Ultrahigh Frequency Electromagnetic Radiation Research Articles

Methodology for assessing the effect of ultrahigh-frequency electromagnetic radiation on the devices of a maintenance-free complex technical system

Methodology for assessing the effect of ultrahigh-frequency electromagnetic radiation on the devices of a maintenance-free complex technical system

Միկրոալիքային ճառագայթման հետ շփում ունեցող զինծառայողների կենսաբանական տարիքի և ծերացման տեմպի հարցի շուրջ / On the issue of biological age and the aging rate of the military personnel exposed to microwave radiation

The 21st century is characterized by the rapid development of radio­electronics, which has brought on and continues to bring on a natural increase in the number of people exposed to ultrahigh-frequency electromagnetic radiation during the production, testing, operation and repair of generators of such radiation. They have become extensively exploited in military affairs, meteorology, navigation, space and other scientific research. The problem becomes even more urgent due to the widespread use of equipment operating with the use of non-ionizing radiation in everyday life. For that reason, the problem of the impact of such radiation on the human body becomes urgent, depending on the time of exposure (the length of professional exposure to radiation). Currently, it has been established that the biological age and the aging rate are integral criteria for assessing the state of the human body working under the influence of a number of physical and chemical factors caused by microwave radiation. The study is targeted at developing scientifically substantiated preventive measures aimed at preserving the health and working capacity of this group of people. In this regard, the authors studied the aging rates of individuals (100 persons aged 18-27), professionally exposed to microwaves of non-thermal intensity. In the course of the study, changes in the value of biological age and the aging rate were analyzed depending on the calendar age and professional experience. The data obtained revealed the following patterns: slowing down of aging, which, apparently, could be considered as body response to microwave exposure; variations in the indicators of biological age and the aging rate, taking into account professional experience, which may indicate a certain process of adaptive restructuring of the body going on against the background of age-related changes and prolonged professional activity. In these individuals the so-called type of “health accumulation” is recorded. Based on the results of the study, specific recommendations have been developed to improve the health of people who are professionally exposed to non-thermal non-ionizing ultra-high-frequency electromagnetic radiation. «HAIKAKAN BANAK» DEFENSE-ACADEMIC JOURNAL 2023 © All Rights Reserved

RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS OF BUSINESS PROCESSES OF PASTA PRODUCTION BASED ON THE CONCEPT OF LEAN PRODUCTION AND THE USE OF SCADA TECHNOLOGIES

The article presents the results of the analysis of business processes of pasta production. According to the concept of lean production, types of losses during the production of pasta products were identified. Among the causes of losses are a high proportion of unregulated interruptions, cases of incomplete production in a shift, the presence of downtime due to technological equipment failures, and the laboriousness of manual operations. Taking into account the high importance of optimization of production business processes, emphasis is placed on the expediency of using lean production tools to eliminate losses. The standard SCADA system ‒ TRACE MODE with pre-developed functional schemes for processing grain into flour in the cross-platform Ramus system using CASE technologies was used to develop an automatic process control system. The description of the developed automatic control system for the technological process of flour disinfection using the energy of ultra-high frequency electromagnetic radiation is given. The proposed automatic technological process control system using a disinfectant will speed up and, accordingly, reduce the cost of production. a promising method of drying is proposed - with an infrared energy supply, which ensures obtaining a final product with high quality characteristics, reducing energy consumption and shortening the duration of the drying process. The use of silent heating elements will reduce the noise level at the enterprise; Modernization of technological equipment made it possible to ensure: the possibility of producing pasta products of higher quality; compaction of the structure of the semi-finished product and reduction of its fragility, while simultaneously increasing the strength limit of finished products by 20-25%; improvement of consumer properties, as well as sanitary and hygienic indicators of pasta products due to its pasteurization; decrease in moisture absorption and loss of nutritional value during storage.

