Ultrasonic-assisted Synthesis Research Articles

Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of Highly Porous CeO2-Doped Zr Nanoparticles for Supercapacitor Applications.

The aim of this work was to develop an ultrasonic-assisted synthesis method for the fabrication of CeO2-doped Zr nanoparticles that would improve the performance of supercapacitor electrodes. This method, which eliminates the need for high-temperature calcination, involves embedding CeO2 into Zr nanoparticles through 1 hr (CeO2-Zr-1) and 2 hrs (CeO2-Zr-2) of ultrasonic irradiation, resulting in the formation of nanostructures with significant improvements in their electrochemical properties. Through physicochemical analysis, we observed that the CeO2-doped Zr nanoparticles, particularly those treated for 2 hrs (CeO2-Zr-2), exhibit superior crystalline phase purity, optimal chemical surface composition, minimal agglomeration with particle sizes below 50 nm, and an impressive average surface area of 178 m2/g. Compared to the 1 hr irradiation samples (CeO2-Zr-1) and undoped CeO2 nanoparticles, the (CeO2-Zr-2) electrodes demonstrated a remarkable capacitance of 198 Fg-1 at a current density of 1 A/g while maintaining ~94.9% of their capacity after 3750 cycles. This indicates not only good reversibility but also exceptional stability. In (CeO2-Zr-2) samples, the nanospherical structure achieved through ultrasonic synthesis is responsible for the enhanced capacitive behavior and stability, along with the synergistic effects caused by Zr doping, which improves the CeO2 nanoparticle conductivity to a significant extent. Surface areas of the electrodes are larger due to the combination of these two materials, which contribute to their superior performance.

Ultrasonic-Assisted Synthesis of Lead Citrate as Precursor for Preparation of Lead Oxide from Lead Sulfate

ABSTRACT In this study, an efficient method of lead recovery from lead sulfate in spent lead-acid batteries assisted by ultrasonic is developed using the citric acid–sodium citrate solution. Ultrasonic-assisted technology is employed to enhance the kinetics of lead sulfate leaching. Initially, the predominance area of the lead citrate complexes was analyzed. The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of ultrasonic-assisted technology on the kinetic behavior of lead sulfate within the citric acid–sodium citrate solution, thereby unveiling the differences between ultrasonic-assisted leaching and the non-ultrasonic-assisted leaching. Kinetic study indicated that the employment of ultrasonic-assisted technology could effectively reduce the apparent activation energy during the desulfurization process, decreasing the energy initially required from 43.27 kJ/mol to 35.15 kJ/mol. Furthermore, the ultrasonic-assisted leaching led to successful preparation of lead citrate precursor, characterized by a smaller particle size and larger specific surface area. Systematic investigations were performed on the thermal decomposition process of these precursors and the effects of calcination temperature and holding time on the properties of calcination products. It was revealed that pure porous lead oxide powder with a purity of 99.9% could be produced successfully under the conditions of calcination temperature at 350°C and holding time of 1 h. The research provides an innovative process for the efficient recovery of lead from spent lead acid batteries.

Marine-derived magnetic nanocatalyst in sustainable ultrasound-assisted synthesis of 2,3-diphenyl-2,3-Dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-One derivatives

This research presents a sustainable approach to fabricate iron oxide nanoparticles by employing phytochemicals derived from marine grass extract as both reducing and stabilizing agents. Formation of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) initially confirmed by ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis) showing absorption peak at 370 nm. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques unveiled magnetic iron oxide NPs with a rod shape, an average size of 21 nm, and an inverse spinel crystal structure. The participation of organic compounds in the production and stabilization of MNPs was evidenced through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). A vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) demonstrated the magnetic properties of iron oxide NPs showing a saturation magnetization value of 21.46 emu/g. The catalytic efficiency of these marine-assisted MNPs was evaluated in a one-pot three-component reaction involving isatoic anhydride, aromatic aldehydes, and amines under ultrasonic conditions. Under optimal conditions, a low dose of 1.5 mg of biobased magnetite nanoparticles yielded dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-One products with up to 95 % efficiency in a brief duration of 15 min at an ultrasonic power intensity of 130 W. Different directing groups were investigated, and control experiments were carried out to enhance the understanding of the reaction mechanism. The obtained results highlight the synergistic effect of marine grass-mediated magnetic nanocatalysts combined with ultrasonic-assisted synthesis in developing sustainable green methodologies in organic synthesis.

