Ultra-high Frequency Electromagnetic Fields Research Articles

Features of technological processing of seeds with an electromagnetic field of microwave before sowing

To increase the efficiency of crop production in the arsenal of the agronomic service there is a number of techniques, methods and technologies that reveal the potential of agricultural plants for all stages of production, starting with soil preparation, selection and preparation of seeds for sowing, agrotechnological measures during the growing season, harvesting technologies, storage and processing of products. The article presents the results of experimental studies on the use of the energy of ultra-high frequency electromagnetic fields for pre-sowing treatment of lupine seeds in order to increase their germination. Revealed the relationship between the parameters of microwave exposure and seed germination. The areas of modes where microwave treatment allows to increase germination, as well as areas of modes in which the impact does not reach the planned effect, or has a negative (depressing) effect, have been determined. Recommendations are given for ensuring the optimal modes of microwave processing and ensuring control of the parameters of the technological process. Based on the results obtained, it can be reliably asserted that the region of microwave treatment of lupine seeds, with a result exceeding the control values, is observed at exposure in the range from 50 to 60 s and at a specific microwave power of exposure from 1.0 to 1.17 kW/kg. The best result of an increase in germination by 1.5% was obtained at 60 s and 1.17 kW/kg. When treating seeds, it is recommended to maintain an average microwave heating rate of 0.50 °C/s until an average microwave heating temperature of 51.5 °C is reached.

Method of high frequency therapy at cows' mastitis during machine milking

Health of dairy cows ensures human health, so it is important that dairy products do not contain antibiotics that are used to treat any inflammation, including mastitis. In Russia at present, the problem of mastitis in cows exists with both attached and loose housing of cows. Mastitis of dairy cows are the great problem in milking husbandry. Losses from mastitis in milk yield can reach 15-20%. The main reasons for the occurrence of nonspecific mastitis of cows are the shortcomings of the working components of the milking machine: the degree of deterioration of the nipple rubber and the violation of machine milking technology (the reduction in pre-milking time and vacuum fluctuations account for 70% of all causes). Treatment of mastitis with antibiotics is effective, but not environmentally friendly and unacceptable. For the treatment of inflammation of the udder, it is necessary to use more environmentally friendly methods of treatment, one of which is the exposure to ultra-high frequency electromagnetic field tested by medicine. Use of three types of medical-mobile milking machines with the same method of exposure to ultrahigh-frequency electromagnetic fields on cow's nipples through electrodes in milking cups: LPDA-1-UHF, LPDA-2-UHF and LPDA-UHF-30 M, is described in the article. Author proved that cows with subclinical forms of mastitis recovered faster during milking with exposure to the ultrahigh frequency than when treated by antibiotics, and milking with the ultrahigh frequency device helps to recover 82% of the affected quarters with clinical forms and 100% of cows with subclinical forms of mastitis or with udder irritation. The high efficiency of the method of exposure to electromagnetic fields of the ultrahigh frequency during machine milking by means of medical-mobile milking machines LPDA-UHF for the prevention and treatment of mastitis of cows was shown.

Residential exposure to ultra high frequency electromagnetic fields emitted by Global System for Mobile (GSM) antennas and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis incidence: A geo-epidemiological population-based study

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease of unknown etiology. Mobile communication antennas have increased over the last few decades. Consequently, there has been a steady increase in environmental exposure to ultra high frequency electromagnetic fields (UHF-EMFs) emitted by Global System for Mobile (GSM) communication antennas, which raises concerns about possible health risks in the general population. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between residential exposure to UHF-EMFs generated by GSM antennas and the risk of ALS in general population. A geo-epidemiological population-based study was performed in Limousin (France). ALS incident cases were identified through a register (FRALim, 2000–2012 period). A model to estimate UHF-EMF exposure was developed based on the distance and the power of GSM antennas. Exposure to multiple emissions from multiple directions was considered. A non-cumulative and a cumulative model were established. A geographic information system integrated the raster model of exposure, and the residential distribution of observed and expected cases. A generalized linear model was performed to test the association. Overall, 312 ALS cases were included. We estimated exposures below 1.72 V/m in urban areas and below 1.23 V/m in rural areas for 90% of the population. A gradient effect between UHF-EMF exposure and ALS incidence was apparent with a statistically significant trend. A significant increased risk of ALS was observed between the non-exposure category and the highest exposure category, with a relative risk of 1.78 (95% CI: 1.28–2.48) in the non-cumulative model and 1.83 (95% CI: 1.32–2.54) in the cumulative model. Our results suggest a possible association between residential UHF-EMF exposure and ALS. Ecological studies are a means of generating hypotheses. Further studies are needed to clarify the potential role of EMFs on neurodegeneration.

