Ukrainian Business Research Articles

The essence and characteristics of global value chains: theoretical aspect

The article carries out a comparative analysis of scientific approaches to understanding the essence of global value chains, as a result of which the author’s position on this issue is substantiated. It has been established that the territorial organization of international business and the international division of labor form the conceptual basis of the formation of global value chains. Special attention is paid to how processes of global economic integration contribute to constant modifications of value chains, as well as the importance of their effective management, which is a decisive factor in increasing the competitiveness of companies and countries. The article argues that participation in global value chains provides businesses and governments with significant benefits, such as access to new markets, increased production efficiency, and increased value added. At the same time, risks have been identified, in particular those related to the instability of supply chains, increased competition and dependence on global markets. Different types of global value chains and features of their management in the conditions of modern challenges of globalization are considered. Conclusions have been made regarding the prospects for the development of Ukrainian business based on the concept of global value chains, taking into account global trends and national features of the economy. The article is useful for scientists, specialists in the field of international business and economics, as well as for those who are interested in the integration of national economies into global production processes. A comparative analysis of the positions of modern scientists regarding the essence of global value chains was carried out. Reasoned author’s position on the issue of the essence of global value chains. It has been established that the territorial organization of international business, as well as the international division of labor, is the conceptual basis for the formation of global value chains. It is argued that in the conditions of strengthening integration processes in the global economy, constant modifications of global value chains take place, and their management becomes one of the important factors of competitiveness. The benefits that business units and countries receive from participating in global value chains are determined, and the associated risks are also identified. The typology of global value chains, features of their management are analyzed. Conclusions have been made regarding the prospects for domestic business development based on the concept of global value chains.

MARKETING PLANNING AT THE ESTABLISHMENT STAGE OF SMALL ENTERPRISES: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS

The article reveals the reasons for the turbulent and unstable external environment in Ukraine. The relevance of introducing marketing planning for small businesses in Ukraine at the stage of their formation substantiated. The key conditions for the development of small enterprises in pre-war Ukraine (2010, 2015, 2020) are identified. It turned out that the share of large enterprises in the overall structure of Ukrainian enterprises had a downward trend during the analyzed period. At the same time, the share of small and medium enterprises had a positive trend. During martial law, the Ukrainian economy suffered major losses. This led to a reduction in income in 70% of enterprises and a decline in the overall economic potential of the country. It has been established that during periods of instability, small businesses are able to adapt more quickly and develop in difficult conditions than large enterprises. It turned out that during the analyzed period (2022-2024), the number of small enterprises exceeds the indicator before the full-scale war, when more than 186 thousand new business entities opened during the same period. The problems of formation and development of small enterprises in Ukraine presented. The necessity of using marketing planning in the activities of small enterprises at the stage of their formation substantiated. The important functions of marketing planning presented. The place of marketing planning in the activities of small enterprises is determined. This proves that marketing planning in the activities of small enterprises at the beginning of their emergence is the result of a systematic, creative, but structured process. Typical recommendations for the course of marketing planning described. The immediacy and active participation of specialists in these processes shown. It has been proven that the use of marketing planning in the activities of small businesses at the stage of their formation will help to take into account the needs of target consumers as much as possible, effectively manage resources, promptly identify new opportunities and potential risks. In the conditions of the modern unstable market, it is advisable to take into account when forming tactical and strategic goals for the development of small businesses in Ukraine.

