Ultralight Vehicles Research Articles

Приближенная методика проектировочного баллистического расчета двухступенчатых ракет-носителей

At the initial stage of building new models of rocket and space systems, so-called design ballistic calculations are usually performed. Due to the problems of deep space exploration and the creation of low-orbit satellite constellations with small spacecraft, the relevance of the tasks of design ballistics of launch vehicles has noticeably increased. The most cost-effective way to deliver small satellites to target orbits is to launch them using two-stage ultra-light launch vehicles powered by liquid propellants. To solve the problems of design ballistics of a two-stage launch vehicle, we expanded the technique of design ballistic calculation of the first stages of launch vehicles and tackled the problems of analytical determination of the characteristic velocity losses of the last stages of multistage launch vehicles. As a result, we introduce an approximate method for ballistic design calculation on the active part of the trajectory of two-stage launch vehicles when the payload is injected into a low Earth orbit with an arbitrary inclination. The paper considers the application of the developed technique on a specific example of injecting a payload into a circular polar orbit.

Comparative analysis of the economic feasibility of using ultra-small spacecrafts

The relevance of the issue under consideration is associated with the evolution of existing technologies, due to which the functionality increases and the mass of the payload decreases, as a result of which the question of the use of cost-effective launch vehicles is raised. The purpose of this work is to carry out a comparative analysis of the feasibility of using ultra-light launch vehicles to provide services for the delivery of small spacecraft to low-earth orbit. The article is written within the framework of socio-economic research methods. Retrospective analysis and comparative approach are combined with the use of quantitative methods. The theoretical significance of the study consists in the analysis of the modern operation of small spacecraft and the state of the world rocket and space industry, analysis of the existing strategy of the State Corporation Roscosmos in the development of a new line of reusable launch vehicles and consideration of promising projects of domestic private companies involved in the creation of ultra-light launch vehicles. The practical significance lies in the possibility of using the results of studying the intensity of space launches when making strategic decisions on the use of ultra-light launch vehicles. Based on the assessment of existing forecasts for the development and creation of small-sized spacecraft, it is concluded that the world space market is interested in the types of satellites and classes of launch vehicles for their launch.

Foldable Electrified Ultralight Vehicles on Public Walkways for Sustainable Traffic Chains

Foldable Electrified Ultralight Vehicles on Public Walkways for Sustainable Traffic Chains

Damage-Resistant Composites Using Electrospun Nanofibers: A Multiscale Analysis of the Toughening Mechanisms.

Today, fiber-reinforced polymer composites are a standard material in applications where a high stiffness and strength are required at minimal weight, such as aerospace structures, ultralight vehicles, or even flywheels for highly efficient power storage systems. Although fiber-reinforced polymer composites show many advantages compared to other materials, delamination between reinforcing plies remains a major problem limiting further breakthrough. Traditional solutions that have been proposed to toughen the interlaminar region between reinforcing plies have already reached their limit or have important disadvantages such as a high cost or the need for adapted production processes. Recently, electrospun nanofibers have been suggested as a more viable interlaminar toughening method. Although the expected benefits are numerous, the research on composite laminates enhanced with electrospun nanofibrous veils is still very limited. The work that has been done so far is almost exclusively focused on interlaminar fracture toughness tests with different kinds of nanofibers, where typically a trial and error approach has been used. A thorough understanding of the micromechanical fracture mechanisms and the parameters to obtain toughened composites has not been reported as of yet, but it is crucial to advance the research and design highly damage-resistant composites. This article provides such insight by analyzing the nanofiber toughening effect on three different levels for several nanofiber types. Only by combining the results from different levels, a thorough understanding can be obtained. These levels correspond to the hierarchical nature of a composite: the laminate, the interlaminar region, and the matrix resin. It is found that each level corresponds to certain mechanisms that result in a toughening effect. The bridging of microcracks by electrospun nanofibers is the main toughening mechanism resulting in damage resistance. Nevertheless, the way in which the nanofiber bridging mechanism expresses itself is different for each scale and dependent on parameters linked to a certain scale. The multiscale analysis of the toughening mechanisms reported in this paper is therefore crucial for understanding the behavior of nanofiber toughened composites, and as such allows for designing novel, damage-resistant, nanofiber-toughened materials.

An Approach for the Development and the Validation of Generic Simulation Models for Crash-Compatibility Investigations

Global emission targets and high fuel costs encourage manufacturers to produce ultralight vehicles. This and the low range of electric cars have resulted in new vehicle concepts and reuse of the quadricycles classification for microcars in Europe.

Considering Regulation of Small Unmanned Aerial Systems in the United States

The regulation of small unmanned aerial systems, in the United States, currently consists of a narrowly defined exemption for hobbyists and a general ban, without special authorization, for all commercial and most other activities. Recent challenges to the FAA's authority to regulate small UAS have raised interesting legal questions. This paper examines the basis for such regulation and proposes a way forward analogous to the use of free balloons and ultralight vehicles. It is proposed that small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) not require registration, pilot certification or licensing. Instead, a regime for limiting harm from their operations through design requirements (to qualify for the registration/certification/licensing exemption) and a code of conduct is proposed. This regime, which would apply to all prospective uses of this class of craft (hobbyist, educational, scientific, commercial, etc.), is presented and evaluated through the consideration of several case studies.

Flight Loads of Mini UAV

Designing and building of the unmanned aircraft, especially light and ultra light vehicles, is mainly performed using the experience gained when constructing the flying models. There have not been uniform principles of building and exploiting of the mini and micro UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) in the form of regulations similar to those for manned airplanes. The unmanned vehicles of these classes in terms of their abilities and attractive price are more frequently exploited using the same air area as manned airplanes performing missions over the inhabited areas. An urgent necessity arises to work out the norms of flight suitability of the mini and micro unmanned aerial vehicles. The work contains the analysis of suitability of the current aviation regulations to determine the requirements for the mini unmanned vehicles. The work concentrates on the phenomenon of determining the symmetrical loads from the maneuvers and the turbulence atmosphere. The result of this analysis is the Limit Maneuver Envelope, Limit Gust Envelope and Limit Combined Envelope for mini UAV. The analyzed flight states allowed selecting the so called design cases which can become a basis for determining the norms of loading of mini unmanned aerial vehicles which can constitute the beginning of the regulations for building of the unmanned aerial vehicles of this class.

초경량항공스포츠 사고 분석 및 안전 강화 방안

The purpose of this study is to present useful materials for the safety education and foster development of ultrallight air sports, and take root safety flying culture by finding the methods to safety operate ultralight vehicles. This study is analyzed ultralight air sports accidents which occurred during the 2002 year to the october of the 2009 year. The results were as follows: The half of ultrallight air sports accidents were fined to be nearly the fatal injury, and most of accidents was bring about personal factors. As we conclude that the safety intensification plan such as follows in ultralight air sports; first, the safety awareness is to be improved, and the system of safety management is to be constructed. second, the operational environment of ultralights air sports to be improved. third, the educational system is to be managed organically, and the program of safety education is to be built.

Solos micro metro

Journal of Advanced TransportationVolume 32, Issue 1 p. 107-128 ArticleFree to Read Solos micro metro Jim Kor, Jim Kor Jim Kor is at KOR Product Design Inc. in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.Search for more papers by this author Jim Kor, Jim Kor Jim Kor is at KOR Product Design Inc. in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.Search for more papers by this author First published: 19 January 2010 https://doi.org/10.1002/atr.5670320110 AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Volume32, Issue1Spring 1998Pages 107-128 RelatedInformation