Electromagnetic fields exposure assessment among workers at broadcast centers in Poland.

In the studies investigating the potential health effects of occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF), the key problem is the assessment of workers' exposure. Electromagnetic fields exposure assessment requires determining maximum EMF levels, for the acute effect, and the dose absorbed, for the cumulative effect. A study was undertaken to determine EMF exposure in workers at broadcasting centers (BCs) in Poland. It was the first part of a comprehensive project on health effects of occupational exposure to EMF. The study was conducted in 4 selected BCs. Spot measurements of electric field strength (E), and the results of E measurements that were made in the past for occupational hygiene assessments, were used for determining workers' exposure to electric field. The parameters considered were the maximum E value (Emax), the weighted average E value (Eavg) and the E lifetime dose (Elifetime dose). In the group of workers examined, the E values did not exceed 16.7 V/m for Emax (the occupational exposure limit (OEL) for work shift in Poland is 20 V/m), 2.9 V/m for Eavg and 1 500 000 (V/m)2×h for Elifetime dose. In view of the lack of dosimetry data, a retrospective assessment of BC workers' exposure to very high frequency and ultra-high frequency EMF was conducted, which made it possible to estimate EMF lifetime dose for the workers. Since the EMF exposure levels at BCs did not exceed the admissible values, they can be considered safe to the workers' health, according to the approach used for developing OELs for EMF exposure. Med Pr 2018;69(5):477-482.

Protective and damaging role of electromagnetic influences on biomembranes

The paper presents the results of studies of the effect of an alternating low-power electromagnetic field and light irradiation with monochromatic light from a laser source on the state of biological membranes. It was shown that the effect of these factors on the erythrocyte membrane causes a different effect andaffects its resistance differently, which is reflected in the change in the erythrogram of acid hemolysis in the experiment. It has been established that the action of an ultrahigh-frequency electromagnetic field leads to a decrease in the resistance of erythrocytes and an increase in the rate of lysis of red cells. Laserirradiation with a low-power helium-neon laser at low exposure increases the resistance of red blood cells to acid hemolysis. Increasing exposure reduces the effect noted. With simultaneous processing of blood samples by UHF (ultra high frequency electromagnetic fields) source and laser light, a significant decreasein the negative effect of the UHF field on the resistance of biomembranes is noted. Possible mechanisms of marked biological effects are discussed.

Оценка потребительских рисков при изготовлении малотоксичной фанеры

Currently, the use of wood plate materials (WPM) in various industries is steadily increasing due to a number of technological and economic advantages. Along with this, there is the improvement of methods of manufacturing and materials used for this purpose. One of the most commonly types of glue used for production of plywood as one of the types of WPM are urea-formaldehyde resins. In the manufacture of adhesive compositions based on them possible to use a wide range of sorbents that provide a variety of improved technological properties, such as adhesive, and the finished plywood. One of these properties is the level of free formaldehyde emissions from finished plywood, which directly affects to the possibility of its using in different rooms and characterizes the level of consumer risks in its operation. Scientifically it proved possible to reduce the level of emission of free formaldehyde from finished plywood with using of natural zeolite clinoptilolite treated in weak pulsed magnetic fields (SIMP) and ultra-high frequency electromagnetic fields (EMF microwave), as a sorbent of urea-formaldehyde resin filler in the manufacture of plywood for general using. This study evaluated the level of consumer risks in the operation of plywood manufactured with sorbent activated in SIMP and microwave EMF. In this paper describes the main influencing factors as well as the possibility of reducing calculation errors in consumer risk shows the feasibility of using a simplified calculation of constant values while respecting the basic influencing factors. Calculations of changes in con-sumer risk for saples of plywood manufactured with using sorbents, activated in SIMP and EMF microwave were made, established decrease by 25 and 33 % respectively.

ВЯЗКОСТНЫЕ И ОПТИЧЕСКИЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ ЩЕЛОЧНЫХ РАСТВОРОВ Na-КАРБОКСИМЕТИЛЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗЫ В ОБЛУЧЕННОЙ ЭЛЕКТРОМАГНИТНЫМ ПОЛЕМ ВОДЕ

It was established that low intensity exposure (1 W) ultra-high frequency electromagnetic fields (175–265 MHz) for the water leads to a change in its physical-chemical properties. It has been shown that a significant increase in the electric conductivity and pH of the water occurs at a certain frequency of the field (180, 210, 220 and 230 MHz) and the time of exposure – 3 hours, which is interpreted as a change in its supramolecular organization. A substantial reduction in the relative viscosity of a 0,2% alkaline solution of CMC-Na, prepared with water having been exposed to electromagnetic, it is most pronounced for the frequencies 210 and 220 MHz. The viscosity measurements were carried out in the temperature range 25–40 °C. The effect is maintained throughout the temperature range studied. From the temperature dependence of the viscosity is calculated activation energy of viscous flow. It established its decline compared with control samples. Showed a decrease in turbidity alkaline solutions Na-CMC, prepared on the water subjected to an electromagnetic field. The observed effects may be due to the more compact packaging of the macromolecules of the polymer due to the weakening of hydration as a result of the restructuring of the supramolecular structure of water under irradiation.