A SETTLEMENT AGREEMENT IN ECONOMIC PROCEEDINGS

The article examines a settlement agreement as one of conciliation procedures in economic proceedings. For reconciliation, the parties must take active joint actions to achieve a result. It was revealed that the procedure for the reconciliation of the parties and the content of the settlement agreement are not and cannot be established by the current procedural legislation, since it is actually a negotiation process that is impractical to regulate in detail. However, the draft settlement agreement as a result of joint efforts is submitted to the court for further approval, and approval is not a formal, automatic act of the court. Domestic procedural codes are analyzed and it is proven that the grounds for a judge’s refusal to approve a settlement agreement are clearly established by the procedural law, but are not identical in different laws. It is proposed to supplement Article 192 of the Economic Procedural Code of Ukraine with such reasons for refusing to approve a settlement agreement as "the terms of the agreement do not meet the interests of society" and “there are reasonable grounds to believe that the conclusion of the agreement was not voluntary, or the parties have not reconciled”. The author agrees with the position that the parties to the settlement agreement should reach a compromise on all important substantative legal issues that belong to the subject of the dispute and can be implemented by the participants in the case. On the other hand procedural issues cannot be a part of the settlement agreement. It is proposed to highlight the following positive features of the settlement agreement: 1) the settlement agreement allows the parties to resolve the conflict without a lengthy court process, saving time and resources of business and the judicial system; 2) the settlement agreement gives the parties the opportunity to go beyond the requirements and independently choose the terms of dispute resolution; 3) resolving the dispute through an settlement agreement contributes to maintaining good business relations between the parties; 4) settlement agreements reduce the burden on the judicial system; 5) the use of settlement agreements by Ukrainian business entities increases the competitiveness of the Ukrainian business environment in the world. The task of the court is to prevent abuses in the process of concluding a settlement agreement and the infringement of the interests of the parties as well as other persons.

Current state of legal regulation of economic activities in the field of organizing and conducting gambling

The article is devoted to the issues of characterizing the current state of development of legal regulation of economic activity in the field of organization and conduct of gambling. The development of the gambling industry and market in Ukraine, their impact on social processes, including negative ones, the speed of regulatory reaction, tax revenues and other factors, shows the importance of this type of economic activity in the general economic environment and the need for its comprehensive study. It was determined that the regulation of social relations of this type of economic activity is characterized by a variety of norms that are involved in this process from different branches of law and the presence of current socially significant problems, the response to which is associated with possible changes to legislation. A separate component of these processes is the effect of martial law in Ukraine and the efforts of the subjects of regulatory and legal regulation to use the discretionary powers granted in connection with this. In turn, such actions, regardless of their positive nature, have law enforcement risks associated with the «legal purity» of the adopted normative legal acts. The author examines the current state of legal regulation of economic activity in the field of gambling, considers the possibility of alternative approaches to the generalization of the results of such an analysis, depending on the type of economic relations. It was determined that at the current stage of the development of legislation on gambling, the regulation of such economic activity can be carried out not only with the help of special legislation, but also by individual legal acts (Decision of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine on the introduction of sanctions), which is contrary to legal principles and the jurisdictional criterion of the origin of regulatory influence. It is concluded that it is necessary to take into account the priority of legislative procedures before the regulatory reaction caused by the resonance of social problems, and it is proposed, taking into account the state of development of the gambling business in Ukraine, to apply special management regimes.

Characteristics of the legal status of an individual entrepreneur

The article examines the peculiarities of the legal status of an individual entrepreneur in the course of entrepreneurial activity. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that an individual entrepreneur is the most popular form of doing business in Ukraine due to a fairly simple registration procedure, low administration costs, and the possibility to use the simplified taxation system The purpose of the article is to determine the main characteristics of the legal status of an individual entrepreneur. The author examines the interpretation of the concept of an individual entrepreneur in the legal literature. The author establishes that the legal status of an individual entrepreneur is the legal status which certifies the right of a citizen to engage in entrepreneurial activity, in particular, independent, systematic, initiative, at his/her own risk economic activity carried out by an entrepreneur with a view to achieving certain economic and social results and making a profit. The author considers the main legal acts regulating the activities of individual entrepreneurs in Ukraine, in particular, the Constitution of Ukraine, the Civil Code of Ukraine, the Commercial Code of Ukraine, the Tax Code of Ukraine, the Law of Ukraine «On State Registration of Legal Entities, Individual Entrepreneurs and Public Organisations», decrees of the President of Ukraine, resolutions of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, and resolutions of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. The author analyses the peculiarities of registration of individual entrepreneurs, their basic rights and obligations. The author identifies the peculiarities of taxation of activities of an individual entrepreneur, in particular, the peculiarities of the general and simplified taxation systems. The general taxation system provides for the payment of personal income tax on a progressive scale, as well as military duty and a single social contribution. The simplified taxation system is divided into several groups, each of which has its own restrictions on the amount of income and the number of employees. The most popular is the second group, which allows you to run a business without employees and with a limit on income up to a certain amount. The article briefly describes how the beginning of the full-scale invasion and martial law affected the activities of individual entrepreneurs.

