Ukrainian Sample Research Articles

Determinants of health among Ukrainian refugees in Germany: comparison with other refugee groups

Abstract Background 6.5 million Ukrainian refugees have been displaced globally since 2022, with 1 million seeking asylum in Germany. Little is known about the health determinants for this group, limiting the evidence base for policy intervention. Methods We use a nationally representative survey of adult Ukrainian refugees in Germany (IAB-BiB/FReDA-BAMF-SOEP study; n = 5943), conducted in 2023, to analyse the effect of sociodemographic, pre-migration (experienced war intensity, traumatic experiences) and post-migration factors (time since arrival, accommodation, social networks) on self-rated health using multiple logistic regression. We contrast these findings with estimates of identical models obtained from a subset of the IAB-BAMF-SOEP-sample of non-Ukrainian refugees within one year of arrival (n = 1195). Results In the Ukrainian sample, post-migration factors are particularly critical for health, with those experiencing discrimination (OR 1.83; 95%CI: 1.51,2.21) and social isolation (OR: 2.70; 95%CI: 2.23, 3.28) affected by ill health, while those with high German proficiency (OR 0.34; 95%CI: 0.18, 0.64) and contact with Germans (OR: 0.66; 95%CI: 0.53,0.83) are protected. Pre-migration factors do not affect self-rated health. Among refugees from other countries of origin, post-migration factors are not associated with health within the first year of arrival, with exception of social isolation (OR: 2.03; 95%CI: 1.32,3.13). Discussion Despite the EU Temporary Protection Directive, the health of Ukrainian refugees in Germany is shaped by adverse post-migration circumstances. While other refugee groups may have had riskier escape journeys and worse arrival conditions, this is unrelated to self-rated health in the first year. This underscores the importance of considering pre-migration contexts when evaluating subjective health. Outreach services, communication campaigns and the expansion of medical interpreting services are needed to ensure access to the health system. Key messages • Despite the EU Temporary Protection Directive, the health of Ukrainian refugees in Germany is shaped by adverse post-migration circumstances. • Outreach services, communication campaigns and the expansion of medical interpreting services are needed to ensure access to the health system.

Development and validation of the caregiver-report version of the international grief questionnaire (IGQ-CG): Results from a Ukrainian sample of parents.

The International Grief Questionnaire (IGQ) is a self-report measure of ICD-11 Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD) in adults. This study sought to develop and validate a caregiver-report version of the IGQ for children and adolescents aged 7-17 years; the IGQ-Caregiver Version (IGQ-CG). 639 parents living in Ukraine provided data on themselves and one child in their household as part of the "The Mental Health of Parents and Children in Ukraine Study: 2023 Follow-up" study. The latent structure of the scale was tested using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), while convergent validity was assessed through associations with other mental health correlates. Prevalence rates of probable ICD-11 PGD were estimated. CFA results supported a correlated two-factor model ('core' and 'associated' symptoms) and the internal reliability of the scale scores were acceptable. Convergent validity was supported through significant correlations with internalizing symptoms, while contact with the deceased, time since bereavement, and parental PGD were associated with higher scores on the IGQ-CG latent variables. The prevalence of probable ICD-11 PGD was 1.4%, and amongst those with a lifetime bereavement, the conditional rate was 3.2%. The IGQ-CG produces reliable and valid scores for ICD-11 PGD symptoms in children and adolescents as reported by their caregivers.

PECULIARITIES OF BODY IMAGE INFLUENCE ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE IN INDIVIDUALS WITH HIGH AND LOW LEVELS OF PHYSICAL