The use of drinking mineral water and low-intensity electromagnetic radiation at an early stage of metabolic syndrome development (experimental study)

To reveal the features of adaptive metabolic development, light-optical and ultrastructural reactions under the combined action of drinking mineral water (MW) and low-intensity electromagnetic radiation (EMR) of ultrahigh frequency (UHF) at an early stage of development of the experimental metabolic syndrome. The study was performed on 28 non-linear male rats weighing 180-200 g. Animals of the experimental group on the background of a high-calorie diet received at first (from the 8th day of the experiment) a course of drinking sulfate MW (24 procedures), and after its completion - a course of low-intensity EMR UHF (12 procedures), daily, 2 minutes per lumbar region in the zone projections of the adrenal glands using the Aquaton-2 device (power flux density 1 μW/cm2, frequency 1000 MHz). Animals fed only a high-calorie diet served as controls; intact animals were also used. The objects of study were the liver, blood, thymus. Biochemical, histological, electron microscopic and morphometric research methods were used. The combined use of drinking MW and low-intensity UHF EMR contributed to the development of adaptive metabolic and regenerative processes: the level of glucose and high-density lipoproteins decreased in the blood, antioxidant activity clearly increased in the liver, the content of RNA, DNA and total protein increased, and the number of dystrophic and necrobiotic cells decreased. Strengthening of the processes of intracellular regeneration was manifested in an increase in the number of mitochondria, peroxisomes, as well as protein-synthesizing organelles - ribosomes and polysomes. Functional activity of the lysosomal system increased. The number of nuclei increased In thymus and specific activity of the thymocyte genome increased as well. The revealed effects were mainly due to the antioxidant, membrane stabilizing, detoxifying, and immunomodulatory effects of MW and UHF EMR. Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that the combined use of drinking MW and low-intensity UHF EMR can be very promising in the light of the development of new approaches to the treatment and prevention of metabolic syndrome in the early stages of its development. To optimize the adaptive-protective and compensatory processes, more adequate modes of combined exposure to MW and UHF EMR should be used.

Study of Sertoli cells and spermatogenic cells in rats with experimentally induced metabolic syndrome and after balneophysiotherapy

Introduction. Metabolic syndrome (MS) can cause impaired spermatogenesis and a decrease in sperm counts. However, the details of the effect of MS on developing spermatogenic cells remain unclear. Difficulties in solving this problem, the inconsistency of published clinical data, indicate the advisability of using experimental models to solve this urgent problem of andrology and reproductology.The study objective is to describe to investigate the specifics of the course of meiotic prophase I and the activity of the processes of phagocytosis and autophagy in Sertoli cells of rats with experimentally induced MS and in the course of therapeutic and prophylactic procedures during the development of experimental MS.Materials and methods. The animals were divided into three groups, each of which included four sexually mature male rats: 1st group – males fed a standard diet; 2nd group – males receiving a diet high in fat and fructose for 60 days; 3rd group – males with MS receiving sulphate mineral waters therapy, low-intensity ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic radiation therapy. Testicular cells were examined using light and transmission electron microscopy. For the first time in animals with MS, an immunocytochemical study of the peculiarities of chromosome synapsis in prophase I of meiosis was carried out on the basis of analysis of spread synaptonemal complexes of meiotic chromosomes and immunocytochemical analysis of Sertoli cells and spermatogenic cells in squashed preparations of seminiferous tubules. The parametric Student’s t-test and the nonparametric Mann–Whitney U-test were used for statistical data processing.Results. As a result of a histological study of the structure of the seminiferous tubules of animals of three groups, a statistically significant decrease in the indices of the spermatogenesis index in 2nd and 3rd groups compared to the control was revealed. Immunomorphologically, in the spread nuclei of primary spermatocytes of rats of the 2nd and 3rd groups, violations of the architectonics of nuclei, the formation of synaptonemal complexes fragments and circular synaptonemal complexes, numerous atypical inclusions were found. Signs of pachytene arrest were found in 40–50 % of spermatocyte nuclei. In the study of squashed cells preparations of the seminiferous tubules of rats of the 2nd and 3rd groups, signs of phagocytosed synaptonemal complexes were found in the cytoplasm of Sertoli cells, which were confirmed using antibodies to the SCP3 protein. Thus, evidence for the phagocytosis of degenerating primary spermatocytes by Sertoli cells has been obtained. In Sertoli cells, spermatocytes and spermatids, many autophagosomes are found, using LC3B protein marker. The presence of autophagosomes in Sertoli cells and spermatogenic cells in animals of these two groups was also confirmed by electron microscopy. In male rats of the 2nd group, significant disturbances in the structure of the pachytene nuclei were revealed. In the cytoplasm of Sertoli cells and spermatids of rats of the 2nd group, lipid droplets, numerous phagolysosomes containing cell detritus were revealed. Structural damage and phagocytosis of mitochondria were found in Sertoli cells and spermatocytes. Аutophagy in Sertoli cells were most distinctive in animals of the 3rd group.Conclusion. In male rats with experimental MS, significant disturbances in the structure of the nuclei of meiotic cells, a high content of primary spermatocytes with signs of pachytene arrest were revealed. The results obtained are in good agreement with the data of other authors, who revealed a decrease in the number of spermatozoa in the epididymis of rats and mice when modeling MS. It is assumed that the activation of autophagy is an important factor in supporting the viability of Sertoli cells and supporting the viability of germ cells in stressful situations, including MS. Apparently, autophagy is an adaptive mechanism that removes the remnants of apoptotic spermatogenic cells that are selected as a result of MS development.