Immunorehabilitating Effect of Ultrahigh Frequency Electromagnetic Fields in Immunocompromised Animals

We observed immunorehabilitation effects of ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic fields (microwaves) in immunocompromised animals. It was shown that microwave irradiation of the thyroid gland area could abolish actinomycin D- and colchicine-induced immunosuppression and did not affect immunosuppression caused by 5-fluorouracil. These findings suggest that changes in the hormonal profile of the organism during microwave exposure can stimulate the processes of transcription and mitotic activity of lymphoid cells.

Rehabilitation of the patients presenting with oesophageal achalasia following balloon cardiodilation

The present study involved a total of 25 patients presenting with oesophageal achalasia who had undergone balloon cardiodilation. The complex of rehabilitative measures concluded the application of an ultrahigh-frequency electromagnetic fields (decimeter wave (DMW) therapy) to the collar region and general iodine bromide baths. The treatment resulted in the elimination of dysphagia syndrome during consumption of solid food in 80% of the patients. Simultaneously, the oesophagogastroscopic study revealed the improvement of the state of oesophageal mucosa. Moreover, the thyrotropin level was normalized. The positive effect of such rehabilitative treatment persisted during 6-8 months.

Oxidative stress effects on the central nervous system of rats after acute exposure to ultra high frequency electromagnetic fields

Mobile telephones and their base stations are an important source of ultra high frequency electromagnetic fields (UHF-EMFs; 800-1800 MHz) and their utilization is increasing all over the world. Epidemiological studies have suggested that low energy UHF-EMFs may have biological effects, such as changes in oxidative metabolism after exposure. Therefore, we have investigated the effect of acute UHF-EMF exposure on non-enzymatic antioxidant defense and lipid and protein oxidative damage in the rat frontal cortex and hippocampus. We have used malondialdehyde (MDA) and carbonyl assays to assess lipid and protein oxidative damages, respectively. No changes in lipid and protein damage, and also in non-enzymatic defense were found in frontal cortex or hippocampus. These results suggest that acute UHF-EMF exposure is not able to produce detectable oxidative stress in rats from any age tested. However, more tests using a longer period of exposure and evaluating other tissues are necessary to ensure that there is no health risk associated with the use of mobile phones.

A preliminary study on ultra high frequency electromagnetic fields effect on black locust chlorophylls

Chlorophylls were quantitatively studied in the leaves of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) seedlings exposed to electromagnetic fields of high frequency. Exposure system was designed and built up to make possible simultaneous exposure of seedling lots (3 months old) to low power density electromagnetic fields corresponding to a frequency of 400 MHz. After three weeks of daily exposures (1, 2, 3 and 8 hours), chlorophyll levels were measured using adequate spectral device. Statistical analysis of experimental results was performed by means of t-test to identify significant modifications induced by electromagnetic treatment in exposed samples in comparison to the control. Chlorophyll-a as well as chlorophyll-b level was found to decrease except the exposure time of two hours, where a considerable enhancement was noticed. It was revealed that the ratio of the two main types of chlorophyll was decreasing logarithmically to the increase of daily exposure time.

A RESTRAINT DEVICE FOR CATS IN AN ULTRAHIGH FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY FIELD

ABSTRACTA restraint apparatus for cats for use in ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic fields is described. It should also he useful in general psychophysiological experimentation with a variety of species. It basically consists of wooden dowel rods affixed to the cat and to a fixed bar parallel to the spine. It is simple, inexpensive, and well tolerated by cats in a variety of experiments.

Sensitivity of the rabbit's central nervous system to a continuous superhighfrequency electromagnetic field

Unilateral 5 min irradiation of rabbits with the ultrahigh-frequency electromagnetic fields caused various EEG changes in the majority of the animals. A graphic relationship was noted between the average latent period of EEG reactions of the bradyrhythmia-type and the flux density for the electromagnetic waves, 100 and 52 cm in length. The greatest sensitivity was manifested by the CNS of the rabbits to the fields with the wave length of 100 cm, a somewhat lower one—to the fields with the wave length of 52 cm, and the least—to the fields with the wave length of 12.5 cm.