The article discusses the peculiarities of the influence of body image on the quality of life in individuals with high and low levels of physical perfectionism. The analysis of scientific literature shows that today, satisfaction with one’s appearance and a healthy body image are among the key aspects of the psychological and physical health of a modern person. In our study, we define the concept of “body image” as a person’s perception of his or her body, not only in terms of appearance and the degree of its attractiveness. It is also a set of ideas about one’s physical abilities, health, body endurance, etc. By the term “physical perfectionism” we mean a system of personal beliefs and attitudes related to a person’s appearance: increased concern and dissatisfaction with one’s appearance, the desire to meet high body standards, to achieve the best results in the struggle for an ideal figure, as well as a painful attitude to any critical remarks about one’s appearance. To test the theoretical construct of those psychological features that determine the specifics of the impact of body image on the quality of life in individuals with high and low levels of physical perfectionism, we used diagnostic tools, namely: Physical perfectionism scale (A. B. Kholmogorova, A. O. Dadeko, adaptation on the Ukrainian sample by M. I. Babchuk); The Situational Body Image Dissatisfaction Inventory (SIBID) (T. Cash); Body Image Influence on Quality of Life (BIQLI) (T. Cash). The next step was a differential psychological analysis of the results obtained, which consisted of: first, grouping the subjects by qualitative and quantitative combination of indicators of physical perfectionism, and second, studying the personality traits inherent in the representatives of the selected groups. Subsequently, on the basis of the constructed profiles, the psychological characteristics of individuals from the selected groups with high and low levels of physical perfectionism were compiled and described.

ETHNOCULTURAL STUDIES OF ORTHOREXIA NERVOSA

The article presents an overview of the ethnocultural plane of the phenomenon of orthorexia nervosa ON (as a pathological obsession with healthy nutrition). The aim of the article is to make a meta-analysis of ON studies in different countries of the world and to create it’s causal model on the Ukrainian sample. The Western trend towards a healthy lifestyle (healthism) and healthy eating attracts the attention of researchers in other cultures. Modern studies of orthorexia nervosa on samples in China, India, Turkey and other countries of the East and Asia emphasize that orthorexia nervosa is diagnosed there as well. Deepening cultural studies of ON is a necessary direction. The study of orthorexia nervosa on the Ukrainian sample presented in the article at the beginning of 2024 showed the presence of orthorexia nervosa in most of the sample (using ORTO-15). In addition, the sample (77 respondents) was segmented by types of nutrition (vegetarianism, intermittent fasting, proper nutrition, intuitive nutrition, and others), and the average value of orthorexia was estimated in each subsample. This made it possible to establish the presence of ON in all subsamples, except for respondents who preferred the use of drugs for weight loss. The article analyzes the influence of socio-demographic factors on ON, from which the most influential ones are selected by structural equation modeling (SEM) method. A causal model of the relationship between various factors and orthorexia was created (an assessment of its quality and an interpretation of the parameters as well). The causal model confirmed that the type of diet and orthorexia have almost a quarter of the common variance, and women are also more likely to have this diagnosis. Attitudes toward food (e.g., food is pleasure; "fuel" for the body; a tool for maintaining beauty and health; or other) are correlated 15% with type of diet. The presence of the experience of experiencing ED in the past is almost a quarter interrelated with the attitude towards food.

Perception of Emotions and Colours Among Ukrainians

The study presents research results on the associative connection between emotions and colours among Ukrainian-speaking and non-Ukrainian-speaking Ukrainians. It aims to confirm or refute the constancy of associations between the ten differential emotions identified by C. Izard and different colours, as well as the specificity of the relationship of these associations for the Ukrainian-speaking audience compared to the non-Ukrainian-speaking one. The survey questionnaire comprised a socio-demographic section, which incorporated a query regarding the language that the respondents learned to speak initially. The methodology was based on the free association method, where the stimulus material consisted of the names of ten specified emotions, and the respondents were expected to provide the colours that came to mind first. The study involved 127 participants aged between 18 and 60, of whom 109 were female and 18 were male. The study showed a constant associative relationship ratio between emotions and colours. In contrast, this ratio's specificity in the Ukrainian sample was not supported compared to the non-Ukrainian sample. This finding highlights the need for further research into the influence of language, culture, and individuality on colour perception in modern conditions. The second result shows that some emotions have more associative colours than others, indicating the existence of emotion colour attributes. It allows for the analysis of the uniqueness of each individual's experience of different emotions.

