Institutions Of Ukraine Research Articles

Yield, grain quality and morphological characteristics of new early maturing varieties of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] from domestic breeding

Purpose. To carry out a comprehensive study and evaluation of new varieties of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] of the early maturity group (vegetation period – 91–110 days) by morphological characteristics and the main economic indicators: yield, oil and protein content. Methods. Field stu­dies on the qualification examination of soybean varieties were carried out during 2022–2023 in ten branches of the Ukrainian Institute for Plant Variety Examination (UIPVE) within the soil and climatic zones of the Steppe, Forest­Steppe and Polissia. The process was based on the existing methods of qualification examination of plant varieties for their suitability for distribution in Ukraine (VCU), determination of quality indicators of crop production and compliance of varieties with the criteria of distinctness, uniformity and stability (DUS). Results. The morphological characteristics, yield and grain quality of new early maturing varieties of Ukrainian breeding, included in the State Register of Plant Varieties Suitable for Distribution in Ukraine, were evalua­ted. Namely: ‘Zlatopilska’, ‘Kobuko’, ‘AFC Tempo’, ‘AFC Fest’, ‘Hospodynia’ and ‘Sunrise’. The most productive varieties in all soil and climate zones were ‘AFC Tempo’ (Steppe – 3.25 t/ha, Forest­Steppe – 3.64, Polissia – 3.63 t/ha) and ‘Kobuko’ (Steppe – 3.03 t/ha, Forest­Steppe – 3.68, Polissia – 3.42 t/ha). At the same time, ‘Zlatopilska’, ‘Kobuko’, ‘AFC Tempo’, ‘AFC Fest’ and ‘Sunrise’ produced the highest yields in Forest­Steppe [from 2.89 t/ha (‘Zlatopilska’) to 3.68 t/ha (‘Kobuko’)] and ‘Hospodynia’ – in Polissia (2.83 t/ha). ‘Zlatopilska’ (38.4–40.3%) and ‘Sunrise’ (37.9–40.6%) had the highest protein content in the grain and ‘AFC Fest’ (23.3–24.3%) the highest oil content. Conclusions. According to the results of the qualification examination, varieties of soybean ‘Zlatopilska’, ‘Kobuko’ and ‘AFC Tempo’ are recommended for cultivation in all soil and climatic zones; ‘Sunrise’ – in the Steppe and Forest­Steppe; ‘Hospodynia’ – in the Steppe and Polissia; ‘AFC Fest’ – only in the Steppe. Seeds produced in the Forest­Steppe zone have the best quality indicators in terms of protein content, and in terms of oil content – in the Steppe zone. The studied varieties of soybeans meet the criteria of distinctness, uniformity and stability, as well as the requirements for suitability for distribution in Ukraine.

MOTIVES AND INTERESTS OF STUDENTS IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION

The article presents the results of a study of students' motives and interests in physical education, which play a key role in forming of an active lifestyle in young people and affect their health, psychological well-being and social relationships. A literature review and an anonymous survey of 222 students from various Ukrainian higher educational institutions were conducted to identify the main reasons why young people engage in physical activity. The results of the study showed that the most significant motivations are students' desire to improve their physical condition (71.6%), improve their health (59%) and commitment to exercise (69.8%), which indicates the importance of physical education for improving physical condition and overall wellness. It is also noted that physical activity has a positive effect on psychological health, in particular, it reduces stress, improves mood and energy levels, and helps to increase self-confidence. Special attention is focused on social aspects: physical education promotes the formation of new social relationships and improves communication skills through participation in team sports and competitions. In addition, students note the impact of classes on self-realisation, discipline and self-control, which indicates their importance for personal development. Although such motives as the desire to receive positive grades (43.7%) and to build a beautiful figure (33.3%) are less significant, they also play a role in the overall motivation of students to participate in physical activities. The importance of developing effective physical education programmes aimed at satisfying the various students' requirements has been proved, which will help increase their physical activity and overall health.

