Ultraviolet Irradiation Method Research Articles

A sandwich-structured ceramic-gel hybrid electrolyte to realize practical long cycle life Li-air batteries

Lithium-air batteries (LABs) have been regarded as the pinnacle of energy storage field owing to their ultrahigh energy density. However, most research focuses on lithium-oxygen batteries that work in pure oxygen instead of ambient air due to Li anode corrosion by the moisture in air atmosphere. Inspired by soft properties of gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) and dense structure characteristics of Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3 ceramic, a sandwich-structured ceramic/gel hybrid electrolyte is successfully constructed via ultraviolet-irradiation method in this work, in which Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3 ceramic is helpful in inhibiting Li anode corrosion while GPE is good at optimizing interface compatibility of electrolyte│electrode. The results show that the Li anode in LABs maintains metallic luster even after cycling in ambient air at 10–20% relative humidity (RH) for more than 100 h. Moreover, the interface resistance of Li symmetric cell is sharply reduced (from over 20 kΩ–1 kΩ), and it exhibits an ultralong lifespan (2000 h). Therefore, the lithium-air coin cell with this hybrid electrolyte has achieved more than 4-times the lifetime of that of conventional GPEs. A ‘3.5 cm × 3.5 cm’ pouch cell based on this hybrid electrolyte has also obtained an excellent cycle life of 750 h, further proving its application prospects in LABs.

The Effectiveness of Ultraviolet Based Methods Versus Other Novel Methods in the Disinfection of Escherichia Coli Found in Drinking Water : A Systematic Review

Summary : A total of 19 studies with different disinfection methods, primarily grouped into Ultraviolet (UV) only, combination and Non-UV, are selected to find the effectivity of UV disinfection compared to other novel disinfection methods in the inactivation of Escherichia coli (E. coli) present in drinking water. All methods chosen produce significant results regarding E. coli inactivation. Background : Drinking water is an essential part of life that everyone needs. Many drinking water sources are contaminated with E. coli. There are numerous disinfection methods, including UV irradiation. Author wants to find out which disinfection modality, UV irradiation or other methods, is more effective at inactivation E. coli found in drinking water. Objectives : To find the effectivity of UV disinfection compared to other novel disinfection methods in the inactivation of Escherichia coli present in drinking water. Method : Literatures from PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar published in 1990-2020 were searched using MeSH terms and the Boolean Logic ‘AND’, with the key words included being ‘Disinfection’, ‘Ultraviolet Rays’, ‘Drinking Water’ and ‘Escherichia coli’. Then these literatures were filtered according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Key data extracted from each finding included details of study design and duration of observation, type of water sample used, movement of water sample, water sample volume, comparison group, method of disinfection, source of disinfection, dose of disinfection, duration of disinfection, enumeration method of counting E. coli , type of E. coli, initial concentration of E. coli and outcome of concentration of E. coli after disinfection. Results : 19 studies were included in this systematic review. All studies shows significant decrease in E.coli concentration after disinfection. Conclusion : UV treatment could significantly reduce E. coli found in drinking water. Keywords : Drinking water, Escherichia coli, Ultraviolet, UV, Disinfection

Influence of aged and pristine polyethylene microplastics on bioavailability of three heavy metals in soil: Toxic effects to earthworms (Eisenia fetida)