Some issues of state policy in the field of relocation of business entities under the influence of economically dangerous events

In recent years, Ukrainian businesses have been forced to make decisions to relocate their production and other facilities to safer regions of Ukraine or abroad. First of all, the relocation of business is directly related to the consequences of the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation (one of the types of economically dangerous events). It should be noted that Ukraine currently lacks a unified state policy on the relocation of business entities under the influence of economically dangerous events. This causes additional difficulties both for the business itself (business does not understand the direction of this policy) and for the state (due to the lack of a strategic vision). The article aims at defining the purpose of the State policy in the area of relocation of business entities under the influence of economically dangerous events and the basic principles of this policy. These are the principles on which the State policy is based and which ensure its effectiveness. The principles of the State policy in the field of relocation of economic entities under the influence of economically hazardous events are based on the principles of the State regulatory policy in the field of economic activity, which are most relevant. As a result of the study, the author defines the purpose of the state policy in the field of relocation of business entities under the influence of economically hazardous events, namely: to facilitate the continuity of economic activity under the influence of economically hazardous events by relocating production and other facilities to safer regions of Ukraine For the first time, the author outlines the main principles of the state policy in the field of relocation of economic entities under the influence of economically dangerous events: universal (expediency, adequacy, efficiency, timeliness, efficiency, balance, predictability, planning and forecasting, scientific support, transparency and openness, availability of state support); special (validity, security, integration, competition (ensuring a competitive component), promotion of territorial development, social responsibility). Each of these principles was also described.

Фактори активізації соціальних інвестицій бізнесу в Україні та Польщі

Introduction. Contemporary global challenges affect the development of business and the startup ecosystem around the world. In particular, the increase in geopolitical risks due to the full-scale war in Ukraine actualizes the issue of social investments of business. However, these processes have a different nature in different countries. For example, in Poland, social entrepreneurship is aimed at facilitating public access to social services, using new technologies and artificial intelligence for digitalization and increasing business competitiveness. An ecosystem of high-tech startups and social entrepreneurship is being formed at the state level. At the same time, in times of full-scale war in Ukraine, social investment of businesses has become especially important. A new approach to doing business is being formed, according to which startups develop not only new technologies but also support social and humanitarian initiatives. Problem Statement. Assessing the factors of social investment activation on the example of Ukrainian and Polish businesses. The purpose is to identify and evaluate the key factors influencing the development and efficiency of social investments in Polish and Ukrainian business. Methods. General scientific and special methods were used, in particular: scientific abstraction and epistemological (content) analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction, analogies and systematization, system-structural analysis, expert evaluation method, index method and grouping method. Results. The levels of manifestations and possibilities of activation of social investments at different levels, which is based on SDG standards (a combination of environmental, social and public management principles), which create the basis for sustainable development and growth in the world, have been studied. National economies and individual businesses incorporate ESG principles into their development strategies. Compliance with these principles is possible only if there is a sufficient amount of involved investments. The specifics of state policy in the context of the development of social investments, trends in the development of business and startups in Ukraine and Poland, and successful cases of the implementation of social business projects are analyzed. The conducted analysis made it possible to single out the factors of activation of social investments of business in both countries at the global, state and business levels. Conclusions. Today's challenges require a change in business priorities. Even high-tech startups are revising their development strategies in terms of social investments, activities in accordance with ESG principles. At the global level, factors for the activation of social business investments are common to Ukraine and Poland. At the state level, it is possible to distinguish common groups of factors of business activation in Ukraine and Poland, which have different manifestations for each of the countries. Business representatives demonstrate different approaches to social investments: Polish companies actively integrate corporate volunteering, educational and cultural projects into development strategies, while in Ukraine social entrepreneurship is associated with the need to restore social infrastructure, rehabilitation and integration of these groups into public life.

