location applications. Detection of the precise vibration stop time based on time constant of pMUTs is useful for measurement with high accuracy.

Development of Ultrasonic Ranging System Based on STM32

In this paper, the principle and method of ultrasonic distance measurement are described. It uses STM32 as MCU, has programmed software, uses STM32’s input and output pin to realize receiving and transmitting control of ultrasonic. As the distance is measured, the software filtering algorithm is used to remove the interference, which makes the measurement more accurate. The experimental results show that the ranging system can measure the distance accurately, and the measuring range can reach 2cm-400cm. It has some practical value.

Acoustic Emission and Echo Signal Compensation Techniques Applied to an Ultrasonic Logging-While-Drilling Caliper.

A logging-while-drilling (LWD) caliper is a tool used for the real-time measurement of a borehole diameter in oil drilling engineering. This study introduces the mechanical structure and working principle of a new LWD caliper based on ultrasonic distance measurement (UDM). The detection range is a major performance index of a UDM system. This index is determined by the blind zone length and remote reflecting interface detection capability of the system. To reduce the blind zone length and detect near the reflecting interface, a full bridge acoustic emission technique based on bootstrap gate driver (BGD) and metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) is designed by analyzing the working principle and impedance characteristics of a given piezoelectric transducer. To detect the remote reflecting interface and reduce the dynamic range of the received echo signals, the relationships between the echo amplitude and propagation distance of ultrasonic waves are determined. A signal compensation technique based on time-varying amplification theory, which can automatically change the gain according to the echo arrival time is designed. Lastly, the aforementioned techniques and corresponding circuits are experimentally verified. Results show that the blind zone length in the UDM system of the LWD caliper is significantly reduced and the capability to detect the remote reflecting interface is considerably improved.

Ultrasonic Distance Measurement Method Based on Received Signal Model

Ultrasonic Distance Measurement Method Based on Received Signal Model