Peculiarities of choreographic education in higher education establishments in Ukraine during the covid-19 pandemic: A phenomenological analysis

This article presents a phenomenological analysis of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on choreographic education processes in higher education establishments in Ukraine. The research is based on a systematic study of the experiences of teachers of choreography in Ukraine during the pandemic, focusing on the changes brought about in the educational process by the restrictions imposed in response to the global crisis. The authors conducted qualitative research, including interviewing teachers and analyzing the collected data. They investigated how teachers adapted their teaching methods to ensure continuity in the educational process despite the transition to distance learning. The article explores different aspects of this process: changes to the organization of the educational process; psychological aspects of pandemic teaching, stress, and teachers' adaptation to new conditions; innovative approaches to education, the use of digital technologies and virtual tools to enhance the educational experience, and the creation of new formats for practical classes. In conclusion, the authors summarize their study findings and discuss the potential implications of these changes for the future of choreographic education in higher education. They also highlight possible limitations and the necessity for further research in this area.

Utilising Design Thinking To Alleviate The Effects Of Covid-19 On Civil Servant Operations

The phenomenon of design thinking has a significant potential to form a synergistic interaction of individual abilities of leaders, managers and civil servants in the context of global challenges caused by the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. Against the backdrop of these issues, ensuring the effectiveness of key state institutions and organisations is of particular relevance, which, in turn, requires a detailed analysis of potential measures to counteract negative impacts. The aim of the study is to analyse the potential of design thinking in the context of developing and implementing a comprehensive mechanism for overcoming the effects of COVID-19 on the activities of civil servants. The article focuses on the functionality of design thinking in terms of civil servants’ basic professional and personal skills. The possibility of their allocation as separate indicators of the concept is considered. The structural elements of design thinking are outlined, and each of them is described in detail. The imperative for establishing a unified mechanism to address the pandemic’s existing and potential adverse consequences is clearly demonstrated. The peculiarities of integrating design thinking based on the Stanford concept into the work of civil servants in Ukrainian public institutions are described. It is assumed that implementing this goal will increase the efficiency of civil servants, forming an effective mechanism for mitigating the risks caused by the pandemic. The author identifies sustainable principles that can facilitate the operational and strategic management of team performance in the civil service. The priorities for further improvement of design thinking skills to improve the efficiency of public institutions are revealed. The specifics of the Stanford model as an effective tool for team development and management decision-making are investigated. The main principles of the mechanism for overcoming the destructive effects of COVID-19 through the introduction of design thinking technology, which helps improve public institutions’ efficiency and quality of work and create favourable conditions for team effectiveness, are analysed. The study’s results have practical value in the development, improvement and modernisation of the design thinking concept to minimise the impact of the adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Legislative drafting techniques as a means of giving effect to the rule of law. The case of Ukraine

Ukraine is currently carrying out some reforms recommended by the Venice Commission of the Council of Europe and by the European Commission (in order to become a Member State of the European Union), in order to strengthen democracy, the Rule of Law, human rights and protection of minorities. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate that legislative drafting techniques are a means to give effect to the principle of the Rule of Law, when it comes to Ukraine; and to recommend that Ukraine improves the way its institutions draft/scrutinise bills, and adopts best practices from Europe. The methods of this article will be those of an analysis of constitutional law. The article will rely on the definition of the principle of the Rule of Law (given by A.V. Dicey and developed by Lord Bingham) and the idea that legislative drafting techniques can be seen as a means to give effect to such a principle. The Ukrainian current constitutional context (viz., the impossibility of amending its Constitution under martial law, due to Article 157 of the Constitution of Ukraine) will be considered. Some pieces of Ukrainian legislation will be analysed in the light of the Venice Commission’s recommendations. Some of the main legislative drafting techniques and their aims, in the light of the best practices from Europe, will also be analysed. The results of the article will set out that in such a current constitutional context, where the recommended reforms can be implemented only by Acts of Parliament (although some amendments to the Ukrainian Constitution would be appropriate), in Ukraine the quality of primary legislation becomes crucial to give effect to the Rule of Law. Therefore, the scientific novelty of the article will be to test general concepts with regards to the exceptional constitutional circumstances of Ukraine. The conclusions, thus, is that Ukrainian institutions (such as the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine and the President of the Republic of Ukraine) should improve the way they draft/scrutinise bills, adopting best practices from Europe, in order to improve the quality of primary legislation and, thus, to give effect to the principle of the Rule of Law.