СТАТИСТИЧНИЙ АНАЛІЗ БІЗНЕС РИЗИКІВ В УКРАЇНІ В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ ТА ШЛЯХИ ЇХ ПОДОЛАННЯ

The article analyzes the main risks faced by business entities in Ukraine with a full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022. The modern dynamics of registration of new business entities since the beginning of the full-scale war for March - August 2022 were analyzed. The main problems that made it difficult to do business in Ukraine since the beginning of the full-scale invasion were identified, namely consumer insolvency, a drop in demand for the products of enterprises, and a lack of funding. , destruction of supply chains, long-term power outages due to military attacks on energy facilities, rising costs of raw materials, materials and energy resources, and a shortage of skilled workers. The article also analyzed the rating of doing business in strategic cities of Ukraine, namely Lviv, Odesa, Kharkiv and Dnipro. Preventive measures were also proposed to reduce business risks in Ukraine under martial law.Among the main recommendations: analysis of the insurance policy and the possibility of asset protection; development of crisis management and evacuation plans; strengthening relations with other companies and authorities to provide support in crisis; analysis of risks in the market and adaptation of production in accordance with changes in demand; development of different planning and budgeting scenarios for different market conditions; diversification of supply chains and search for alternative sources of raw materials; monitoring of financial markets and timely response to changes; development of a strategy to reduce currency risks and other financial losses; development of alternative sources of financing and investments; developing an emergency plan and having alternative suppliers of raw materials; ensuring the stability of infrastructure and transport links; monitoring of global events and geopolitical risks to predict possible supply interruptions; development of emergency power plans and backup solutions - to ensure power supply in case of energy shortage; reducing dependence on centralized energy sources and developing alternative energy sources, etc.

СОЦІАЛЬНА ВІДПОВІДАЛЬНІСТЬ БІЗНЕСУ: ОСНОВНІ СКЛАДОВІ ТА ПРІОРИТЕТНІ НАПРЯМИ РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ

The article examines the components and directions of the implementation of social responsibility of business, which are implemented under the influence of current events in Ukraine. Approaches to the definition of the concept of "social responsibility of business" according to scientists M. Friedman, G. Bowen, A. Carroll, from the position of the World Council of Entrepreneurs for Sustainable Development and the World Bank Institute are given. The relationship between social responsibility of business and sustainable development is indicated. Differences in the characteristics of social responsibility of business and philanthropy according to the criteria of involvement, purpose, participation in decision-making, strategicness and dependence on external circumstances are determined. It was established that the concept of social responsibility of business has a wider meaning than charity. Such key principles of social responsibility of business as openness, systematicity, reliability, regularity are indicated. The main components of internal and external social responsibility of business are revealed. The reasons that restrained the development of social responsibility of business in Ukraine are highlighted. The actions of the state regarding the activation of social responsibility in Ukraine are indicated. Measures have been taken by leading business structures regarding social responsibility at the beginning of hostilities in Ukraine in such areas as humanitarian aid to the population, support of medical facilities, evacuation and accommodation of the population from the areas of hostilities, organization of shelters for the population. The five-component model of social responsibility of business in war conditions is given and characterized according to the following components: business continuity, people's safety, army assistance, partnership, local communities. Referred to the results of the study of the sustainability of Ukrainian business during the war. Attention was focused on the following key directions of the SVB: systematization and coordination of corporate volunteering within the organization, the application of the practice of well-being (corporate well-being) and war/work balance (balancing work during the war) and Ukraine first, National Identity, Ukraine Culture Code.

Formation of a modern management model as a guarantee of the adaptation of Ukrainian business to the conditions of globalization

The article examines the peculiarities of the formation of the modern management model in Ukraine, considers the peculiarities of the national business culture and the characteristic features of modern management, defines the basis of modern concepts that should be the basis of the Ukrainian management model. The main directions of further management development in the 21st century to ensure the competitiveness of Ukrainian business and its adaptation to the conditions of globalization are scientifically based. The basic principles of building the Ukrainian management model, which are in line with global development trends, are proposed and substantiated. It was concluded that a balanced approach to the formation of the management team, taking into account the peculiarities of the Ukrainian mentality and the situation in which Ukraine found itself, is one of the most important strategic tasks for society in today's conditions. The transition to a market economy and the position of Ukrainian business in the international community largely depend on this.