Ultrasonic-assisted synthesis and antitumor evaluation of novel variant heterocyclic compounds based on piperidine ring.

Aim: This work explores the eco-friendly synthesis of various heterocycles from a piperidine-based compound (1) and explore their potential as antitumor agents.Materials & methods: Ultrasonic irradiation was used to synthesize heterocycles like pyridone, thiophene and coumarin, with computational tools analyzing stability and biological interactions.Results: Compounds 9 and 14 exhibit strong cytotoxic activity, surpassing doxorubicin. Compounds 2, 6, 10 and 13 exhibited intermediate activity, while compounds 3, 7 and 12 had minimal effects. Docking studies suggest potential ADORA1 receptor interaction. Computational tools analyze stability and interaction with biological systems, revealing potential antitumor mechanisms.Conclusion: Green synthesis of diverse heterocycles yielded potent antitumor agents (compounds 9 & 14). DFT and Docking studies suggest interaction with ADORA1 receptor, a potential mechanism.

Ultrasonic-assisted synthesis for the production of green and sustainable hemp carboxymethyl cellulose

Hemp fiber (Cannabis sativa) is being widely used to produce carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). This study focused on synthesizing carboxymethyl cellulose from bleached hemp fiber to investigate the impact of different factors, i.e., chemical concentration and synthesis time, on its characteristics. The fiber morphology analysis revealed desirable properties, which are essential for high-quality CMC production. Optimal condition for CMC synthesis were investigated, which involved using 20 % NaOH (w/v), the shortest total synthesis time (2.30h), and using 0.9 g MCA (w/w). This resulted in a non-significantly high DS (0.80) in both nonspray-dried and spray-dried hemp carboxymethyl cellulose, representing a high CMC content around 96 %. Moreover, the use of ultrasonic assistance and spray drying techniques significantly improved the hemp carboxymethyl cellulose properties, indicating a decreased molecular weight (2.65 × 104 g/mol) and a decreased particle size (7.82 μm). Thermal analysis revealed that spray-dried hemp carboxymethyl cellulose had lower thermal stability than hemp fiber and nonspray-dried hemp carboxymethyl cellulose. FTIR and 13C NMR analyses confirmed the successful CMC synthesis. Additionally, XRD and SEM analyses demonstrated changes in the crystalline structure and hemp carboxymethyl cellulose surface morphology. This revealed advanced techniques that could enhance hemp carboxymethyl cellulose quality and properties, making it suitable for various industrial applications.

Sono-synthesis and characterization of next-generation antimicrobial ZnO/TiO2 and Fe3O4/TiO2 bi-nanocomposites, for antibacterial and antifungal applications

Ultrasonic-assisted synthesis of ZnO/TiO₂ and Fe₃O₄/TiO₂ bi-oxide nanocomposites at low frequencies (60 kHz) with their characterizations and antibacterial/antifungal applications are investigated in this study. Using nanotechnology as the next-generation solution, this research explored the potential of metal oxide nanoparticles as effective antibacterial agents. Nanomaterials were synthesized via a novel and facile method (sono-synthesis) and characterized using various techniques (XRD, SEM, FTIR, zeta potential analysis, Raman spectroscopy, and XPS), revealing nanoscale sizes of 25 nm for ZnO/TiO₂ and 31 nm for Fe₃O₄/TiO₂. Structural analysis demonstrated the distinct crystalline phases of the synthesized nanomaterials: TiO₂ with anatase structure (25 %), hexagonal wurtzite structure for ZnO, and Fe₃O₄ with inverse spinel structure, formed in nano-dimensions (19–31 nm) with a near-spherical shape. Antibacterial and antifungal assays highlighted the efficacy of both bi-nanocomposites against gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria, along with their potent activity against Candida albicans and non-albicans Candida. Moreover, principal component analysis (PCA) was used to identify potential relationships between the physicochemical properties (zeta potential, size, conductivity, and concentration) of all nanomaterials tested and their zone of inhibition (ZOI) against all bacterial species tested. Overall, this study emphasizes the novelty of employing a simple and efficient sono-synthetic route to synthesize ZnO/TiO₂ and Fe₃O₄/TiO₂ bi-nanocomposites and investigate their significant antibacterial and antifungal activities. Additionally, it identifies the potential relationships between the physicochemical properties of the nanomaterials tested and their antimicrobial activity. This approach provides a robust framework for future applications of bi-nanocomposites in combating microbial infections.