P12 Unjustified use of antibiotics in wartime conditions in Ukraine

Abstract Background The Ministry of Health of Ukraine reported that every second patient who takes antibiotics does not need such treatment, and every third uses them for viral diseases. In Ukraine, during the war, there has formed a resonance between the availability of broad-spectrum antibiotics and their belonging to the non-recommended category according to the AWaRe classification 2023. Therefore, the fight against antibiotic resistance continues to be a leading task of modern medicine. Objectives To investigate the expediency of use of ceftriaxone/levofloxacin among Ukrainian and foreigners settled in Ukraine. Subjects and methods A total of 180 (55% Ukrainians, 45% foreigners) responders were examined by questionnaire for ceftriaxone/levofloxacin use over 1 year with specification of reasons, expediency of use, possible reason for cancellation/replacement of antibiotic therapy and preventable usage cases. Results The sample included 63.9% women, 36.1% men, average age 18–25 years. The incidence of ceftriaxone/levofloxacin use was 58.97% among foreigners versus 12.74% among Ukrainians (P<0.001). The antibiotic use by physician’s prescription occurred among 28.3% foreigners and 92.3% Ukrainians (P < 0.05). The frequency of antibiotic use due to microbiological confirmation was significantly lower among foreign responders: 13.05% versus 76.9% in Ukrainians (P < 0.01). The reasons for choice of ceftriaxone/levofloxacin in the Ukrainian sample were acute respiratory infections 46%, fever 7.8% and diseases of bacterial origin 84.6%. At the same time foreigners used antibiotics for acute respiratory infections 41.3%, fever 19.7% and diseases of bacterial origin 63.1%. The analysis found that antibiotic use for ‘prophylaxis’ (mainly for viral diseases) was 2.95% among Ukrainians and 32.05% among foreigners (P<0.05). The predominant reasons for cancellation/replacement of antibiotic therapy, such as allergic reactions and antibiotic-associated diarrhoea, were found in 67.4% of foreigners and 7.69% of Ukrainians (P<0.05). Conclusions The lack of antibiotic prescription on the basis of microbiological confirmation, self-limited choice of antibiotics and unreasonable use for diseases of non-bacterial origin can be factors that promote multiple resistance in future and complicate the natural clinical course of most common infectious diseases.

How Ukrainians Perceive Emotions and Colours: An Analysis of Specific Features

The study presents research results on the associative connection between emotions and colours among Ukrainian-speaking and non-Ukrainian-speaking Ukrainians. It aims to confirm or refute the constancy of associations between the ten differential emotions identified by C. Izard and different colours, as well as the specificity of the relationship of these associations for the Ukrainian-speaking audience compared to the non-Ukrainian-speaking one. The survey questionnaire comprised a socio-demographic section, which incorporated a query regarding the language that the respondents learned to speak initially. The methodology was based on the free association method, where the stimulus material consisted of the names of ten specified emotions, and the respondents were expected to provide the colours that came to mind first. The study involved 127 participants aged between 18 and 60, of whom 109 were female and 18 were male. The study showed a constant associative relationship ratio between emotions and colours. In contrast, this ratio's specificity in the Ukrainian sample was not supported compared to the non-Ukrainian sample. This finding highlights the need for further research into the influence of language, culture, and individuality on colour perception in modern conditions. The second result shows that some emotions have more associative colours than others, indicating the existence of emotion colour attributes. It allows for the analysis of the uniqueness of each individual's experience of different emotions.

Craniological analysis of the muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) from different river basins of Ukraine

The paper presents the results of a comprehensive craniological analysis of muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus Linnaeus, 1766) from five river basins of Ukraine: Dnipro (Lower Dnipro, Kherson Oblast), Snihurivka (irrigation canal, Mykolaiv Oblast), Danube (Lower Danube, Odesa Oblast), Dnister (Middle Dnister, Lviv and Ternopil oblasts), and Donets (Siversky Donets, Luhansk and Kharkiv oblasts). In total, 72 skulls were analysed using methods of traditional and geometric morphometrics. The craniometrical analysis included 14 measurements that describe general dimensions of the skull and its elements, whereas shape analysis was carried out separately for the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the skull and the buccal surface of the left mandible. The study revealed that muskrats from the Donets basin have the smallest skulls, whereas the other four samples greatly overlap. According to the results of multivariate analyses (PCA, CVA), the length and height of the mandible contribute the most into the differentiation of the samples. Geometric morphometrics showed that the most important distinguishing features include the shape of the nasal and parietal bones on the dorsal side, and of structures mainly related to the diastema and proximal part of the hard palatine on the ventral side. The most significant differences between the five samples, however, depend on the shape and relative orientation of the elements of the ascending ramus of the jaw—the coronoid, condylar, and angular processes, as well as the shape of bights between them and of the adjacent curvatures on the dorsal and ventral sides of the ascending ramus. The revealed features allow suggesting that the main contributing factors into the variation of geographically distinct populations include diet and feeding adaptations on the one hand, and possible spatial relationships and origin on the other. The Ukrainian sample also notably differs from muskrats from geographically distant regions by the mean values of several craniometrical characters, also indicating that animals in areas of secondary introduction have smaller cranial dimensions.