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The article explores creative management of business structures' competitiveness during the war and the recovery of Ukraine's economy. It substantiates the importance of implementing innovative solutions such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and blockchain technologies, which help businesses adapt to challenging conditions and ensure efficient operations. It is found that innovative approaches contribute to optimizing production processes, reducing costs, and improving management practices, which enhances the competitiveness of Ukrainian businesses in both domestic and international markets. The research demonstrates that the use of technologies like IoT for production monitoring enables businesses to control production processes in real-time and reduce operational costs. Warehouse automation and the use of drones in logistics help minimize risks for workers and improve the accuracy of operations, which is crucial during wartime. This illustrates the ability of Ukrainian entrepreneurs to quickly adapt to new challenges and effectively utilize technological innovations to maintain business resilience. However, the implementation of innovations during wartime presents its own risks, including cybersecurity issues, high costs of technology adoption, and infrastructure instability. Despite these challenges, businesses that adopt creative solutions show readiness for change and ensure continuity of operations by employing strategic innovative management approaches. This allows them to function effectively in unstable conditions and lay the groundwork for long-term development. The article concludes that innovative thinking and creative management are key to enhancing the competitiveness of Ukrainian business structures in the challenging conditions of war and recovery. The adoption of the Internet of Things and other innovative solutions is a crucial factor for ensuring the sustainable development of businesses and Ukraine's economy in modern conditions. Keywords: creative management, competitiveness, innovative solutions, Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), blockchain, business structures, Ukraine's economy, war, recovery, automation, risk management, digitalization

Деформації інституту соціального діалогу в Україні як чинник суспільної десолідаризації

It is shown that the effect of solidarity significantly enhances the mobilization potential of society, being applied at all levels of social organization, including the family, territorial community, and the business environment. The authors emphasize that the new social reality in Ukraine, which is being formed in the context of a full-scale Russian invasion, as well as the risk of loss of state integrity and statehood as such, determines the need to lay the basic principles of solidarity based on the coherence of actions of all subjects of social organization in the basis of the ideology of national state-building. The authors reveal the social phenomenon of solidarization as a result of reaching joint agreements and making consolidated decisions on the formation and implementation of the State socio-economic policy, which allowed establishing its close connection with the process of social dialogue. The relevance of the societal dimension of the functioning of the national system of tripartite social partnership in the context of military shocks is substantiated. Within the framework of institutional and comparative methodology, the modern role of tripartite social partnership and the impact of the institution of social dialogue in Ukraine on the processes of its social solidarity in the (pre)war period are revealed. It is proved that social dialogue plays a leading role in addressing issues related to achieving the criteria of decent work, ensuring social guarantees, promoting international labour standards, regulating non-standard forms of employment, ensuring equality in the field of labour, as well as digital and "green" transitions. It is established that the imbalance of interests of the parties to social dialogue in Ukraine is characterized by insufficient protection and lack of guarantees of decent work for employees, on the one hand, and the unmet needs of Ukrainian business for qualified and highly productive labour, on the other. It is emphasized that one of the consequences of this imbalance is the desolidating phenomenon of labour poverty. The authors identify and statistically substantiate the main deformations of the institution of social dialogue in Ukraine, which were formed in the pre-war period. On the basis of specific examples from the period of martial law in Ukraine, the contribution to social solidarity of domestic employers' associations and trade unions is shown. Considering social dialogue as an institutional component of the social contract, the article establishes that the deformed system of social dialogue in Ukraine causes the erosion of its social contract – the framework for solidarity of citizens. It is shown that maintaining a high level of solidarity among the population of Ukraine is important in the context of its official status as an EU candidate country in June 2022. The article summarizes recommendations for solving the problems of social dialogue in Ukraine in the post-war period of reconstructive recovery of the Ukrainian economy, based on modern international approaches and practices. The authors propose relevant directions for the development of tripartite social partnership, taking into account current trends in the digitalization of the economy and society, as well as the spread of new non-standard forms of employment, including platform employment.