Domestic researchers who have made important contributions to the study of digestive system diseases: images in art. Nina Fedorivna Deyneko

Nina Fedorivna Deyneko is a Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, an honored worker of science and technology of Ukraine, an outstanding health care worker, a labor veteran, and an academician of the International Academy of Sciences in apiphytotherapy and beekeeping. Under Prof. N. F. Deyneko’s supervision, 86 clinical residents, including 34 foreign ones, and postgraduate students were taught during her tenure at the Kharkiv departments of therapy and gastroenterology. Additionally, 25 candidate dissertations and one doctorate thesis were defended. She served as the head of the Kharkiv Medical Institute’s state examination commission for 15 years, founded and presided over the Kharkiv Medical Society of Gastroenterologists for 20 years, was a member of the All‑Union Society of Gastroenterologists’ Presidium of the Board for more than 20 years, and worked as the deputy chairman of the board of the Ukrainian Republican Society of Gastroenterologists. More than 200 research publications, four monographs, textbooks, and copyright certificates have been produced by Nina Fedorivna. Kharkiv Railway Clinical Hospital №1 became the clinical base of the Department of Gastroenterology of the Ukrainian Institute for Advanced Medical Studies, which was headed by Professor Nina Fedorivna Deyneko. Contemporary diagnostic equipment made it possible to perform diagnosis and treatment of patients with pathologies of the gastrointestinal, liver, biliary and pancreatic pathologies. The goal of methodological and pedagogical work was to optimize the educational process by using modern techniques for tracking students’ practical skills and initial, intermediate, and final levels of learning. Four‑ and three‑ month specialty cycles, as well as pre‑certification and theme improvement in the field of gastroenterology, were implemented during the first five years of the department’s existence. In addition to receiving 20 copyright certificates and publishing over 300 research papers, department staff members have also developed 62 rationalization recommendations that have been put into practice in the healthcare industry. The staff of the department participated in many scientific forums, including those conducted abroad.

Paradigmatic simulation in environments of Ukrainian general secondary education institutions

Paradigmatic simulation in environments of Ukrainian general secondary education institutions

EUROPEAN INTEGRATION AS A CATALYST FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF MEDICAL TOURISM IN UKRAINE IN THE POST-WAR PERIOD

This article explores the potential of medical tourism as a key component of Ukraine’s economic recovery strategy after the war, emphasizing the role of European integration in this context. Medical tourism, known for its ability to attract significant foreign investment and improve the economic indicators of the country's development, is seen as a strategic sector that can significantly contribute to the socio-economic recovery of Ukraine after a long conflict. The object of the research is the post-war reconstruction of the health care industry, where Ukraine faces the dual challenge of reviving its economy and enhancing the global competitiveness of its medical sector. Despite a well-established foundation in medical education and the affordability of medical services attractive to international patients, Ukraine encounters several barriers. The article identifies key problems, such as underdeveloped infrastructure, low level of certification of medical institutions, and ineffectiveness of regulations, which are currently inhibiting the full-scale development of medical tourism. The article focuses on the impact of European integration processes on the medical tourism sector. It asserts that closer alignment with European standards could lead to the modernization of medical services, enhancing quality and trust in Ukraine's medical tourism market. This integration promotes the adoption of best practices in medical service provision and management, ensuring that Ukrainian medical institutions can meet and exceed international patients' expectations. Various aspects of medical tourism are explored, from the development of medical services before the war, which predominantly attracted patients from Europe, to the dramatic consequences of the war, including infrastructure damage and professional brain drain. Legal reforms aimed at streamlining and improving the regulatory framework for medical tourism are discussed as critical to creating a conducive environment for the sector. The role of the strategic partnerships with European medical institutions is highlighted as a crucial factor. Such partnerships could lead to technology transfer, joint research, and educational opportunities, which not only improve service quality but also enhance the international image of Ukraine's medical tourism sector. Additionally, these collaborations can help to standardize medical procedures and protocols to match European norms, thereby increasing the safety and appeal of medical services offered in Ukraine. The article underscores the need for continued reforms, investment in modern medical technologies, and marketing strategies for the international promotion of Ukraine as a leading provider of medical tourism services. It notes that addressing outlined challenges and effectively leveraging European integration could enable Ukraine to tap into the growing global market for medical tourism, offering comprehensive, high-quality, and cost-effective medical solutions to international patients. Overall, the article provides a deep analysis of the catalytic role of European integration in advancing medical tourism in Ukraine, noting that with the right policies and international cooperation, Ukraine can significantly improve its economic landscape and health care standards in the post-war period.