Virgin microplastics (MPs) would undergo aging process when entering environment, the adsorption capability of pollutants onto MPs may change during the aging process. To better understand the influence of aged polyethylene microplastics (PE-MP) on the bioavailability of three heavy metals (Zn, Pb, and Cd) in soil, hydrogen peroxide exposure (3% H2O2) and ultraviolet irradiation methods were employed to simulate the aging process. After aging process, different amount (0.1%, 1%, 10%) of PE-MP (pristine or aged) was added into soil to assess the ability of soil (containing PE-MP) adsorbing heavy metal. Moreover, different amount (0.01%, 0.1%, 1%) of PE-MP (pristine or aged) was added into soil to cultivate the earthworms to assess the impact of PE-MP on bioavailability of three heavy metals. Results indicated that the aged and virgin PE-MP had similar capability to adsorb heavy metal, the adsorption ability of Zn2+, Pb2+, and Cd2+ to pristine PE-MP were 2.42, 7.47, and 7.76 mg/g, respectively. The concentration of Zn or Pb in earthworms in treatments of metal +1% PE-MP was slightly higher than that in single metal (Zn or Pb) treatment, moreover, the concentration of Cd in earthworms in treatment of Cd + 1% PE-MP was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that in single Cd treatment, exhibiting that 1% of PE-MP enhanced the bioavailability of heavy metals in soil. However, heavy metal concentrations in earthworms in treatments of metal + pristine PE-MP showed insignificant (p > 0.05) difference with those in treatments of metal + aged PE-MP, indicating that the aging process in this study did not change the environmental influence of PE-MP on heavy metals bioavailability. Superoxide dismutase activity, reactive oxygen species level, malondialdehyde content, and related gene expression in earthworms showed that PE-MP and heavy metals would bring toxic synergy to earthworms, therefore, the influence of MPs should be comprehensively considered when determining the environmental risk of heavy metals in soil.

A New Drug-Free Cancer Therapy Using Ultraviolet Pulsed Irradiation. PDT (PhotoDynamic Therapy) to PPT (Pulsed Photon Therapy)

Pulsed ultraviolet (UV) irradiation can be used to generate a broad UV-C spectrum. The pulsing nature of such a spectrum helps increase the damage to cancer cells, leading to their injury and death. In contrast, non-tumor cells repair the damage and survive the same pulsed UV irradiation energy. Herein, we describe the development of a pulsed UV irradiation method for cancer cell dysfunction that irradiates cells with pulsed light by generating tremendous instantaneous UV energy-tens of thousands of times greater than that generated by UV lamps-to cause specific cell injury and dysfunction of cancer cells. A newly developed pulsed ultraviolet irradiation device was used. Features of the device used in this study. This device employs a quartz discharge xenon lamp. Cultured tumor cells and non-tumor cells were irradiated with pulsed light at different irradiation doses, and their reactions were observed using optical, electron, and laser microscopes. Cancer cells have more FAS (CD95) receptor domains than non-cancer cells, and pulsed UV irradiation stimulates the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and OH, which exceeds the oxidative stress removal function, resulting in cell injury and death. That is, at low UV doses, only cancer cells underwent cell death, whereas non-cancer cells did not. The pulsed UV irradiation technique directly destroys cancer cells and minimizes the number of residual cancer cells while allowing minimum invasion into non-tumor cells, thereby improving their survival. This suggests the possibility of activating the host's local immune response to eliminate residual cancer cells. A newly developed pulsed UV radiation system shows potential for use in the development of a drug-free cancer treatment system that selectively kills tumor cells by irradiating them with high-intensity pulsed UV rays over a broad UV-C range of 230-280 nm.

Дезинфекция в общественных местах и транспорте как способ предотвращения распространения COVID-19

The article addresses to the epidemiological characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. It covers detailed features and ways of coronavirus infection spreading in public venues, factors that affect the viability of the Coronaviridae family viruses, and the infection after-effects for people. Methodological and technical means of processing public transport and crowded places in the context of the spread of coronavirus infection (COVID-19) analysis has been carried out. The assessment of inactivating effectiveness of the basic chemical groups of disinfectants (oxygen-active; chloactive; cationic surfactants) is presented. The features of air masses and surfaces disinfection by the ultraviolet irradiation method are described. Special aspects and factors influencing the installations quality are considered, recommendations for the use of UV emitters of various types are given. The given study presents the general concept and current requirements for disinfection measures in public venues and transport in the context of coronavirus infection spreading. Keywords: COVID-19, coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, disinfection, novel coronavirus infection, sanitary epidemic control measures, transport, public venues.