A facile in-situ ultrasonic-assisted synthesis of terephthalic acid-layered double hydroxide/bacterial cellulose: Application for eco-friendly analysis of multi-residue pesticides in vineyard soils

A novel nanostructure biosorbent comprised of bacterial cellulose (BC) and a Cu-Cr layered double hydroxide (LDH) intercalated with terephthalic acid (TPA) was prepared using the in-situ coprecipitation method. The synthesized TPA/CuCr-LDH@BC sorbent was used in quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) extraction of multiclass pesticides (nine insecticides, five acaricides, one herbicide, and one fungicide) followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The extraction factors such as type and volume of eluent, sorbent dosage, adsorption and desorption times, sample pH, and salt were optimized. The sorbent was analyzed with field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and adsorption/desorption isotherms to check its chemical structure, crystallinity, and porosity. Matrix effect (15.3–19.6 %), linearity (20–2000 µg/L, r2 > 0.9982), limits of quantification (6–12 µg/L), and enrichment factor (42–65) were calculated. The efficiency and accuracy of the developed method were assessed with the analysis of five vineyard soil samples and the resulting recoveries were in the range of 60–130 % (RSD%=3.5–12.9). The green aspects of the procedure were evaluated by the Complex-GAPI, the AGREE, and the Analytical Eco-Scale tools. This study describes the first-time synthesis of TPA/CuCr-LDH@BC composite and its application as sorbent material for the microextraction of multi-residue pesticides in agricultural soils.

ZnMgO Nanoparticles via Ultrasonic-Assisted Synthesis for Electron Transport Layer in InP-Based QD-LEDs

ZnMgO Nanoparticles via Ultrasonic-Assisted Synthesis for Electron Transport Layer in InP-Based QD-LEDs

A bio-adsorbent of Fe-Mn oxides@SiO2 NPs from brown rice husk ash: ultrasonic-assisted synthesis and its application for cobalt removal from industrial wastewater

ABSTRACT In the present study, SiO2 NPs (nanoparticles) were designed and synthesised from brown rice husk ash with the assistance of ultrasonic waves. The synthesised SiO2 NPs with high purity were modified using Fe-Mn oxides. The adsorption ability of SiO2 NPs and Fe-Mn oxides@SiO2 hybrid nanomaterials has been investigated for cobalt removal from wastewater. The characteristics of prepared adsorbents were determined using different techniques of identification. The pseudo-second-order model could describe well the effect of contact time. The Langmuir model described the equilibrium manner of the process well, and one gram of Fe-Mn oxides@SiO2 could attract 284.24 mg of cobalt at saturation state. The thermodynamic parameters show the exothermic and spontaneity of the adsorption process. The electrostatic interaction, physical adsorption in meso-macropores, and complexation reaction are the involved mechanisms. The regeneration of prepared adsorbent was investigated at 4 adsorption/desorption cycles in the continuous process. Synthesised hybrid nanomaterial can remove 70.5% cobalt and reduce 61% COD of the actual effluent from the Petrochemical wastewater.

Ultrasonic-assisted synthesis of CaCu3Ti4O12/reduced graphene oxide composites for enhanced photocatalytic degradation of pharmaceutical products: Ibuprofen and Ciprofloxacin.