Determination of the parameters of an ellipsoidal electrode tip for treating agricultural animals using UHF – therapy methods

The use of non-medicamentous means of treating farm animals presupposes the presence of not only an ultra-high frequency electromagnetic radiation generator but also a rectal emitter, which is directly inserted into the animal's rectum. The effectiveness of the treatment carried out using UHF therapy methods largely depends on the shape of the emitter tip. When choosing the external shape of the emitter tip in the form of half of an ellipsoid of revolution, it becomes necessary to optimize the parameters of this ellipsoid. The goal of optimization is to minimize the resistance force of the living tissue of the animal when a cylindrical emitter with a tip is inserted into the rectum.

The Effect of Ultra-high Frequency Electromagnetic Radiation on Cognitive Function and Sleep in Patients with Arterial Hypertension

The objective: of the work is to evaluate the influence of ultra high frequencies of electromagnetic radiation (EMF NMS) as an additional risk factor for the development of cognitive impairment in hypertension (hypertension).Materials and methods. 47 patients with AH at the age of 28–44 years (average age (30±5 years) were examined, they worked under conditions of excessive EMR NICH for a period of 4 to 22 years (average 15,0±5,9 years) and 46 patients with hypertension of the corresponding age and form of the disease (control group), which were not influenced by EHF EMF. Cognitive functions (CF) were determined using neuropsychological tests: the Ellis test (graphomotor function), direct and reverse repetition of digital series (successive functions), and cognitive function parameters on the Mini-Mental State Examination scale.Results. In patients with hypertension and the group, a decrease in motor, successive and graphomotor functions to the level of mild and moderate disorders was revealed. In group I patients, cognitive dysfunctions on the MMSE scale were revealed, their intensity was mild, but on average it was significantly more pronounced compared with group III patients (22,05±3,3 versus 26,2±2,2; р<0.001) at normal values of 28–30. Analyzing the results of the examination in men of group II, revealed significant changes from the CNS (motor functions were 8,2±0,4 points against 9,2±0,9 points in healthy men (р<0,05); successive functions, respectively 8,6±0,5 vs. 9,6±0,4 (р<0,05); graphomotor functions – 13,4±1,5, respectively, against 17±1,6 (р<0,05). The level of reactive anxiety in patients operating under conditions of microwave EMF was significantly higher (41,9±2 points versus 35,6 points; р<0,05) than in healthy men and patients in the comparison group. In patients of group I, sleep less than 6 hours was observed in 92% (including less than 5 hours in 38%); from 6 to 7 hours – in 8% of patients. In patients of group III, sleep duration from 6 to 7 hours was noted by 86%, 8 or more hours by 14% of the examined patients. Analyzing the quality of sleep (duration, nocturnal awakening, falling asleep, feeling brisk in the morning after awakening, having dreams), we obtained the following results: sleep disturbance among patients in group I was observed in 80%, whereas in patients in group III – only 35% (р<0,05). When comparing the results obtained in the surveyed group II men revealed a decrease in sleep duration and more common sleep disorders compared with healthy men and patients in group III.Conclusion. Thus, in patients with hypertension and healthy men, who are under the influence of ultrahigh frequencies of electromagnetic radiation for a long time, lesions of the nervous system in the form of impaired cognitive function with development of vascular dementia of mild degree were revealed. The correlation between the time of work under the influence of the ESA and the violations found.