Antimicrobial Effect of Electrospun Nanofibers Loaded with Silver Nanoparticles: Influence of Ag Incorporation Method

The antimicrobial bioactivity of silver nanoparticles is well known, and they can be used widely in many applications, becoming especially important in the biomedical industry. On the other hand, the electrospun nanofibers possess properties that can enhance silver nanoparticle applicability. However, silver nanoparticle bioactivity differs depending on the loading of silver ions into electrospun nanofibers. This review is aimed at comparing different silver incorporation methods into electrospun nanofibers and their antimicrobial activity, discussing each procedure’s limitations, and presenting the most promising one. This review showed that the preferred techniques for incorporating silver nanoparticles were direct blending and ultraviolet irradiation methods due to their simplicity and efficient results. Besides, polyacrylonitrile nanofibers (PAN) have been the most reported system loaded with silver nanoparticles. Finally, independently of the technique used, silver nanoparticle-loaded nanofibers show high antimicrobial activity in all cases.

Facile synthesis of TiO2-ZnO-rGO nanocomposites for highly sensitive simultaneous determination of hydroquinone and catechol

In this paper, a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with TiO2-ZnO-reduced graphene oxide (TiO2-ZnO-rGO) nanocomposites was designed for the selective and simultaneous quantification of hydroquinone (HQ) and catechol (CA). The TiO2-ZnO-rGO nanocomposites were prepared by a simple ultraviolet irradiation method for the first time. In the process of ultraviolet radiation, the photogenerated electrons in TiO2 and ZnO were transfered into GO which was then reduced to form rGO. Benefiting from functional properties of different components and synergistic effect, the TiO2-ZnO-rGO nanocomposites exhibited excellent sensing performance for the selective and simultaneous determination of HQ and CA. Under the optimized conditions, the linear ranges for selective assay of HQ or CA in the existence of 40 µM of the respective isomer are 5–500 µM. The linear ranges for simultaneous assay of HQ and CA are obtained from 0.1 to 100 µM with the detection limits of 0.03 µM (HQ) and 0.05 µM (CA), respectively. The TiO2-ZnO-rGO/GCE also displayed excellent stability and satisfactory recovery when applied for real water samples analysis.

Study on patterned photodynamic cross-linking for keratoconus

PurposeThis study examined the patterned treatment of corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) for keratoconus to reduce the complications caused by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. By modifying the method of UV irradiation during the cross-linking process, cross-linking with a special structure is achieved, and the cross-linking effect is analyzed and compared to that of traditional cross-linking. By constructing an animal model of keratoconus, the process and effect of corneal cross-linking can be investigated more fundamentally. These studies provide valuable references for future cross-linking precision improvement and specialization. MethodBy injecting exogenous collagenase into the corneal stroma of rabbits, the balance between collagenase and collagenase inhibitor in the corneal stroma was disrupted, the collagen fiber structure of the cornea was broken to simulate the pathogenesis of keratoconus, and an animal model of keratoconus was thus constructed. Two custom cross-linking patterns were designed with reference to the cable dome structure, and these two special patterns were irradiated and cross-linked by a DMD chip. The cross-linking effect was evaluated by optical coherence tomography (OCT), corneal topography and corneal biaxial tensile tests. The experimental rabbits were divided into four groups: group A, cross-linking of the bird's nest structure; group B, cross-linking of the honeycomb structure; group C, cross-linking of the traditional spot structure; and group D, normal (without modeling and cross-linking). ResultFollowing collagenase treatment, the collagen fiber structure of the rabbit cornea was destroyed, the central thickness of the cornea was reduced, the mechanical properties of the cornea were weakened, and no keratitis, ulcers or haze occurred. After the three cross-linking treatments, the morphology of the cornea improved, the density of the stromal layer increased, and the mechanical properties were enhanced. For the improvement of keratoconus mechanical properties, the average relative difference (Δ) of the four outcome measures was 61.98% for bird's nest cross-linking versus keratoconus (Wilcoxon rank sum test, P = 0.024), 16.13% for honeycomb cross-linking versus keratoconus (Wilcoxon rank sum test, P = 0.025), and 21.07% for traditional spot cross-linking versus keratoconus (Wilcoxon rank sum test, P = 0.014). All these differences are statistically significant. ConclusionAll three methods of cross-linking can improve the morphology and tissue structure of keratoconus and significantly improve the biomechanical properties of the cornea. Among them, the corneal cross-linking of the bird's nest structure attains the best biomechanical properties, followed by the corneal cross-linking of the traditional spot structure and of the honeycomb structure. This suggests that similar or better cross-linking effects can be achieved by designing custom structures with less UV exposure. This provides a direction for future research on better and more accurate pattern cross-linking treatments.