ЧИННИКИ ТА ІНСТРУМЕНТИ ЗБЕРЕЖЕННЯ І ПІДТРИМКИ БІЗНЕСУ В УМОВАХ ВІЙНИ: ФІНАНСОВІ ТА СТРАХОВІ АСПЕКТИ

The article considers the aspects of ensuring the viability of economic entities in the critically difficult conditions of a full-scale war. As stated, in world practice, the fact of the functioning of the national economy of a country under military aggression, and even more so the preservation of the viability of economic agents, is considered paradoxical a priori. However, this has been a common practice for Ukraine for three years. The purpose of the study is to identify the factors and justify the tools of the state and corporate policy of preserving and supporting Ukrainian business in the conditions of war with the use of financial and insurance means for such purposes. Threats to the financial security of domestic economic entities in war conditions were determined by such components of security as credit, insurance, monetary, budgetary and tax, investment and fund security. Based on the same components, a policy toolkit for supporting domestic business in wartime conditions was developed, in particular in the sense of financial and insurance aspects of regulation. It was established that in the conditions of a full-scale war, the following became the dominant threats to the financial security of domestic business entities: freezing of investment projects, loss of foreign investment, destruction of facilities (investment component of financial security of enterprises); complication of attracting financial and credit resources, growth of external and internal debt, difficulty of attracting credit funds (credit component); devaluation of the national monetary unit, slowdown in the circulation of funds, difficulties in settlements with counterparties (monetary component); increase in the level of tax liabilities, decrease in the level of budget investment, delays in calculations (budget and tax component); problems of securities issuance, a decrease in the level of dividend distribution, the decline of the country’s stock system (stock component); aggravation of the problems of insurance of military risks, increase in the cost of insurance services, actualization of the problems of internal and self-insurance (insurance component). Policy instruments for strengthening the financial security of business in wartime conditions have been defined. This is the diversification of sources of investment formation, consideration of investment options abroad, however, for the production of products in the domestic market; activation of cooperation programs between enterprises to replace credit resources, optimization of internal and external debt, replacement of part of operations in foreign currency, formation of insurance and reserve funds, "decomposition" of business into separate components, detinization and legalization of business, proactive state policy in this area, use of public investment instruments, improvement of conditions for purchasing OVDP bonds, diversification of state securities, active investment policy of enterprises, improvement of war risk insurance instruments, active involvement of foreign companies to the domestic insurance market.

THEORETICAL AND CONCEPTUAL BASIS OF ECOLOGICAL BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT

The state of development of ecological business in Ukraine today is characterized by a gradual increase in interest in sustainable development and the introduction of green technologies. The main obstacles remain imperfect legislation, lack of state support and funding, lack of proper infrastructure and insufficient level of environmental awareness among the population. In this context, there is also a need to develop theoretical and conceptual foundations that will help to clearly define approaches, principles and models of ecological business development. The purpose of the article is to determine the theoretical and conceptual foundations of the development of ecological business. The current state of development of ecological business in Ukraine is analyzed. It is noted that the development of ecological business is of key importance for the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine, as it contributes to the creation of a sustainable and environmentally responsible economy. It has been established that the development of ecological business can help Ukraine adapt to new international standards and requirements for sustainable development, which will contribute to the country's integration into global economic processes. The necessity and importance of researching the theoretical foundations of ecological business development in the context of the domestic economy has been proven. The components of the theoretical and conceptual foundations of the formation and development of ecological business are defined and revealed. The prospects for the development of ecological business in Ukraine are analyzed. Thus, ecological business is based on several key theoretical foundations, including the concept of sustainable development, the theory of natural capital, and the circular economy model. The conceptual foundations of the development of ecological business include the principles of ecological management, innovativeness and ecological technologies, as well as social responsibility of business. It is noted that for the further development of ecological business in Ukraine, a clear strategy is needed, which will include stimulating investments, improving legislation, developing infrastructure and increasing environmental awareness of society.

Regulatory framework for the formation of sustainability reporting

This article is dedicated to the study of the regulatory framework for the formation of sustainability reporting, the relevance of which is determined by the increasing impact of enterprisesʼ activities on the environment, society, and the economy. To date, the formation of sustainability reporting for Ukrainian enterprises is not mandatory, but in the context of enhanced European integration, understanding international and European reporting standards becomes critically important. The aim of the research is to review the current regulatory framework for the formation of sustainability reporting and to develop proposals for its implementation in the activities of Ukrainian business entities. The article analyzes the standards of the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS), and the standards of the International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB). GRI offers universal, thematic, and sectoral standards that provide a comprehensive approach to disclosing information about the impacts of an enterprise on the economy, society, and the environment. The ESRS standards, which have become mandatory for large companies and enterprises whose shares are listed on EU stock exchanges, aim at harmonizing sustainability reporting within the framework of the European Green Deal. ISSB standards, which include recommendations from SASB, TCFD, and CDSB, ensure the disclosure of financially significant information for investors. The analysis showed that all three systems of standards are largely aligned with each other, which facilitates the process of transition between them for enterprises. The use of GRI standards in Ukraine can serve as a basis for further transition to ESRS and ISSB standards in the event of Ukraineʼs accession to the EU. The article emphasizes the importance of developing methodological recommendations for the implementation of GRI for Ukrainian enterprises. The conclusions of the study indicate the necessity of actively implementing international sustainability reporting standards in Ukraine to enhance transparency, stakeholder trust, and strategic enterprise management.