THE CONTENT AND LANGUAGE INTEGRATED LEARNING (CLIL) METHODOLOGY AT ENGLISH LESSONS IN GENERAL SECONDARY EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS OF UKRAINE

Methodology of content and language integrated learning (CLIL) is a gradual replacement of cramming and sometimes unconscious repetition. The principle of integration and functional contextual mastering of a foreign language have become extremely popular in the world, and have also made it possible to determine the advantages and problems of implementing the content and language integrated learning method into the educational process in many countries of the world. The given article is devoted to the issue of using the methodology of content and language integrated learning (CLIL) at each educational level of the Ukrainian education system, its methodological tasks are considered at each structural stage. Attention is paid to the main conditions for the successful implementation of the method of content and language integrated learning (CLIL) in Ukrainian secondary education institutions. The general principles of lesson planning and a series of English language lessons in Ukrainian secondary schools are considered.

"…because the social work never ends": a qualitative study exploring how NGOs responded to emerging needs while upholding responsibility to HIV prevention and treatment during the war in Ukraine.

Since the onset of the Russian invasion on 24 February 2022, the health system in Ukraine has been placed under tremendous pressure, with damage to critical infrastructure, large losses of human resources, restricted mobility and significant supply chain interruptions. Based on a longstanding partnership between the Ukrainian Institute for Social Research after Oleksandr Yaremenko (UISR after O. Yaremenko) and the Institute for Global Public Health at the University of Manitoba, we explore the impact of the full-scale war on non-governmental organizations (NGOs, including charitable organizations) providing services for key population groups in Ukraine. We conducted in-depth qualitative interviews with key representatives from NGOs working with key population groups (i.e., people living with HIV, sex workers, men who have sex with men, people who inject drugs and transgender people) throughout Ukraine. Members of the UISR after O. Yaremenko research team recruited participants from organizations working at national, regional and local levels. The research team members conducted 26 interviews (22 with women and four with men) between 15 May and 7 June 2023. Interviews were conducted virtually in Ukrainian and interpretively analysed to draw out key themes. Applying Roels etal.'s notion of "first responders", our findings explore how the full-scale war personally and organizationally impacted workers at Ukrainian NGOs. Despite the impacts to participants' physical and mental health, frontline workers continued to support HIV prevention and treatment while also responding to the need for humanitarian aid among their clients and the wider community. Furthermore, despite inadequate pay and compensation for their work, frontline workers assumed additional responsibilities, thereby exceeding their normal workload during the extraordinary conditions of war. NGOs play a vital role as responders, adapting their services to meet the emergent needs of communities during structural shocks, such as war. There is an urgent need to support NGOs with adequate resources for key population service delivery and to increase support for their important role in humanitarian aid.