Adaptation of the «Physical Resilience Instrument for Older Adults (PRIFOR)» on the Ukrainian sample

Introduction. The study of the phenomenon of resilience as the individual's ability to recover is extremely relevant due to the full-scale war, which causes chronic stress, emotional and physical trauma, etc. That is why psychologists face the need for a deep and detailed study of the features of resilience as an important ability to recover after stressful and traumatic events. Aim: to adapt the «Physical Resilience Instrument for Older Adults (PRIFOR)» (Fang-Wen Hu, Cheng-Han Lin, Fang-RuYueh, Yu-Tai Lo & Chung-Ying Lin) to the Ukrainian sample, to check the instrument statements' reliability and discrimination as well as to carry out validation and standardization of its scales on the Ukrainian sample. Methods. To check the instrument's convergent validity, standardized the following questionnaires were used: «Personal Resources» (O.V. Savchenko, S.A. Sukach); «Conor-Davidson Stress Resistance Scale (CD-RISC-10)» (adapted by N.V. Shkolina, I.I. Shapoval, I.V. Orlova, I.O. Kedyk, and M.A. Stanislavchuk); «Learned Resourcefulness» (adapted by B.V. Biron). Results: The «Physical Resilience Instrument for Older Adults (PRIFOR)» by Fang-Wen Hu, Cheng-HanLin, Fang-Ru Yueh, Yu-Tai Lo & Chung-Ying Lin" was successfully adapted to the Ukrainian sample and standardized, as well as the test norms were developed, which makes it possible to use the Instrument for the analysis of the general index and individual scales of individuals' resilience. Conclusions. The Ukrainian version of the «Instrument for the Study of Resilience (IDR-14)» can be helpful for psychological assessment of and planning of work with military personnel and individuals who need recovery after stress, illness and mental and physical injuries.

Impact of access to housing on mental health and coping amongst Ukrainian refugees in England

Abstract Background Though the link between war-related trauma and poor mental health is well-established, less is known about stressors due to prolonged displacement, and how these relate to mental health. As the numbers of forcibly displaced persons rise worldwide, the associated mental health burden represents an urgent public health need. This qualitative paper explores housing-related stressors amongst adult female Ukrainian refugees England, mental health impacts, and coping responses. Methods We draw on 40 semi-structured interviews: 30 with Ukrainian refugee women, 10 with stakeholders (council staff, mental health professionals, staff/volunteers at relevant charities). Thematic analysis identified macro- and micro-level factors impacting housing access, perceived mental health and coping. Results Most of the Ukrainian sample were provided with housing for an initial 6 months. Facing the pervasive shortage in council housing, many were attempting to transfer into rented accommodation at interview time. These efforts were hindered by a lack of employment history, discrimination from landlords, and the language barrier. Interviewees linked these issues to high stress levels and deteriorating well-being, adding to their anxiety over the ongoing war. Coping centred on support-seeking (reaching out to councils, charities, other Ukrainians), distraction (exercise, volunteering), problem-solving (taking a methodical approach to problems), and cognitive restructuring (focusing on the positive). Conclusions Ukrainian refugees face significant barriers in accessing long-term housing in England, forcing some to choose between insecure housing and returning to a war zone. This bind has compounded mental health issues attributed to the trauma of leaving Ukraine and the ongoing war. Though refugees took an active approach to coping with housing hardships, resources to support the transition to long-term housing is necessary to better safeguard their mental health from further harm. Key messages • Ukrainian refugees face significant barriers in accessing housing in England, forcing some to choose between insecure housing and returning to an active war zone. • Participants linked barriers to accessing housing to high stress levels and a deterioration of well-being, compounding trauma from fleeing Ukraine and anxiety over the ongoing war.