Does the Source of FDI Matter? The Case of Tax Havens

Abstract This paper estimates the benefits of FDI for firm performance, differentiating source countries between tax havens and non–tax havens. Using longitudinal data on more than 300,000 initially domestic firms in Ukraine between 1999 and 2013 and employing propensity score matching and panel data methods, this study finds that firms acquired by non–tax haven foreign investors experience substantial increases in employment, productivity, exports, and wages, but the gains are much lower and shorter-lived for firms receiving FDI from tax havens. These findings, based on econometric analysis of nearly the universe of Ukrainian businesses, are consistent with macroeconomic studies and anecdotal evidence that much of the tax-haven FDI in Ukraine actually represents domestic ownership channeled through offshore companies. This “round-trip FDI” results in negligible effects on firm performance and, at a macro level, it overstates the amount of genuine FDI flows into Ukraine.

Ukrainian Economy in the Era of Digital Branding: Risks and Opportunities

In the global digital economy, this study examines how digital branding affects the competitiveness and market growth of Ukrainian businesses. The study uses a meta-analysis of 50 quantitative studies to determine the effectiveness of digital branding strategies. It focuses on key areas including data analytics, personalized marketing, and reaching a global market. A thorough search strategy was used to find relevant studies that had been published in peer-reviewed journals, conference proceedings, and other academic works. The digital archives of the Ukrainian National Library, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were some of the databases that were searched. The keywords that were searched for included "digital branding," "Ukraine," "online consumer behaviour," "data privacy in digital marketing," "digital marketing strategies," "branding challenges in emerging markets," and others that were similar. To ensure the reliability and validity of these findings, a rigorous grading methodology was employed. Studies were assessed based on their sample size, research design, and the robustness of their statistical analyses. The grading process allowed for the categorization of studies into different quality tiers, ensuring that the meta-analysis drew primarily from high-quality sources. This approach strengthens the confidence in the effect sizes reported. Digital branding makes a big difference in the market and in getting people to interact with a brand. For example, targeted marketing through data analytics has an overall effect size of 0.56, and personalized digital experiences have an effect size of 0.60. However, the study also finds numerous problems, especially when it comes to data security. An effect size of 0.51 shows that problems related to privacy are concerning, and an effect size of 0.46 demonstrates a lack of trust in companies. These results show that Ukrainian businesses need to take strong steps to protect customer data and follow clear business practices. The study found that digital branding can help Ukraine's economy grow, but the pros and cons must be carefully weighed against the need for proactive risk management. This study has a lot to teach businesses and policymakers who want to make their digital branding strategies better for long-term economic growth.

Optimization of business processes: commercialization of ideas, taxation, business ethics

Introduction. This paper explores the critical role of entrepreneurship in Ukraine's economy, particularly under the strain of ongoing military conflicts and the vulnerability of micro and small enterprises. The purpose of the paper is to thoroughly investigate the current challenges facing micro and small businesses in Ukraine, with a specific focus on optimizing entrepreneurial processes to withstand economic instability. The study seeks to develop a comprehensive framework that incorporates effective business strategies, ethical communication practices, and a streamlined taxation system to enhance the operational efficiency and profitability of these enterprises. By addressing these key aspects, the paper intends to contribute valuable insights into the stabilization and growth of businesses during times of crisis. Results. The research highlights several innovative findings crucial for the sustainability and competitiveness of micro and small businesses in Ukraine. First, the study identifies the necessity of continuous process optimization, including the elimination of inefficiencies and the enhancement of team collaboration. It emphasizes the importance of strategic business communications tailored to the needs and expectations of specific target audiences, ensuring clarity and engagement. The paper also explores the integration of ethical practices in business operations, advocating for transparency and honesty in dealings with clients and regulatory bodies. Furthermore, the analysis underlines the significant impact of a reformed taxation framework that supports business growth while ensuring compliance with legal standards. These findings underscore the interconnectedness of these factors and their collective impact on business resilience and market positioning. Conclusion. The study concludes that a multifaceted approach encompassing process optimization, ethical business practices, and strategic tax planning is essential for the survival and growth of micro and small enterprises in Ukraine's challenging economic landscape.