The objective of this research is to create a highly effective approach for eliminating pollutants from the environment through the process of photocatalytic degradation. The study centers around the production of composites consisting of CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) using an ultrasonic-assisted method, with a focus on their capacity to degrade ibuprofen (IBF) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) via photodegradation. The impact of rGO on the structure, morphology, and optical properties of CCTO was inspected using XRD, FTIR, Raman, FESEM, XPS, BET, and UV-Vis. Morphology characterization showed that rGO particles were dispersed within the CCTO matrix without any specific chemical interaction between CCTO and C in the rGO. The BET analysis revealed that with increasing the amount of rGO in the composite, the specific surface area significantly increased compared to the CCTO standalone. Besides, increasing rGO resulted in a reduction in the optical bandgap energy to around 2.09 eV, makes it highly promising photocatalyst for environmental applications. The photodegradation of IBF and CIP was monitored using visible light irradiation. The results revealed that both components were degraded above 97% after 60 min. The photocatalyst showed an excellent reusability performance with a slight decrease after five runs to 93% photodegradation efficiency.

A biohybrid nanomaterial of biosynthesized TiO2 NPs from Mangrove leaf and shrimp shell-based Chitosan: ultrasonic-assisted synthesis and its application for methylene blue removal and COD reduction of real industrial wastewater

In the present study, TiO2 NPs (particle size: 25–35 nm) were biosynthesized from the Mangrove leaf extract. These nanoparticles were used to modify chitosan, and Chitosan@TiO2 biohybrid nanomaterial was synthesized and characterized using FTIR, XRD, BET, and, EDX-FE-SEM analyses. The adsorption ability of Chitosan@TiO2 nanomaterial has been investigated for Methylene blue (MB) removal from aqueous solution. The results indicated that the amount of MB removal is high in alkaline pH (optimum pH = 9). The pseudo-second-order model was able to describe the effect of contact time on the adsorption ability. The Langmuir model well described the equilibrium manner, and one gram of Chitosan@TiO2 could attract 416.66 mg of MB. Kinetic data, values of parameters of activation energy (+57.283 kJ/mol), enthalpy (-86.8148 kJ/mol), and Gibbs free energy (-27.999 to −22.8987 kJ/mol) indicate the dominance of chemical adsorption over physical adsorption. The breakthrough curves of 3 adsorption/desorption cycles showed the acceptable ability and reusability of prepared nanomaterial. Synthesized biohybrid nanomaterial can reduce 75% COD and 79% nitrate of the effluent from industrial city no.3 of Yasouj. The results of this research show the high ability of chitosan@TiO2 biohybrid to remove dyes from wastewater and reduce the pollution load of industrial wastewater.

Influence of ultrasonic treatment and heating/cooling under electric field on high-k cellulose-barium titanate composites

The present research reports the ultrasonic assisted synthesis of ferroelectric cellulose-barium titanate composites (C/BT). As proved by wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), the composites consist of perovskite-type barium titanate particles (BT) of 400- 600 nm, disposed around the cellulose microfibers. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) revealed the modifications of structure/morphologies of the prepared sample as compared to pristine cellulose, with direct consequences on the polymer crystalline domains, on the uniformity of BT dispersion and on the dielectric properties of the composites. The composites obtained by ultrasonic treatment possess high dielectric constants (58.6-140.5), better breakdown strengths (8.9-17.7 kV/mm) and energy storage densities (2.6-9.0 J/cm3) as compared to BT particles, as well as very low dielectric losses (0.27-3 x 10-4) at industrial frequencies (50-55 Hz), the values being dependent on the content of barium titanate and on the preparation parameters.

Ultrasonic-assisted synthesis of mono- and diacylglycerols and purification of crude glycerol derived from biodiesel production

Production of monoacylglycerols (MAGs) and diacylglycerols (DAGs) via glycerolysis of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) with glycerol (G) using an ultrasonic bath and probe was investigated. The glycerolysis using an ultrasonic bath at the optimum condition: KOH 3 wt% of glycerol, ethanol 5.5% v/v solution, and ultrasonic frequency 35 kHz yielded only 3.30% MAGs and 11.47% DAGs because the temperature was limited at 80 °C. The effect of four variables including the molar ratio of G:FAME (2.5:1–3.5:1), KOH (2.5–3.5 wt% of G), time (45–75 min), and temperature (140–160 °C) for glycerolysis utilizing an ultrasonic probe was studied and optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) and box-Behnken design (BBD). The condition: 2.82:1 G:FAME mol:mol, KOH 3.18 wt% of glycerol, 46.33 min, and 155.66 °C was recommended to achieve the highest MAGs (53.32%). To produce the most DAGs, a lower molar ratio, higher temperature, and longer time were suggested. Purification of crude glycerol by a simple multi-step process was proposed and a yield of 45 ± 0.34% was obtained with glycerol purity up to 95%. Glycerolysis of the purified and pure glycerol gave identical contents of MAGs and DAGs. Crystallization was operated to purify MAGs by investigating crystallization temperatures and solvents. Two-step crystallization obtained up to 96% MAG content and the major product was mono-palmitin. The synthesis of MAGs and DAGs was successful through the utilization of an ultrasonic probe, and crystallization was an effective method for MAG purification.