"The war is here!" anxiety, trauma centrality, and the mediating role of daily stressors in Romanian and Ukrainian civilians.

The present study investigated the level of anxiety among Ukrainian and Romanian civilians brought about by the war that started in Ukraine on February 24, 2022, using a model for the impact of traumatic experiences. We aimed to test the mediating effect of daily stressors on the relationships between trauma centrality and anxiety. The research was conducted on a sample of 720 people (24.3% males and 75.7% females, Mage = 35.61, SD = 12.59). Participants were civilians who lived either in Ukraine or outside Ukraine but at a maximum distance of 100 km from the border when the conflict started. They filled out questionnaires that measure anxiety, trauma centrality-indicating how central an event is to an individual's identity and life story, and daily stressors-predisposing factor for negative mental health outcomes. The outcomes highlighted the direct relationship between trauma centrality and anxiety, but also the mediating effect of daily stressors on the aforementioned relationships (in the overall sample, Ukrainian sample, and Romanian sample). Our research also underlined that there are significant differences in anxiety levels between people who have children and those who do not (in the overall sample and the Ukrainian sample, but not among Romanian civilians). The present work contributes by enhancing knowledge about the relationships between trauma centrality, daily stressors, and anxiety within a war context, and the particularization of Carlson and Dalenberg's model (2000) in the context of the Russo-Ukrainian war. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Psychological characteristics of young men with Internet addiction: A cross-cultural study

Today’s youth actively use the Internet, which increases the risk of developing addiction, and thus raises the issue of investigating its factors to prevent the problem promptly and provide effective psychocorrection. The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychological predictors of Internet addiction among young people. The study was based on a comparative analysis of Ukrainian and Chinese samples. The Internet Addiction Test by K. Young was used to identify the formation of Internet addiction; the Big Five Personality Inventory NEO-FFI and the Beck Depression Inventory were used to diagnose psychological characteristics; respondents were also offered a questionnaire that included questions about demographic data and current situation. It was found that in the Ukrainian sample, 36.3% of respondents have a moderate or severe degree of Internet addiction, while in the Chinese sample, this share is 31.3%. Differences in personal predictors of Internet addiction have been found: the level of Internet addiction among Ukrainian youth is positively correlated with depression, neuroticism, and the impact of war, while it is inversely related to extraversion and conscientiousness. In the group of Chinese youth, only the neuroticism scale correlates with Internet addiction. The comparison showed that the level of depression among young people with Internet addiction in both countries is significantly higher than among young people without signs of addiction. There are significant differences between respondents in Ukraine and China on the scales of neuroticism, conscientiousness, extraversion, and most notably, openness. It was found that Ukrainian youth are characterised by higher levels of neuroticism and openness and lower levels of extraversion and conscientiousness compared to Chinese youth; no differences were found in terms of Internet addiction and depression. The study established that the common factor of Internet addiction among young people in both countries is depression; cultural differences and environmental factors lead to the fact that the predictors of addiction are different personality traits of young people. The practical significance of the study is that its results provide a better insight into the goals of influence in planning the prevention and psychocorrection of youth Internet addiction.

Impact of the war in Ukraine on resilience, protective, and vulnerability factors.

War or armed conflict is one of the most severe human-made adversities. The current study examines the resilience, protective, and vulnerability factors of a sample of Ukrainian civilians, during the current Russian-Ukrainian war. The level of resilience and coping indicators were compared with the responses of an Israeli sample following an armed conflict in May 2021. The data were collected by an internet panel company. A representative sample of Ukrainian residents (N = 1,001) responded to an online questionnaire. A stratified sampling method was employed regarding geographic distribution, gender, and age. The data concerning the Israeli population (N = 647) were also collected by an internet panel company during a recent armed conflict with Gaza (May 2021). Three notable results emerged in this study: (a) The Ukrainian sample reported significantly higher levels of the following: Distress symptoms, sense of danger, and perceived threats, compared with the Israeli sample. However, despite these harsh feelings, the Ukrainian respondents reported substantially higher levels of hope and societal resilience compared, to their Israeli counterparts, and somewhat higher individual and community resilience. (b) The protective factors of the respondents in Ukraine (level of hope, wellbeing, and morale), predicted the three types of resilience (individual, community, and social) better than the vulnerability factors (sense of danger, distress symptoms, and level of threats). (c) The best predictors of the three types of resilience were hope and wellbeing. (d) The demographic characteristics of the Ukrainian respondents hardly added to the prediction of the three types of resilience. It appears that a war that threatens the independence and sovereignty of a country may, under certain conditions, enhance the societal resilience and hope of the population under risk, despite a lower sense of wellbeing and higher levels of distress, sense of danger, and perceived threats.