Fragments of the Ukrainian Book Collections in the Ossolineum’s Holdings of Early Printed Books in Wrocław

The article describes fragments of book collections from five Ukrainian institutions – the Shevchenko Scientific Society, the “Studion” in Lviv, “Ridna Shkola” Ukrainian Pedagogical Society, the National Museum in Lviv, and the Greek Catholic Chapter in Przemyśl – which are currently housed in the Early Printed Books Department at the Ossolineum in Wrocław. In addition to the list of books from these collections, the publication provides a brief overview of their history and fortunes after World War II and the circumstances under which these books found their way to the collection of the Ossoliński National Institute in Wrocław.

ДО ПИТАННЯ ІНТЕГРАЦІЇ УКРАЇНСЬКИХ ЗАКЛАДІВ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ В ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКИЙ ОСВІТНІЙ ПРОСТІР

Modern realities cause new challenges to education – on the one hand, the course of integration into the European educational space and the implementation of relevant reforms remains unchanged, on the other hand – the realities of the full-scale invasion of russia on the territory of Ukraine make significant adjustments to the development and transformation of the higher education system of Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to find out the specifics of the implementation of the main principles of the Bologna Process in Ukrainian institutions of higher education in today’s conditions. The authors of the article investigated the main stages of the formation of the European educational space, defined the basic principles of its functioning. An analysis of the implementation of the provisions of the Bologna Process in the educational process was carried out on the example of the activities of Ukrainian institutions of higher education. Conclusions. Modernization of the educational activities of Ukrainian higher education institutions in the context of the European integration of higher education of Ukraine involves, on the one hand, the implementation of the main principles of the Bologna Declaration, on the other hand, taking into account the socio-cultural context of modern Ukrainian sosiety. Constant updating of knowledge, technologies, teaching tools, organizational and management approaches is an integral component of the qualitative modernization of the education system and its development as the basis of self-reproduction and self-organization of society. A key role in Ukraine’s entry into the global space is played by institutions of higher education capable of adequately responding to the challenges of the times and establishing themselves as national scientific and educational centers of the European and world level. Key words: Bologna process, European educational space, globalization, integration, modernization, Penitentiary Academy of Ukraine, Chernihiv Polytechnic National University.

Corporate culture in Ukrainian and Chinese institutions of higher education in the context of bilateral relations

Corporate culture in Ukrainian and Chinese institutions of higher education in the context of bilateral relations

FOSTERING DIGITAL TRANSFORMATIONS IN MILITARY ENGINEERING EDUCATION: INTRODUCTION OF A TECHNOLOGY-ENHANCED LEARNING ENVIRONMENT

Digital tools have become integral to training military engineers, and the introduction of a technology-enhanced learning environment may improve the educational process at higher military educational institutions. This study explores the impact of digital transformations in military engineering education through a technology-enhanced learning environment. To answer the research questions, mixed methodology was used, which involved integration and data triangulation matrices. The survey included 17 experts who possess the competences to evaluate the integration of technology into the learning environment. The results showed that a positive technology-enhanced learning environment is represented through ICT-supported learning, e-learning, blended learning, and virtual learning environments. The researchers distinguished groups of digital tools used at higher military educational institutions (communication tools, content creation tools, Learning Management Systems, collaboration tools, assessment tools, simulation and modelling, and adaptive learning tools). The impact of digital tools applied for the formation of professional competence among future military engineers was evaluated. Then, the algorithm for creating and developing a positive technology-enhanced learning environment was explained as the set of systematic measures used to design and implement a learning environment that integrates technology. The measures to be taken to foster digital technologies while training future military engineers were described during the study. The outcomes can be used to improve the existing system of military engineering education at the Ukrainian military institutions and to maximize the professional training at the active military units. Keywords: digital tools, higher military educational institution, learning environment, professional competence, technology-enhanced learning