Ultrasonic-assisted synthesis of TiO2/MWCNT/Pani nanocomposite: Photocatalyst characterization and optimization of efficient variables in the degradation of benzene via RSM-CCD

Nowadays, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are the primary cause of rising contamination in groundwater, surface water, and wastewater. On the other hand, photocatalysis technology is among the best ways to treat wastewater because of its ability to rapidly mineralize a range of pollutants into non-toxic chemicals using sunlight as an energy source and its ecological friendliness. Herein, the TiO2/MWCNT/Pani nanocomposite was synthesized by combining ultrasonic and in-situ polymerization methods to decompose benzene, a prevalent and harmful VOC. The nanocomposite was characterized by XRD, FTIR, BET, SEM, and UV–Vis analysis. The response surface methodology (RSM), based on Central Composite Design (CCD), was used to investigate and optimize the effects of the independent factors on photocatalytic degradation, including initial benzene concentration, catalyst dosage, pH, and light irradiation time. The optimal conditions (benzene concentration = 700 mg. L−1, pH = 6, irradiation time = 80 min, and photocatalyst dosage = 1.5 g. L−1) resulted in maximum benzene degradation (84.90%). Trapping test and EPR analysis were also utilized to detect reactive species, and the findings indicated that the breakdown of benzene through photocatalysis is caused by the presence of hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and superoxide radicals (•O2−). Furthermore, the kinetics of the reaction and the stability of the nanocomposite (4 cycles) were examined. Finally, the results of this study provide convincing evidence for using TiO2/MWCNT/Pani as highly efficient and promising photocatalysts for removing benzene from aqueous solutions.

An ultrasonic-assisted Synthesis, Characterization, and application of Nano-Fe3O4/TiO2 as nano-catalyst for the removal of organic dye by Like-Photo-Fenton reactions

In this research, Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized via a simple co-precipitation method. Subsequently, these nanoparticles were used to synthesize TiO2-Fe3O4 nanocomposites via solvothermal ultrasonic-assisted method. Obtained nanomaterials Fe3O4 and TiO2-Fe3O4 were structurally characterized by UV–visible, XRD, and SEM-EDS. Synthesized nano-catalysts were tested as catalysis of organic dye degradation. Furthermore, an optimization study was conducted to evaluate selected TiO2-Fe3O4 nanocomposites to degrade Methylene Blue (MB) in an aqueous solution through Fenton-like reactions. Several experimental variables, including pH (from 2 to 8), H2O2 concentration (from 10-2 to 5.10-1M), catalyst amount (20 to 80 mg), and target organic compound concentrations, were tested in order to optimize the Fenton-like catalytic activity of the TiO2-Fe3O4 as a nano-catalyst to degrading MB under ambient light conditions (natural sunlight). The results showed that TiO2-Fe3O4 had an efficient degradation rate of up to 85% for MB at the optimal pH 3, H2O2 at 10-1M and 40 mg/L catalyst amount. Also, the results showed the good reusability of TiO2-Fe3O4 as a nanophotocatalyst. Also, based on the results of the scavenging agent experiments, hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radicals play an important role in methylene blue (MB) photodegradation. Finally, a possible mechanism for the photocatalytic degradation of MB was proposed. In this study, the synthesis and application of TiO2-Fe3O4 nanocomposite as a nano-catalyst in the Fenton-like oxidation process demonstrated a promising eco-friendly method for treating organic pollutants in water.