P04 Assessment of antibiotic resistance formation predictors among medical students in developing countries

Abstract Background According to CDC (2019), antibiotic-resistant infections affect more than 2 million people. By 2030, 100 million people will die prematurely as a result of uncontrolled antibiotic use, and in 35 years, this figure will reach 300 million (BSAC, 2018). Despite of modern patient target approach to curing majority of diseases, the problem of antibiotics over usage is still urgent in middle-income countries due to non-profile prescription, absence of microbiological confirmation and the ease of availability of antibiotics. Objectives To investigate antibiotic usage expedience for a 1-year duration among Ukrainian and foreign medical students. Subjects and methods A total of 150 (Ukrainians 46%, foreigners 54%; aged 18–25 years) medical students were examined by questionnaire for antibiotic usage during last year with specification of reasons, course frequency and duration, expediency of appointment, treatment outcomes, possible reason for cancellation/replacement of antibiotic therapy and preventable usage cases. Results The majority of foreigners [60.5% (n = 49)] and 33.8% (n = 25) Ukrainians used antibiotics for different reasons during February 2022–January 2023 (P < 0.01). Antibiotic usage by physician’s prescription was held among 24.49% (n = 12) foreign students and 68.18% (n = 12) Ukrainian ones (P < 0.05). The frequency of antibiotic application due to positive result of bacteriological investigation was significantly lower among foreign responders: 27.27% versus 4.00% in Ukrainians (P < 0.05). In the Ukrainian students sample 36.3% (n = 8) responders predisposed to antibiotic usage for infectious condition appearance [versus 6.1% (n = 3) in the foreign sample, P < 0.01]. The frequency of ≥3 antibiotic courses per year prevailed in the foreign student group [12.25% (n = 6), P < 0.05]. The analysis of post-antibiotic adverse events found out allergic reaction in 1.2% (n = 1) in the foreign sample, diarrhoea 1.56% (n = 1) and change of antibiotic due to ineffectiveness 1.56% (n = 1) in the Ukrainian sample. Conclusions Possible predictors of the formation of resistance to antibiotics among young people living in developing countries, such as incorrect clinical use, lack of control over the prescription of antibiotics, ease of availability of antibiotics and as a result of self-medication, were evaluated. The prophylactic prescription of broad-spectrum antibiotics for routine procedures, such as preparation for surgical interventions and in the postoperative period, also draws attention.

Peculiarities of the manifestation of psychological barriers in the development of creative abilities in young teenagers of Ukraine and China

Our work is aimed at studying peculiarities of the manifestation of psychological barriers in the development of creative abilities in younger teenagers of Ukraine and China. The object of study is the mental states and abilities of young adolescents. The research methods: theoretical – analysis, generalization and systematization of theoretical approaches and empirical results; empirical – observation, conversation, analysis of activity products, testing and mathematical and statistical methods. In the scientific literature, it has long been recognized that the development of creative abilities has a significant impact on the formation of a personality, in particular, its opportunities for self-actualization increase. It is especially important to develop the creative abilities of children who are just forming as individuals. This paper presents the results of its own research and provides a comparative analysis of the manifestation of psychological barriers in the development of creative abilities in young adolescents of the Ukrainian and Chinese sample groups made it possible to reveal that the most evident barriers in the young adolescents of the Ukrainian sample group are self-doubt, lack of interest, fear of making a mistake, reluctance to take risks, and among the young teenage Chinese sample group – lack of interest, fear of being unsuccessful at school, reluctance to take risks, and fear of losing friends. However we can observe that in both sample groups there are the same barriers, which are related to the specifics of the development of children of this age and the leading activities of children in young adolescence.