In situ silver nanoparticle synthesis on 3D-printed polylactic acid scaffolds for biomedical applications

An ultraviolet (UV) irradiation-based in situ silver nanoparticle (AgNP) synthesis approach has drawn significant attention for functionalizing a great variety of biomaterials. Here, we designed an AgNP-functionalized 3D-printed polylactic acid (PLA) composite scaffold with a green physical approach by employing the UV irradiation (1, 2, and 3 h) method without using any reducing agent or heat treatments. In situ AgNP synthesis was performed under different UV exposure times. The zeta sizer analysis results demonstrated that AgNPs were highly monodisperse with the particle size of 20 ± 2.2, 30 ± 3.6, and 50 ± 4.8 nm under various UV light exposure times. In situ synthesis of AgNPs on 3D-printed PLA scaffolds significantly changed the surface hydrophilicity of the 3D-printed scaffolds. These results showed that UV irradiation-based in situ AgNP synthesis on 3D-printed PLA scaffolds can be useful in various biomedical applications, such as cell culture scaffolds, biosensors, and wound healing applications.

Advantage of treatment with intravenous laser blood irradiation in chronic tonsillitis

Laser therapy (LT), using the healing properties of low-intensity laser radiation (LLLT), has long occupied a strong position in modern medicine due to its unique efficacy, the absence of side effects and specific contraindications, as well as its simplicity and low cost. Moreover, the scientific and practical basis of LT is actively developing, new, more effective methods and equipment for their implementation are being developed. Microcirculation is one of the first to respond at the tissue level to the effect of LILI, its activation is universal for all organs and accompanies their restructuring associated with the intensification of the specific functions of cellular components. The development of disposable sterile light guides KIVL-01 made it possible to make this procedure absolutely safe and comfortable for the patient. In the 20s of the last century in Germany and a little later in Russia, the method of ultraviolet irradiation (UFO) of blood became widespread. Thus, the entire set of changes observed in ILBI should be considered largely as a systemic response. Laser radiation acts only as an external factor triggering the mechanism through the system of nonspecific regulation and maintenance of homeostasis.

Reprocessing of N95 masks: Experience from a resource-limited setting in India

ObjectivesDue to the surge in demand for N95 masks during the Covid-19 pandemic, and considering the situation in countries grappling with acute shortages of N95 masks, this study investigated the possibilities of decontamination and reuse of masks. MethodsThree N95 masks of different makes (A, B and C) were subjected to six decontamination methods: ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, isopropyl alcohol (IPA) dip, plasma sterilization (Sterrad®), ethylene oxide (ETO, 3M®), dry heat sterilization, and moist heat sterilization (autoclaving). The integrity of the N95 masks was assessed by measuring their particle filtering efficiency at particle sizes ranging 0.3–0.5 microns. ResultsAll the masks decontaminated with ETO and plasma sterilization retained over 95% particle filtering efficiency. Masks decontaminated using IPA dip and autoclaving showed a drop, and UV irradiation showed variations in particle size efficiency degradation after decontamination. ConclusionsPlasma sterilization is recommended for decontamination of N95 masks in low-resource settings. ETO is not recommended due to hazards associated with handling of ethylene oxide, although the filtering efficiency was retained. Since the UV irradiation method showed variations in results, evaluation of UV decontamination for N95 masks needs to be performed on a case-by-case basis.

In situ silver nanoparticle synthesis on 3D-printed polylactic acid scaffolds for biomedical applications

Abstract

Effect of Ultraviolet Exposure to the Cylindrica (L.) Beauv. Fiber Characteristics

This article explains usage of the ultraviolet irradiation method on Beauv cylindrical (L) imperata fibers as a new way of natural fiber treatment, based on the absorption of ultraviolet rays containing other elements that lead to lignin degradation, which enhances natural fiber strength. Using the ultraviolet exposed fiber method with intervals of 10, 20, 50, and 100 hours, each treatment was tested with scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectroscope. The authors found that the treatment resulted in an increase in the fiber’s tensile strength. The results of fiber treatment with 50-hour irradiation produced a fiber with a tensile strength of 130.2 MPa. Our method allows an increase in the AL2O3 element, which indicates an increase in fiber tensile strength of 130.2 Pa. An evaluation of the effectiveness of the new method can be seen in the scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectroscope test results. The Imperata Cylindrica (L) Beauv fiber surface roughness test results showed an increase in surface roughness to 1.47 μm resulting from the 50-hour ultraviolet treatment. With this roughness, the adhesion between the fiber and epoxy resin increases. This increased fiber tensile strength and surface roughness, as a result of ultraviolet light treatment, offers the potential for its use as a composite reinforcement.