Ultrasonic-assisted synthesis of highly efficient and robust metal oxide QDs immobilized-MOF-5/Ni-Co-LDH photocatalyst for sunlight-mediated degradation of multiple toxic dyes

Concerns regarding the supply of clean and safe water are key issues that demand a suitable solution for improved wastewater treatment. Developing an efficient photocatalytic material for environmental applications is a growing research area in the present day. The present work emphasizes the natural sunlight-mediated photodegradation of toxic thiazine, xanthene, and triarylmethane dyes, employing a heterogenous advanced oxidation process. A novel heterogenous MOF-5/Ni-Co-LDH composite loaded with metal-oxide quantum dots (ZNCQD) was synthesized via ultrasonication. The polyhedral-shaped MOF-5 composite exhibited excellent photo-activity in a sunlight-driven, H2O2-assisted advanced oxidation process towards the degradation of Methylene Blue (MB), Rose Bengal (RB), and Malachite Green (MG). The experimental results indicated maximum degradation of Malachite Green. The maximum percentage degradation of MB, RB, and MG was 96.2%, 95.8%, and 99.6%, respectively. In addition, the photocatalyst demonstrated good stability for up to six consecutive cycles. The photodegradation was governed by a pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics, with MG having the highest rate constant (0.105 min−1) of all the dyes. The increased photocatalytic effectiveness could be attributed to the improved light absorption capacity by the metal quantum dots deposited on the composite surface. A detailed degradation mechanism and pathways have been proposed using various analysis techniques. Such an efficient photocatalyst with excellent activity towards both cationic and anionic dyes from aqueous medium unveils opportunities to employ MOF/LDH composites for efficient wastewater treatment and environmental remediation.

Ultrasonic-Assisted Synthesis of Heterocyclic Curcumin Analogs as Antidiabetic, Antibacterial, and Antioxidant Agents Combined with in vitro and in silico Studies.

Heterocyclic analogs of curcumin have a wide range of therapeutic potential and the ability to control the activity of a variety of metabolic enzymes. 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopic techniques were used to determine the structures of synthesized compounds. The agar disc diffusion method and α-amylase inhibition assay were used to examine the antibacterial and anti-diabetic potential of the compounds against α-amylase enzyme inhibitory activity, respectively. DPPH-free radical scavenging and lipid peroxidation inhibition assays were used to assess the in vitro antioxidant potential. In this work, nine heterocyclic analogs derived from curcumin precursors under ultrasonic irradiation were synthesized in excellent yields (81.4-93.7%) with improved reaction time. Results of antibacterial activities revealed that compounds 8, and 11 displayed mean inhibition zone of 13.00±0.57, and 19.66±00 mm, respectively, compared to amoxicillin (12.87±1.41 mm) at 500 μg/mL against E. coli, while compounds 8, 11 and 16 displayed mean inhibition zone of 17.67±0.57, 14.33±0.57 and 23.33±00 mm, respectively, compared to amoxicillin (13.75±1.83 mm) at 500 μg/mL against P. aeruginosa. Compound 11 displayed a mean inhibition zone of 11.33±0.57 mm compared to amoxicillin (10.75±1.83 mm) at 500 μg/mL against S. aureus. Compound 11 displayed higher binding affinities of -7.5 and -8.3 Kcal/mol with penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) and β-lactamases producing bacterial strains, compared to amoxicillin (-7.2 and -7.9 Kcal/mol, respectively), these results are in good agreement with the in vitro antibacterial activities. In vitro antidiabetic potential on α-amylase enzyme revealed that compounds 11 (IC50=7.59 µg/mL) and 16 (IC50=4.08 µg/mL) have higher inhibitory activities than acarbose (IC50=8.0 µg/mL). Compound 8 showed promising antioxidant inhibition efficacy of DPPH (IC50 = 2.44 g/mL) compared to ascorbic acid (IC50=1.24 g/mL), while compound 16 revealed 89.9±20.42% inhibition of peroxide generation showing its potential in reducing the development of lipid peroxides. In silico molecular docking analysis, results are in good agreement with in vitro biological activity. In silico ADMET profiles suggested the adequate oral drug-likeness potential of the compounds without adverse effects. According to our findings, both biological activities and in silico computational studies results demonstrated that compounds 8, 11, and 16 are promising α-amylase inhibitors and antibacterial agents against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and S. aureus, whereas compound 8 was found to be a promising antioxidant agent.