VHF and UHF Electromagnetic Radiation Produced by Streamers in Lightning

AbstractIn this letter, we report simulation results of streamer propagation and collision that produce electromagnetic radiation in the very high frequency (VHF) and ultra high frequency (UHF) bands. The streamers are initiated in overbreakdown field conditions, 1.5Ekand2Ek, respectively, which may be found during the corona flash stage of negative leader stepping processes. We find that while streamer propagation produces stronger VHF radiation, the head‐on collision of streamers dominates UHF, and even higher‐frequency radiation. Analysis of the energy spectral densities obtained from different simulation cases shows that the total length and radii of colliding streamers, as well as the ambient field, are important parameters for the UHF radiation produced by streamer collisions. The larger those parameters are, the stronger UHF radiation produced. Finally, by comparing with the measured spectral magnitude of lightning field in the VHF range, it is found that there are probably 105–107 streamers involved during the lightning corona flash stage.

Metabolic and ultrastructural adaptation mechanisms during the primary prophylactic action of low-intensity electromagnetic radiation under normal and radiation conditions

Experimental studies have established that that low-intensity ultrahigh frequency (UHF) electromagnetic radiation (EMR) has a preventive effect under the action of radiation and other pathogenic factors, which manifests itself in the accelerated development of adaptation, in the predominance of anabolic reactions over catabolic ones, and in the strengthening of the body' structural reserves. At the same time, from the standpoint of studying the mechanisms of primary prevention, it is very important not only to identify the overall adaptation effect, but also to have an idea on the specific contribution of a physical factor used in the development of adaptation. To identify metabolic and ultrastructural adaption parameters under the action of low-intensity UHF EMR on healthy animals and to determine their stability (safety), by using a model of radiation exposure. The experiments were carried on 42 mature male rats weighing 180-200g. All the rats were divided into 5 groups: 2 experimental groups of 8 animals each for the comparative study of the specific features of adaptation developed under the preliminary action of UHF EMR in healthy animals and under radiation; 2 control groups of 8 animals each, and one intact group of 10 animals. The lumbar region (the area of the projection of the adrenal glands) was exposed to UHF EMP for 2 min daily (a cycle of 10 sessions). The animals were once irradiated at 2 Gy 60Co gamma ray doses, by using an Agat-R apparatus. The investigation objects were the liver, adrenal glands, testes, and thymus. The investigators used biochemical assays (the levels of RNA and DNA, antioxidant activity, specific activity in the thymocyte genome), transmission electron microscopy of adrenocorticocytes in the adrenal bundle zone and Sertoli cells in the testis. Mitochondria (number, average and total area, number of cristae) were morphometrically analyzed. The metabolic and ultrastructural adaption changes induced by UHF EMR in healthy animals were ascertained to be able to withstand the pathogenic effect of radiation and at the same time showed both stability (safety) and certain variability (plasticity) in their reactions. In this case, there were increases in the synthesis of nucleic acids and in the activity of the antioxidant system; there was also mitochondrial structural stability that was more manifested in the adrenocorticocytes in the adrenal bundle zone. At the same time, there was also a decrease in the intensity (magnitude) of a number of adaptive indicators, although by and large they were significantly higher than the level of control (the effect of radiation). Thus, the effect of UHF EMR on healthy animals contributed to the development of adaptive rearrangements in the organs studied. The essence of these changes was mainly the enhancement of synthetic reactions, as indicated by a larger amount of RNA and DNA, the activation of cellular and intracellular regeneration with the increased processes of hyperplasia of the mitochondrial cristae and the higher levels of ribosomes and polysomes. In addition, it can be assumed that the use of UHF EMR has laid the physicochemical foundations of its antioxidant action as conformational rearrangements in the membranes, which increased their structural stability. The findings are indicative of the increased level of morphofunctional reserves in the studied cells and tissues due to their increased bioenergetic and plastic potential. This study has provided new data that expand our understanding of the features of the development of adaptive mechanisms and the formation of the body's structural and functional reserves under the primary prophylactic action of low-intensity UHF EMR, by using the model of radiation exposure.