IMAGES OF HUNGER, SATIATION AND THIRST IN THE MIRROR OF ENGLISH AND UKRAINIAN PHRASEOLOGY. Article 3

This publication is the final, third article of the thematic cycle Images of feeding/eating food in the mirror of English and Ukrainian phraseology. It is devoted to the problem of figurative understanding and phraseological description of the processes (including causes and consequences) of CONSUMING food or drinks. The material considered by us offers the possibility of ethnocultural comparative analysis of two unrelated societies — Ukrainian-speaking and English-speaking ones. Based on A. Maslow’s thesis about the basic level of needs in the phylogenetic development of a person as a biological and social being, namely the need to quench hunger and thirst, the phraseological funds of both languages, which are focused on seeing exactly these needs, are considered. It has been proven that phraseological units (PhU) of gustatory semantics verbalize the deep cognitive model AGENT FEEDS THE PATIENT SOMEHOW and its mirror second half PATIENT CONSUMES SOMETHING (FOOD/DRINK) SOMEHOW. This publication highlights exactly this second half of the specified cognitive model. The purpose of this study was to investigate the phraseological fund of a language as certain clots of cultural heritage, cast into a figuratively transformed patterns of idioms, phraseological units, proverbs, sometimes maxims, i.e. prescriptions of ancestors, which they passed on to their descendants regarding the correct worldview and successful functioning in the surrounding world. The total sample is quantitatively distributed unevenly between the two languages, the English component is twice as small as the Ukrainian one: 117 English PhUs and 265 Ukrainian PhU. The semantic component CONSUMPTION is verbalized by 13 verbs in English and 28 in Ukrainian, which indicates a greater sensitivity of Ukrainian speakers to the semantic nuances of the process of consuming food and drinks (them being excessive or insufficient, approved or critically regarded by the speaker who nominates the phenomenon). It was found that the English-speaking sample is more focused on reflecting universal, philosophical aspects of life, while the Ukrainian sample is more “home-centric”, the state of hunger and thirst in the Ukrainian-speaking sample is reflected much more broadly and more emotionally than in the English-speaking sample, overeating is a frequent object of mockery and criticism of Ukrainians, which in no way coincides with the dominant code of political correctness in modern Western culture. The analyzed material testified to a certain role of alcoholic beverages in the lives of representatives of the two ethnic groups, both ethno-specific and cross-cultural customs and traditions were revealed, the presence of English-language PhUs regarding drug use was recorded, which is not observed in Ukrainian-speaking PhUs. In conclusion, let us emphasize that gustatory phraseology of any language reflects not only the processes and customs of FEEDING / CONSUMING something edible, but a much wider spectrum of human existence: personal and social relationships, philosophical interpretations of human needs and limitations, moral prescriptions and prohibitions. In the end, we will repeat the thought of Socrates, with which we started this series of articles: “One must eat to live, not live to eat.”

The role of social characteristics of personality in the professional well-being of rescuers

Abstract. The article presents the results of an empirical study of determining the role of basic social characteristics in professional well-being among rescuers. The formation of the sample was carried out by means of an online survey using the appropriate Google form. 207 lifeguards in the age range from 19 to 55 took part in the study. A questionnaire was used to determine the social characteristics of rescuers as subjects of professional activity and was adapted to the Ukrainian sample «Professional Well-Being Assessment Methodology». The conducted empirical study of the role of social characteristics of the individual in expressing the professional well-being of rescuers made it possible to establish a statistically significant role of social status the level of its effect (р = 0.039; η2 = 0.031). This feature is associated with better career and social opportunities among respondents with a higher social status, which affects the overall level of job satisfaction and determines a higher level of professional well-being.