The Kyiv Bandurist Chapel’s concert activity during the Second World War

Statement of the problem. Recent research and publications. The article is dedicated to the creative activity of the Kyiv Bandurist Chapel, its origins, and stages of formation. It characterizes the peculiarities of the Chapel’s concert and touring activities and states the role played by the bandurist choir in the social and political life of Ukraine. The creativity of the Kyiv Bandurist Chapel (and later – the Taras Shevchenko Bandurist Chapel) as a spiritual phenomenon of Ukrainian musical culture has been increasingly studied over the last two decades. Published works highlight various aspects of its activity, however, there remain questions that require deeper analysis and a new approach, particularly, the concert and touring activities of the Chapel in 1939–1944. Objectives, methods, and novelty of the research. The purpose of the article is to analyze the Kyiv Bandurist Chapel’s concert activity in the context of the social and historical events during 1939–1944 and its impact on various aspects of cultural, musical, and social life in Western Ukrainian territories. The article uses general scientific methods: source study, descriptive and analytical. The concert and performance repertoire of the Chapel has been analyzed in terms of its content and dynamics. The article mentions joint projects of the Chapel with Ukrainian musical institutions and public organizations. New data about the numerical composition of the first Kyiv Bandurist Chapel, the peculiarities of its concert and touring activities, and some episodes from the lives of individual bandurists have been introduced into the scientific discourse. Research results and conclusion. The Kyiv Bandurist Chapel takes its origins from the period when the national liberation struggles began in 1918–1922. During its existence, the Chapel has been known under various names: “Kobzar Choir” or “First Chapel of Kobzars” (according to V. Yemets), “First Ukrainian Art Chapel” (1925), “United State Exemplary Chapel of Bandurists of the Ukrainian SSR” (1935–1941), “Taras Shevchenko Bandurist Chapel” (from 1941). The foundation of the Kyiv Bandurist Chapel’s repertoire in different historical times constituted Ukrainian dumas, historical, Sich Riflemen’s and insurgent songs, national-patriotic authors’ works, and song and dance melodies. During the period under study, the Kyiv Bandurist Chapel actively performed concert tours in such regions, including Kyiv region, Volyn, and Galychyna. Throughout 1942–1944, it performed in Germany for Ukrainians who were forcibly deported by the Nazis from Ukraine and placed in Ostarbeiter camps. The Kyiv Bandurist Chapel, being in the whirlwind of historical events, proved that the Ukrainian people’s will and independence were always the priority in their creative activities. Further study of the Kyiv Bandurist Chapel’s history is pertinent to several key historical periods: the post-war reconstruction of Soviet Ukraine, the nation’s journey to independence, and the Russian-Ukrainian war. These topics are awaiting unbiased examination and scientific synthesis.

Fund of valuable and rare publications of scientific libraries of higher education institutions of Ukraine with an aviation component

The proposed article analyzes and summarizes the peculiarities of the formation of funds of valuable and rare publications in Ukrainian institutions of higher education that prepare specialists for civil aviation. The article is intended to inform scientific and pedagogical workers, students of higher education, and the general public about the important resource of valuable and rare publications that are stored in the funds of scientific and technical libraries of Ukrainian higher education institutions with an aviation component. The purpose of the article is to analyze the specifics of the formation and organization of open (online) access to information potential, containing collections of rare publications as a component of information resources of university libraries. The collections of valuable and rare publications, concentrated in the libraries of the aviation profile universities: The National Aerospace University M. E. Zhukovsky "Kharkiv Aviation Institute", The National Aviation University, The National Technical University of Ukraine "Ihor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute". Recommendations on improving the work of scientific and technical libraries on the formation of a system of open access and custody of valuable documents have been formulated.