Теоретичні засади формування корпоративної соціальної відповідальності в агробізнесі

The research paper aims to substantiate the theoretical foundations of corporate social responsibility, determine its place and role in modern economic science, and analyze the features of corporate social responsibility in agribusiness. In the article, we used the abstract-logical method to identify the theoretical foundations of the development of corporate social responsibility in agribusiness. Additionally, we researched the evolution of management practice and various approaches to interpreting the concept of “corporate social responsibility” using a monographic approach. We also used the method of analysis and synthesis to identify the key characteristics of corporate social responsibility and to distinguish the levels of corporate social responsibility in agribusiness. The article explores the development of “corporate social responsibility”. It defines a system of critical concepts, introductory provisions, and approaches that form the framework of corporate social responsibility. The concept of “corporate social responsibility” is theoretically interpreted and is commonly viewed as one of the elements of sustainable development. The article also discusses the specificities of using different approaches to interpret the concept of “corporate social responsibility” in management practice — elements of scientific novelty. A thorough analysis of the main characteristic features of corporate social responsibility was carried out, and the levels of corporate social responsibility in agribusiness were determined. The essential elements of internal and external corporate social responsibility in agrarian business were identified. Research has established that the most acceptable approach is that corporate social responsibility in agribusiness is considered the responsibility of an enterprise in the agrarian sector to its employees and other stakeholders (society, consumers, state authorities, public organizations, etc.), with which the organization interacts in the process own activity. The author has developed a mechanism for implementing the concept of corporate social responsibility in agribusiness. Practical relevance. Implementation of a mechanism for the implementation of social responsibility in agribusiness developed by the author in the activities of enterprises of the agrarian sector of the economy of Ukraine (based on the systematization of internal and external CSR with a division into reactive and strategic), which will contribute to the mitigation of already existing problems and negative consequences of the company’s activities and the successful implementation of the strategy CSR regarding the formation of a positive image of agrarian formations. Keywords: social responsibility, corporate social responsibility, corporation, the concept of implementation of state policy in the sphere of promoting the development of socially responsible business in Ukraine, agribusiness, and the mechanism of implementation of the concept of CSR in agribusiness.

Інституціональний базис для регулювання ринку логістичних послуг в україні та її регіонах з боку держави

The transformation of the Ukrainian economy towards market relations has brought to light significant imbalances in the logistics sector. A lack of an adequate theoretical framework and a clear state policy in this area has led to several problems. These include insufficient information support of logistics processes, a limited number of large logistics operators, and a need for more research and development in logistics. These factors complicate the optimization of trade flows and reduce the competitiveness of Ukrainian enterprises, making it an urgent matter that requires immediate attention. This publication aims to provide a detailed study of the system architecture and the evolution of forms of state regulation in the logistics sector. The architecture of the state regulation system in logistics provides a structured and comprehensive approach to managing logistics processes at the state level. It includes several main components that interact to ensure the effective functioning of the logistics services market. It is necessary to implement modern approaches to the state regulation of logistics services to ensure the Ukrainian economy’s sustainable development and improve citizens’ quality of life. These approaches can potentially revolutionize the sector, bringing about significant improvements. In particular, the priority task is to create a single digital window platform that will combine all permitting procedures into a single electronic service. At the same time, the government should actively work on harmonizing Ukrainian customs legislation with European standards, which will significantly simplify customs formalities and speed up the movement of goods. Implementing these measures will help increase the competitiveness of Ukrainian businesses and attract foreign investment, paving the way for a brighter future for the Ukrainian logistics sector. It is crucial to ensure close cooperation between the state and business. Regular consultations, transparency of regulatory procedures, and flexibility of legislation are critical factors for attracting investment and stimulating innovation. Introducing special tax regimes, such as corporate tax rebates for companies investing in infrastructure development and support for start-ups and innovative companies, will help modernize the industry and increase efficiency. However, the most significant step is harmonizing Ukrainian legislation with European standards. This is not just a formality but a significant milestone that will facilitate Ukraine’s integration into the European Economic Area, opening new opportunities for the Ukrainian logistics sector and paving the way for its growth and development. Keywords: state regulation, institutionalism, institutional framework, logistics, logistics sector, logistics regulation.