Adaptation of The Modified BBC Subjective Well-being Scale (BBC-SWB) and The Positive Mental Health Scale (PMH-scale) on the Ukrainian sample

Introduction. Given the war of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, the promotion of mental health and subjective well-being of the population has become an important task of psychological services in Ukraine. This requires the use of adequate diagnostic methods and instruments, in particular, those that have proven themselves in foreign practice. For this purpose, they should be adapted and standardized on the Ukrainian sample. Aim: to adapt The Modified BBC Subjective Well-being Scale (BBC-SWB) and The Positive Mental Health Scale (PMH-scale) on the Ukrainian sample. Methods. The Modified BBC Subjective Well-being Scale (BBC-SWB) and the Positive Mental Health Scale (PMH-scale). In order to adapt and standardize these scales, a study was conducted on a sample of 502 respondents from the central regions of Ukraine. The sample included 69.7% of women and 30.3% of men aged 18 through 75 belonging to various social strata. Results. 1) The adaptation of The Modified BBC Subjective Well-being Scale (BBC-SWB) and The Positive Mental Health Scale (PMH-scale) made it possible to bring them into line with Ukrainian realities; 2) the Scales' standardization allows using them for the analysis of the general indicator and individual subscales of subjective well-being as well as for the analysis of mental health of representatives of different population groups in Ukraine; 3) The obtained data demonstrated the Scales' high reliability and validity. Conclusions. The adapted Scales can be used by psychological centers and services for diagnosing mental health and well-being of Ukrainian population.

Cognitive and psychomotor performance of Polish and Ukrainian drivers

Introduction. Recent years have seen a dynamic increase in people from eastern countries employed in Polish road transport.
 The aim of the study was to compare the cognitive and psychomotor performance of Polish and Ukrainian drivers.
 
 Material and Methods. The results of 336 male truck drivers aged between 22 and 64 years were analysed. There were 174 respondents in the Polish sample (M = 38.6 years; SD = 10.3) and 162 respondents in the Ukrainian sample (M = 36.8 years; SD = 8.3). The level of intellectual performance was assessed using the Raven's Matrix Test (TMS) and the Precision of Movement and Quick Thinking (PIM) Index. Psychomotor performance was verified using computer tests belonging to the SDP System.
 
 Results. Ukrainian drivers, compared to Polish drivers, were characterised by analogous results in terms of cognitive processes and psychomotor performance. The mean scores of the Raven's test, PIM index and also coordination tests were comparable in both groups. A strong positive correlation was found between TMS and PIM.
 
 Conclusions. 1. Drivers from Ukraine and Poland have similar intellectual and psychomotor abilities. 2. The PIM index correlates strongly positively with TMS and can be a reliable tool in intelligence screening. 3. The presented methods of the SDP System are not culturally loaded. Standardised scales addressed to the Polish driver population should be used to assess these areas in Ukrainian subjects.

CREATION OF SENSORY PROFILES OF RIESLING WINES FROM EUROPE, AMERICA AND OCEANIA AND THEIR COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS

Effective work at the winery is possible only if the final result is taken into account. Riesling wines have a different organoleptic profile depending on the country of cultivation, zone, climate and weather conditions. High temperatures affect the high concentration of TDN in the berry, more moderate forms herbal, fruit and mineral descriptors. Of course, work at the winery is also important. This work presents the results of the research of seven Riesling wines from different countries of the world: France, Italy, Germany, Austria, Ukraine, New Zealand and Australia. All wines are from the same harvest year and are made using similar technology. Looking at the possible difference in grape clones, terroir and yeast, the author understands the discrepancy in descriptors, but the main criteria for wine quality are objective indicators. The most important indicators of the quality of wines are balance and aftertaste, the whole range of descriptors and indicators of taste, in the end, should answer two questions – how good is the balance and long aftertaste. The higher the score, the higher the quality of the product. The analysis carried out by the author shows that the Riesling wines produced in New Zealand, Austria and Germany received the highest indicators of balance and aftertaste. These same samples received the highest points according to the scoring method, in addition, the first two have the highest ratings in the categories “aroma intensity” and “taste intensity”. Another important criterion of wines from the Riesling variety – minerality – is also the largest in the above three wines. The Ukrainian sample turned out to have good descriptors of berry, floral and stone aromas, and has good acidity. These data may indicate the peculiarity of the Ukrainian terroir, but still require additional research. The obtained data can be used to improve the organoleptic profile of Riesling wines grown in Ukraine.