All-room-temperature processed high flexibility resistive switching memory by ultraviolet-radioactive induction

Alumina-based materials are widely used in semiconductor industry due to the high reliability. However, they are usually employed as high-k gate dielectric rather than memory layer, and high temperature annealing process is also required to maintain the electrical characteristics. These factors enormously limit their further applications in new semiconductor devices such as new type non-volatile memory and flexible electronic devices. In this work, a one-step ultraviolet irradiation method was applied to rapidly achieve AlO–OH thin film at room temperature for flexible resistive memory. This flexible memory device shows satisfied electrical characteristics such as typical unipolar resistive switching behaviors, stable retention, good electrical reliability and mechanical endurance both in flat and bent states. Anion vacancies in AlO–OH layer were contributed to the formation of conductive filament. This technical route with low cost and efficient fabrication process paves a feasible way for developing flexible non-volatile memory and wearable electronics.

Removal of Acid Orange 7 dye from wastewater using combination of ultraviolet radiation, ultrasonic method, and MgO nanoparticles

Background: Industrial dyes are toxic and carcinogenic, therefore, they should be removed from wastewater. The aim of this study was to investigate the removal of acid orange 7 Dye from wastewater using ultraviolet (UV) radiation, MgO nanoparticles, ultrasonic method alone and in combination with each other. Methods: The effects of some factors such as temperature, pH, hydraulic retention time (HRT), UV power, and concentration of MgO nanoparticles on the removal of Acid Orange 7 dye from synthetic wastewater using different methods were investigated. Also, adsorption isotherms for MgO nanoparticles and kinetics for UV radiation were investigated. Results: The optimum HRT was 55 minutes while the temperature was not effective in dye removal using the ultrasonic method. Under optimum conditions for UV irradiation method (HRT = 70 minutes, UV power = 170 mW/cm2, and temperature = 10˚C), 58% of the dye was removed. However, under optimum conditions for MgO nanoparticles method (HRT = 15 minutes, temperature = 20˚C, and ratio of MgO nanoparticles to the initial dye concentration = 67.2), 82% of the dye was removed. By combining these methods, the dye removal efficiency was significantly increased. The combination of ultrasonic method and MgO nanoparticles had no significant effect on increasing the dye removal efficiency from wastewater. It was revealed that dye removal using UV radiation can be described by the first-order kinetics. Conclusion: According to the results, UV radiation has a synergistic effect on the dye adsorption process by MgO nanoparticles. Therefore, the combination of these methods can be effective for the removal of dye from wastewater.

Antimicrobial effect and toxicity of cellulose nanofibril/silver nanoparticle nanocomposites prepared by an ultraviolet irradiation method

The objective of this study was to synthesize a novel antimicrobial cellulose nanofibril/silver nanoparticle (CNF/AgNP) nanocomposite by an ultraviolet (UV) irradiation method and evaluate the toxicity of the nanocomposite to human colon cells. AgNPs coated on CNFs have an average size of ˜28 nm and exhibited a surface plasma resonance absorption peak at 402 nm. Coating AgNPs on CNFs interfered with the formation of intra-chain and inter-chain hydrogen bonds of cellulose. Moreover, the CNF/AgNP nanocomposite exhibited significant antimicrobial activities against two important food-borne pathogens, including Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Staphylococcus aureus. No apparent toxicity of the CNF/AgNP nanocomposite to Caco-2 and FHC human colon cells was observed, except when a high content of (≥500 μg/m L) of the nanocomposite was used for which a significant decrease of cell viability was observed. The nanocomposite’s toxicity was related to the content, size, and surface charge of UV-synthesized AgNPs on CNFs. These results indicate that the antimicrobial CNF/AgNP nanocomposite prepared by UV irradiation method can be potentially used as an active filler applied in food packaging materials.