UNIVERSITY AUTONOMY IN THE CONTEXT OF OPTIMISING THE NETWORK OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

The relevance of the article is determined by the importance of strengthening the autonomy of higher education, its ability to really influence the acceleration of Ukraine's recovery and the need to resolve a number of contradictions (between the launched higher education reform and imperfect regulatory, legal and organisational mechanisms for its implementation; public awareness of the inefficiency of the higher education network and the importance of its optimisation, and the insufficient level of awareness of the importance of ensuring democratic and transparent processes by senior education managers). The aim is to analyse the prerequisites, features and prospects for optimising the network of higher education institutions in the context of implementing the right of universities to autonomy for accelerating Ukraine's recovery. Methods: theoretical analysis of official, statistical, scientific and journalistic sources – to study the functioning peculiarities of the higher education network in Ukraine and the development of their autonomy; comparison and generalisation – to identify factors that hinder the autonomy development of Ukrainian higher education institutions and conditions that facilitate it. Results: the dynamics of the higher education institutions network expansion and their contingent is studied; the peculiarities of acquiring the "national" status by higher education institutions are analysed; the factors of inhibition of the university autonomy development in Ukraine are identified; the conclusions of Ukrainian scientists on creating conditions for ensuring the process effectiveness of the higher education institutions optimisation are summarised. Conclusions: the autonomy development of higher education institutions in Ukraine is hampered by an imperfect regulatory framework, non-state actions of educational managers at the institutional and national levels, and an unbalanced national education system; uncontrolled expansion of the higher education institutions network has disrupted the balance of the national education system (decline in vocational education, deterioration in the quality of higher education); the autonomy of higher education institutions in the context of an unbalanced national education system, weakened links with regional labour markets, and underdeveloped public-private partnerships cannot become a means of a restorative breakthrough for the Ukrainian education system to ensure Ukraine's post-war recovery; the need to optimise the network of higher education institutions is obvious and urgent, but it is undemocratic and non-transparent, which provokes unhealthy sentiments among the scientific and pedagogical community and undermines the authority of higher education in Ukrainian society; the process of optimising the network of higher education institutions needs to be regulated (development of relevant regulations, methodological recommendations, clear algorithm), taking into account the achievements of Ukrainian scientists and European experience.

The Ukrainian Artistic Community in the United States in the late 1940s to the 1960s: A Socio-Cultural Portrait

The article analyzes the socio-cultural life of the Ukrainian artistic community—visual artists—who actively worked or began their professional activities in the United States after the World War II (from the end of the 1940s until the 1960s). The main centers of their settlement in the United States are identified, and their belonging to different waves of Ukrainian emigration and generations is classified. The paper also identifies the educational level of the community members, some art schools, where Ukrainian artists studied in the United States, and traces the process of professional adaptation and/or their professional realization in emigration, as well as their involvement in the cultural activities of the local Ukrainian diaspora. The aim of the paper is to identify the main features of the socio-cultural portrait of the Ukrainian artistic community in the United States during this period. The problem of the socio-cultural integration of artists outside their homeland is actualized in the context of a new wave of mass emigration from Ukraine against the backdrop of war and globalization. The article introduces little-known materials on the issue; systematizes and summarizes the collective experience of Ukrainian artists in entering the American socio-cultural environment; highlights some characteristics of the community. It is stated that the majority of Ukrainian artists of the older generation who arrived in the United States after World War II, having passed the initial difficult stage of social adaptation, integrated into American society. A large group of fine artists combined their creativity with stable work in areas close to their main specialty. At the same time, Ukrainian artists did not assimilate: they became active in the Ukrainian diaspora, created Ukrainian centers, and/or participated in the activities of numerous Ukrainian cultural institutions, including the U.A.A.A (Ukrainian Artist’s Association in U.S.A). The younger generation of Ukrainian emigrant artists, on the other hand, demonstrated a diversity of socio-cultural activities from the very beginning.

Yield plasticity of new varieties of soft winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in different soil and climatic conditions of Ukraine