Tensorial computation of the intensity of UHF electromagnetic radiation within geometrical structures.

A tensorial method was used in computing the intensity of Ultra High Frequency(UHF) radiation within 2D and 3D geometrical structures. This was done based on the theoretical concepts of classical electromagnetism. Using a software program, “power estimator” the intensities at various distances from the source of radiation were obtained and it was found that shapes which are less geometrically homogenous exhibits high intensity values and that the maximum intensity value was observed within a cylinder to be 1534.70w/m² at 0.02m away from the source of radiation, while the minimum intensity value was observed in a circle at 0.10m away from the source to be 2.49w/m².

Effects of Electromagnetic Fields Modulated by Infralow Frequencies on the Production of Stem Cells

Experimental validation of the method for regulation of stem cell proliferation and differentiation is carried out. The method consists in exposure to ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic radiation, modulated by infralow frequencies with variable parameters. A specially designed programmer, setting up the parameters of exposure, is connected to the source of radiation. The zones of anatomical location of the red bone marrow of rats were exposed for 15 min to the amplitude-modulated electromagnetic radiation of ultrahigh frequency range. The parameters of exposure were determined in previous studies. The red bone marrow was collected from the sternum and head of the femur. The cellular composition of the red bone marrow was evaluated 1, 2, 3, and 6 days after the exposure. The optimal therapeutic mode of irradiation was then chosen, leading to stem cell activation with subsequent proliferation and differentiation into mature red bone marrow cells.

The ultrastructure of Sertoli cells and spermatogonia in the rats exposed to radiation under conditions of therapeutic and prophylactic application of low-intensity electromagnetic emission

it has been demonstrated in various experimental studies that radiation exposure produces a negative impact on the processes of spermatogenesis associated with the disturbances of the microcirculation processes in the testes and the development of cellular and intracellular disintegration expressed as destructive changes in the cells leading to their death. The objective of the present study was to detect the ultrastructural abnormalities in the cells of Sertoli and spermatogonia under conditions of their exposure to radiation and to identify the peculiarities of their regeneration under the influence of the therapeutic and prophylactic application of low-intensity ultra-high frequency (UHF) electromagnetic radiation (EMR) and low-intensity low-frequency magnetic field (MF). The experiments were carried out on 28 non-pedigree mature male rats with the body weight 180-220 g that were divided into four groups. The first study group was comprised of the animals exposed to radiation followed by the application of low-intensity ultra-high frequency UHF electromagnetic radiation EMR. The rats in the second study group experienced effects of radiation and low-intensity low-frequency MF. The animals of the third (control) group were exposed to radiation alone, and those comprising the fourth group 1 (only radiation exposure) were considered to be intact. The studies with the use of electron microscopy showed that the therapeutic and prophylactic application of low-intensity ultra-high frequency (UHF) electromagnetic radiation and low-intensity low-frequency magnetic field caused the decrease in the number and the severity of post-radiation defects in the treated cells together with the increase of the number and size of mitochondria as well as hyperplasia of ribosomes; moreover, it promoted cellular and intracellular regeneration. UHF electromagnetic radiation had a more pronounced stimulating effect on the regeneration processes as compared with low-frequency MF. Particularly active processes of intracellular regeneration evolved in Sertoli cells; they were manifested as the increase in the number and size of mitochondria, enhanced hyperplasia of ribosomes, and formation of polysomes and new membranes of the granular endoplasmic reticulum. In spermatogonia, intracellular regeneration was less pronounced than in the Sertoli cells but was accompanied by enhanced cell regeneration and a greater number of reserve stem/progenitor cells. The results of the present study provide a rationale for the possibility of the application of a low-frequency magnetic field and especially UHF electromagnetic radiation for the further development of the promising therapeutic and preventive technologies with a view to their introduction into routine clinical practice dealing with radiation-induced pathology.