G-C3N4-Co3O4 Z-Scheme Junction with Green-Synthesized ZnO Photocatalyst for Efficient Degradation of Methylene Blue in Aqueous Solution.

A simple wet chemical ultrasonic-assisted synthesis method was employed to prepare visible light-driven g-C3N4-ZnO-Co3O4 (GZC) heterojunction photocatalysts. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electromicroscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), ultraviolet (UV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) are used to characterize the prepared catalysts. XRD confirms the homogenous phase formation of g-C3N4, ZnO, and Co3O4, and the heterogeneous phase for the composites. The synthesized ZnO and Co3O4 by using cellulose as a template show a rod-like morphology. The specific surface area of the catalytic samples increases due to the cellulose template. The measurements of the energy band gap of a g-C3N4-ZnO-Co3O4 composite showed red-shifted optical absorption to the visible range. The photoluminescence (PL) intensity decreases due to the formation of heterojunction. The PL quenching and EIS result shows that the reduction of the recombination rate and interfacial resistance result in charge carrier kinetic improvement in the catalyst. The photocatalytic performance in the degradation of MB dye of the GZC-3 composite was about 8.2-, 3.3-, and 2.5-fold more than that of the g-C3N4, g-C3N4-ZnO, and g-C3N4-Co3O4 samples. The Mott-Schottky plots of the flat band edge position of g-C3N4, ZnO, Co3O4, and Z-scheme g-C3N4-ZnO-Co3O4 photocatalysts may be created. Based on the stability experiment, GZC-3 shows greater photocatalytic activity after four recycling cycles. As a result, the GZC composite is environmentally friendly and efficient photocatalyst and has the potential to consider in the treatment of dye-contaminated wastewater.

CuFe2O4@SiO2@L-arginine@Cu(I) as a new magnetically retrievable heterogeneous nanocatalyst with high efficiency for 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles synthesis

A novel magnetic heterogeneous catalyst was synthesized through the immobilization of copper ions onto the l-arginine functionalized CuFe2O4@SiO2. The prepared catalyst was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Energy Dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDX). The resulting catalyst was used in the ultrasonic-assisted synthesis of 1,2,3-triazoles via a one-pot three-component reaction of alkynes, alkyl halides, and sodium azides under green conditions within a short time. The catalyst reusability was investigated after five cycles and no significant loss of activity was observed.

Ultra-sonic assisted synthesis of nitrogen rich-g-C3N5 @MoO3 Z-scheme system for efficient removal of acetaminophen in aqueous environment via photo- and electro-catalytically

Herein, a nitrogen-rich g-C3N5 @MoO3 hybrid material has been prepared via an ultrasonic method, and its photo- and electro-catalytic properties were confirmed through the degradation and determination of acetaminophen (AP) were reported. The as-prepared materials were confirmed using some analytical techniques including XRD, FT-IR, DRS, BET, XPS, SEM, TEM, EDX, and mapping analysis. In addition to that, the electron transfer properties as well as recombination were confirmed by photocurrent and impedance spectroscopy. The optimized g-C3N5 @MoO3 (10%) photocatalyst shows an excellent electron transfer and reduces the recombination rate of electron and hole pairs which was confirmed by the degradation of AP in the aqueous environment. The degradation rate and kinetic constant were calculated and presented. The radical scavengers test was investigated and proposed the degradation mechanism of g-C3N5 @MoO3 (10%) via Z-scheme. In addition, the g-C3N5 @MoO3 (10%) catalyst was fabricated on GCE and utilized for the detection of AP via electrochemically (CV, DPV, and impedance). The limit of detection and sensitivity of the prepared g-C3N5 @MoO3 were investigated thoroughly and presented. The electro-catalytic mechanism was also proposed and studied. These higher photo- and electro-catalytic properties of g-C3N5 @MoO3 (10%) are due to the higher surface area and synergistic effect between both g-C3N5 and MoO3. Hope this method and fabrication of materials could be an effective way to prepare new nanomaterials with high performance.