Purpose. To determine the level of productivity of new varieties of soft winter wheat, their stability and plasticity when grown in different soil and climatic conditions of Ukraine. Methods. The field trial was carried out in 2022–2023 under the conditions of the research stations of the Ukrainian Institute for Plant Variety Examination (UIPVE) in the Steppe, Forest Steppe and Polissia soilclimatic zones. The peculiarities of plant growth and development, the yield formation of 34 new varieties of soft winter wheat were studied. Plasticity and stability of yield formation were calculated and analyzed according to the Ebergard – Russell method, general homeostaticity and selection value according to Khangildin V.V. and Lytvynenko N.A. In the course of the research, computational and statistical methods were used. Analysis and synthesis were used to draw conclusions. Results. The yield varied from 5.4 to 8.4 t/ha, depending on the soil and climate zone and the location of the trial. The variety ‘LG Optimist’ had the highest average yield (8.1 t/ha) and ‘YUSON’ the lo west (6.0 t/ha). The most favorable conditions for the study of growth and development of genotypes in 2022 were in the Forest-Steppe (Ij = 0.9) and Polissia (Ij = 0.6) zones, in 2023 – Polissia (Ij = 0.2); the worst in 2022 – in the Steppe (Ij = –0.7), in 2023 – in the Steppe (Ij = –0.7) and ForestSteppe (Ij = –0.5) zones. In 2023, the best climatic conditions were in the Polissia zone (Ij = 0.2), the worst were in the points located in the Steppe (Ij = –0.7) and Forest Steppe (Ij = –0.5) zones. The theoretical yield values of the varieties at the research points did not differ from the actual values and averaged 7.1 t/ha, ranging from 6.0 to 8.1 t/ha. High homeostaticity and low level of variation (V ≤ 10.0%) were found in the varieties ‘Yevraziia’ (Hom = 15.6), ‘Dekaster’ (Hom = 15.2), ‘FORSAIT’ (Hom = 13.9) and ‘LG Optimist’ (Hom = 12.1). In addition, ‘LG Optimist’ (Sc = 6.9) and ‘Dekaster’ (Sc = 6.6) had the highest breeding value. The variety ‘FORSAIT’ (bi = 0.2; S2 di = 0.24), with an average yield of 7.4 t/ha, has a high plasticity, so it is recommended to grow it on extensive backgrounds and in unfavorable conditions. Varieties ‘Yevraziia’, ‘Nosivochka’, ‘SOLIFLOR CS’, ‘Mizynka’, ‘Troiana’, ‘LG Optimist’, ‘Biskvit’, ‘MIP Dovira’, ‘Etual’, ‘Tvorchist Odeska’, ‘Attribut’, ‘Epihraf’, ‘Dekaster’, ‘Epitet’, ‘Jannis’, ‘Pamiati Horlacha’, ‘Trembita Bilotserkivska’ and ‘Slava Unavy’ with a combined manifestation of high ecological plasticity bi = 1 and stability S2 di = 0 in average grain yield 7.2 t/ha, according to the genotype respond well to the improvement of growing conditions and are stable, are considered the most practically valuable. Conclusions. New varieties of soft winter wheat, when grown in different soil and climatic conditions, fully develop their genetic potential under significant changes in environmental conditions and produce the highest yield that can be obtained under ideal conditions.

RESEARCH OF INNOVATIONS IN THE BANKING SECTOR OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES AND THE POSSIBILITY OF THEIR IMPLEMENTATION IN UKRAINE

The article reveals the peculiarities of the functioning of the domestic banking system and examines the latest innovative solutions in the banking sector of the leading countries of the world for the period from 2020 to 2024. The prerequisites for the most popular innovative solutions and ideas in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic are revealed. The author analyzes the situations that have contributed to instability, including the constant interference of cybercriminals and Russia's military actions against Ukraine.
 The author systematizes the main directions of development of innovations in the global banking sector and analyzes the possibilities of implementing the most promising ones in the functioning of Ukrainian banking institutions and ensuring their financial security.
 The author presents the signs and criteria of innovation and provides examples of an innovative approach to solving issues in the internal processes of banking activities. It is determined that the main features of banking innovations are: the presence of social and economic results, reduction of banking costs, reduction of banking risks, increase in the level of liquidity of banking institutions, the presence of unique consumer properties, globalization of banking institutions and increase in labor productivity in the banking sector. The author studies the trends of transformations in the digital component of the banking sector. Innovations in customer experience and marketing innovations in the global banking sector are analyzed.
 The main directions of development of the banking sector in the context of leading banking institutions are structured, direct ideas and solutions to modern economic challenges of both global and local scales are presented. Innovations in the internal processes of banking institutions in 2020-2023 in Poland, the USA and Spain are revealed.