DISORDERED REDOX METABOLISM OF BRAIN CELLS IN RATS EXPOSED TO LOW DOSES OF IONIZING RADIATION OR UHF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION

To investigate the changes of redox-state of mammalian brain cells as the critical factor of initiation and formation of radiation damage of biological structures in setting of continuous exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation or fractionated ultra high frequency electromagnetic radiation (UHF EMR) at non-thermal levels. The influence of low-intensity ionizing radiation was studied on outbred female rats kept for 1.5 years in the Chernobyl accident zone. The effects of total EMR in the UHF band of non-thermal spectrum were investigated on Wistar rats. The rate of formation of superoxide radicals and the rate of NO synthesis in mitochondria were determined by the EPR. After exposure to ionizing or UHF radiation, the levels of ubisemiquinone in brain tissue of rats decreased by 3 and 1.8 times, respectively. The content of NO-FeS-protein complexes in both groups increased significantly (р < 0.05). In the conditions of ionizing or EMR the rates of superoxide radical generation in electron-transport chain of brain cell mitochondria increased by 1.5- and 2-fold, respectively (р < 0.05). In brain tissue of rats kept in the Chernobyl zone, significant increase of NO content was registered; similar effect was observed in rats treated with UHFR (р < 0.05). The detected changes in the electron transport chain of mitochondria of brain cells upon low-intensity irradiation or UHF EMR cause the metabolic reprogramming of cell mitochondria that increases the rate of superoxide radical generation and nitric oxide, which may initiate the development of neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "The Chornobyl Nuclear Accident: Thirty Years After".

Ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic radiation modulates cardiac rhythm variability in volunteers

The objective of the present work was to study variability of cardiac rhythms developing under the influence of the 10 day-long course of low-intensity ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic radiation (UHF EMR). It was shown that the courses of UIHF EMR have corrective effect on the cardiovascular system of the volunteers, in the first place by means of reducing the level of centralization of the regulatory mechanisms. The intensity of the influence of this therapy on the cardiac rhythm variability depends on the number of treatment courses and the initial functional state of the volunteers. Moreover, low-intensity ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic radiation decreases the intergroup dispersion of the characteristics of cardiac rhythm variability in the volunteers of different groups.

The role of p38 protein kinase in mouse responses to low-intensity electromagnetic radiation of the centimeter range

The role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in regulating the cell responses to ultralow-intensity centimeter microwaves (8.15–18.0 GHz, 1 µW/cm2, 1 h) was studied in male BalbC mice. Mice were tested for the level of protein phosphorylation in the NF-κB (p65 and IKK), JNK, and IRF3 signaling cascades expression of TLR4 and stress-inducible heat shock proteins Hsp72 and Hsp90 in splenic lymphocytes and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and IL-10 in the blood serum. An inhibitor of the p38 signaling pathway (p38 inhibitor XI) was shown to reduce the sensitivity to ultralow-intensity ultrahigh-frequency electromagnetic radiation. This was evident from a decrease in radiation-induced activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, expression of Hsp72 and Hsp90 in splenic cells, and an accumulation of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-17, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) in the blood serum of irradiated mice pretreated with p38 inhibitor XI. However, p38 inhibitor XI did not attenuate the activation of the p38 and IRF3 signaling pathways and overexpression of TLR4 in splenic cells of irradiated mice. It was assumed that p38 mitogenactivated protein kinase is involved in regulating the nonspecific defense responses does not determine the murine sensitivity to ultralow-intensity electromagnetic waves of the centimeter range.