The Enhanced Electro-catalytic Performance of Au@Pd Nanoparticles Self-assembled on Fluorine-Modified Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes for Methanol Oxidation

Au@Pd nanoparticles (NPs) with different atomic ratios (4:1, 1:1, 1:4) are synthesized via a simple one-step ultraviolet irradiation method, which are self-assembled on the surface of multi-walled carbon nanotubes modified by –F groups (HF−MWCNTs). The morphology, structure and composition of catalysts are characterized by ultraviolet visible spectra (Uv–Vis), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-angle annular dark-filed scanning TEM (HAADF-STEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results display Au@Pd (1:4) NPs have a clear core–shell structure. All of Au@Pd NPs can be uniformly dispersed on the HF−MWCNTs. Methanol oxidation performance of the catalysts is measured by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (i−t). Electrochemical tests indicate that Au@Pd/MWCNTs (1:1) catalyst exhibits the excellent electrocatalytic activity and best durability toward methanol oxidation in alkaline media, which is 4.4 times higher than that of the commercial Pd/C. This enhanced electro-catalytic performance could be attributed to uniform dispersion, synergetic effect of core–shell structure, strong metal-support interaction (SMSI effect) between –F functional groups and NPs. The –F groups can interact with Au and Pd atoms to form fluorine complexes, which change the electronic structure of Au and Pd atoms so as to enhance the activity and stability of the Au@Pd/MWCNTs (1:1) catalyst.

Environmental and Economic Features of Application of Various Methods of Disinfection of the Treated Sewage of a Holiday House

The types of wastewater of a holiday house are considered. The necessity of disinfection of the treated domestic sewage at house before their soil recovery is substantiated. The methods of disinfection of treated holiday house drainage are described: chlorination, ozonizing, ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, and their essence is revealed. Their advantages and disadvantages are listed. A comparative ecological characterization of the indicated methods of disinfection of sewage is given. Factors influencing the efficiency of disinfection of wastewater by these methods and on the economic indicators of processes are indicated. As a result of the environmental and economic evaluation of disinfection methods, a conclusion has been made in favor of the prospect of applying the UV irradiation method for disinfection of the treated wastewater from a holiday house.

Development of the Urushi Processing System by Ultraviolet Irradiation Method

Development of the <i>Urushi</i> Processing System by Ultraviolet Irradiation Method

Fabrication and properties of UHMWPE grafted with acrylamide polymer brushes

Osteolysis which is triggered by inflammatory responses to PE wear particles in the artificial hip joints is a serious issue. In order to prolonging the service life of artificial joints and endow the low tribological properties of the bearing surface of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), hydrophilic acrylamide (AM) was grafted onto the surface of UHMWPE powders with the method of ultraviolet irradiation (UV) and then the modified UHMWPE powders were hot pressed as the bulk materials. The tribological properties of modified UHMWPE were investigated under distilled water, saline, calf serum by sliding against stainless steel ball. The measurement of Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Energy different spectrometry (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicate that AM was successfully grafted onto the surface of UHMWPE powders by UV irradiation. The contact angle of UHMWPE is 95° which is higher than that of modified UHMWPE and the wettability of UHMWPE-g-AM is effectively improved. The tensile strength of modified sample decreases. The friction coefficient of modified sample is lower than that of untreated UHMWPE in aqueous lubricants during a long-term friction. The modified UHMWPE with the diameter of 58–75 μm has the lowest friction coefficient in calf serum which is about 0.075. The wear tests of knee joint moving simulator show that the pure UHMWPE has the highest wear rate, about 8 × 10−7 mm3(N · m)−1 and the wear rate of grafted UHMWPE decreases gradually water with the decrease of powder diameter. The sample with the 58–75 μm powder diameter has the lowest wear rate which is about 4.8 × 10−7mm3(N · m)−1 . The tribological properties of UHMWPE grafted with AM has been improved and the grafting hydrophilic PAM polymer brushes are helpful to form a lubricating film of water, which leads to the improvement of the lubricity.