General physical picture of the effect of ultrahigh-frequency electromagnetic radiation on details from energetic polymers

Generalization of experimental results and mathematical models of the effect of ultra-high-frequency (UHF) electromagnetic radiation on details fabricated from energetic polymer materials are presented. Different types of phenomena in irradiated details are dependent on the size of the detail, free path radiation length in the material, absorbed energy, and rate of input of the radiant energy to the material.

The Effect of Ultra-High Frequency Electromagnetic Radiation on Reparative Osteogenesis and Angiogenesis under Transosseous Osteosynthesis

The Effect of Ultra-High Frequency Electromagnetic Radiation on Reparative Osteogenesis and Angiogenesis under Transosseous Osteosynthesis

Effects of chronic exposure to 950 MHz ultra-high-frequency electromagnetic radiation on reactive oxygen species metabolism in the right and left cerebral cortex of young rats of different ages

Purpose: To assess the effect of 950 MHz ultra-high-frequency electromagnetic radiation (UHF-EMR) on biomarkers of oxidative damage to DNA, proteins and lipids in the left cerebral cortex (LCC) and right cerebral cortex (RCC) of neonate and 6-day-old rats.Materials and methods: Twelve rats were equally divided into two groups as controls (CR) and exposed (ER), for each age (0 and 6 days). The LCC and RCC were examined in ER and CR after exposure. Radiation exposure lasted 30 min per day for up to 27 days (throughout pregnancy and 6 days postnatal). The specific absorption rate ranged from 1.32–1.14 W/kg. The damage to lipids, proteins and DNA was verified by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, carbonylated proteins (CP) and comets, respectively. The concentration of glucose in the peripheral blood of the rats was measured by the Accu-Chek Active Kit due to increased CP in RCC.Results: In neonates, no modification of the biomarkers tested was detected. On the other hand, there was an increase in the levels of CP in the RCC of the 6-day-old ER. Interestingly, the concentration of blood glucose was decreased in this group.Conclusions: Our results indicate that there is no genotoxicity and oxidative stress in neonates and 6 days rats. However, the RCC had the highest concentration of CP that do not seem to be a consequence of oxidative stress. This study is the first to demonstrate the use of UHF-EMR causes different damage responses to proteins in the LCC and RCC.

Changes in mitochondrial functioning with electromagnetic radiation of ultra high frequency as revealed by electron paramagnetic resonance methods

Purpose: To study the effects of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) of ultra high frequency (UHF) in the doses equivalent to the maximal permitted energy load for the staffs of the radar stations on the biochemical processes that occur in the cell organelles.Materials and methods: Liver, cardiac and aorta tissues from the male rats exposed to non-thermal UHF EMR in pulsed and continuous modes were studied during 28 days after the irradiation by the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) methods including a spin trapping of superoxide radicals.Results: The qualitative and quantitative disturbances in electron transport chain (ETC) of mitochondria are registered. A formation of the iron-nitrosyl complexes of nitric oxide (NO) radicals with the iron-sulphide (FeS) proteins, the decreased activity of FeS-protein N2 of NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase complex and flavo-ubisemiquinone growth combined with the increased rates of superoxide production are obtained.Conclusions: (i) Abnormalities in the mitochondrial ETC of liver and aorta cells are more pronounced for animals radiated in a pulsed mode; (ii) the alterations in the functioning of the mitochondrial ETC cause increase of superoxide radicals generation rate in all samples, formation of cellular hypoxia, and intensification of the oxide-initiated metabolic changes; and (iii) electron paramagnetic resonance methods could be used to track the qualitative and quantitative changes in the mitochondrial ETC caused by the UHF EMR.

Use of ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic radiation for the treatment of lipoid necrobiosis in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Use of ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic radiation for the treatment of lipoid necrobiosis in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus