Ukraine In Recent Years Research Articles

Anti-crisis adaptation of the Ukrainian tourism industry

With the development of tourism, a tourism companies or destinations become as dependent as possible on a wide variety of political, social and economic events, and this actualizes a number of risks and increases vulnerability to a potential crisis. The set of crises that befell Ukraine throughout the 21st century, each time destabilized the progressive development of the tourism sector, pushed entrepreneurial initia­tives back into the past. Mitigating the impact of crisis phenomena on the development of tourism cannot be imagined without a detailed statistical analysis of these impacts and the level of adap­tability of tourism as a whole and its individual branches. The purpose of the article is to reveal the impact of several large-scale crises of the 21st century on Ukrainian tourism and study the degree of adaptability of its industries through a number of indicators, including the economic and financial results of the relevant business entities. The main hypothesis of the study was that different sectors of the economy, the enter­prises of which are part of the tourism sector, are characterized by different degrees of adaptabi­lity to large-scale crises. When writing the article, the results of several state statistical observations and expert assessments were used. The article examines in detail the ways in which crises and upheavals have shaped and changed the tourism landscape of Ukraine in recent years. The study highlights the tangible, measu­rable consequences of major shocks – from a sharp decrease in the number of tourists and their behavior patterns to sharp changes in the economic results of the sectorʼs enterprises. The work aims to provide a detailed understanding of the sustainability and adaptability of the two main sectors of tourism - the hospitality and tour operating sectors. This analysis highlights the factors that have enabled certain tourism sectors to withstand the crises of recent years, while others may have struggled to adapt and recover. By carefully cataloging these trends and pat­terns, research provides information that can help design mitigation strategies

Peculiarities of forensic characterization in the investigation of criminal offenses committed by judges

The article is devoted to the analysis of the degree of scientific development of the issues of criminalistic characterization. The scientific approaches to determining the essence of the criminalistic characterization of crimes in the structure of the investigation methodology are considered. The importance of this scientific category is emphasized. It is noted that one of the most important components in the structure of the forensic methodology is the forensic characterization of a crime. The author reviews the literature in the field of criminal law, criminal procedure, forensics, and operational and investigative activities related to abuse of power or official position by a judge in the administration of justice, and also their detection and investigation. The author presents different approaches to the concept and structure of forensic characteristics in general and, in particular, to the structure of forensic characteristics of acceptance of an offer, promise or receipt of an unlawful benefit. Based on the results of the analysis of court practice on combating undue advantage in Ukraine in recent years, it is established that a significant share of such encroachments falls on the judiciary. The author analyzes the concept and components of the forensic characterization of criminal offenses committed by judges. It is found that its structure includes the following elements: identity of the offender, identity of the victim, method of commission, object of the offense, setting, time and place of commission, motive and purpose of the criminal offense, typical traces of the crime (“trace pattern”). The existence of interrelations between the elements of forensic characterization makes it possible to use a systematic approach in the study of this issue. It is stated that the subject of criminal encroachment is an unlawful remuneration; the author identifies the ways of committing and concealing a crime; the author proposes to divide the ways of direct receipt of unlawful benefit into certain types; the elements of the “trace picture” are revealed; it is emphasized that the most typical places of giving and receiving unlawful benefit by judges are the office, other premises of a particular institution or organization, and public places; the author also emphasizes the characteristic features of the offender and the victim. The analysis of monographs, dissertations and other scientific works on the outlined issues has shown that the fundamentals of the methodology for investigating criminal offenses committed by judges remain undeveloped.

The state of the property insurance market of Ukraine in the conditions of war

Introduction. The paper highlights the theoretical and methodological foundations of the functioning of the property insurance market in Ukraine. It was determined that property insurance is of crucial importance for raising the standard of living of the population and creating a strong system of protection of state finances, ensuring the stability of the country's economy. The purpose of the paper is to determine the essence of insured property and research the state of the property insurance market of Ukraine during the period of martial law. Results. The current trends in the development of property insurance in Ukraine are considered. The paper examines and analyzes the current state of the property insurance market of Ukraine and the main indicators of insurance activity for 2021-2023. It was determined that property insurance is the largest branch of the insurance market of Ukraine, and despite all the problems related to the war, the Ukrainian insurance market continued active recovery in 2023. The main problems of the property insurance market, which restrain its development, are identified, directions for its improvement and further development are proposed. In order to develop the insurance property of Ukraine after the war, it was proposed to soften the regulatory requirements for calculating contributions, reduce the tax burden on insurance activity, strengthen the control of insurance payments, and ensure the possibility of preferential lending. Conclusions. Analysis of the development of property insurance in Ukraine in recent years allows us to come to the disappointing conclusion that the war significantly affected the development of property insurance, there was a significant decrease in insurance premiums and insurance payments in 2020. But in 2023, the property insurance market of Ukraine began to grow, which indicates its readiness for adaptation and recovery in the post-war years.

E-PARTICIPATION IN THE TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES OF UKRAINE IN THE TIME OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION PROCESSES: ELECTRONIC PETITIONS

The article examines the processes of implementation and effectiveness of electronic petitions in the context of public participation in Ukraine in recent years. The issue of introducing democratic innovations and e-participation in communities is considered, on the one hand, inextricably linked to the ongoing processes of Ukraine’s accession to the European Union, and, on the other hand, taking into account the challenges and limitations caused by the Russian full-scale war and the introduction of martial law in Ukraine. Electronic petitions are identified as an effective additional mechanism that can serve as a “public voice” at critical moments in the implementation of democratic reforms, recovery and reconstruction processes. Today in Ukraine, petitions are more common at the national level than at the local level. To analyze the state of use of the tool, we collected data from open sources, namely the EDEM digital platform (15 communities), local government websites (7 communities), and an earlier analytical study by the NGO “Chesno Movement”. The study focuses on the key factors that can affect the effectiveness of local governments in directly generating quality policies and implementing such participatory forms on the ground. These factors include security criteria; legislative conflicts caused by the introduction of martial law; physical and psychological exhaustion of employees, which affects the efficiency of service delivery and information; and technical problems. The conclusions note that in the process of effective use of electronic petitions, the key issue is the clear regulation of the procedure for applying the tool in the community charter, as well as the institutional capacity of the local self-government body to ensure a communication campaign on the availability of such a tool and further consideration of the received petitions in accordance with the procedure set out in the charter. Recommendations are made to improve the effectiveness of implementation of participation tools and involvement of citizens in these processes at the local level in general and in the case of electronic petitions in particular.

Peculiarities of regulation of various types of non-contractual obligations in the field of international private law

The article reveals certain types of non-contractual obligations (NCO) in the field of private international law (PIL). The common features and differences between certain types of NCO in Ukraine and other countries of the Romano-Germanic legal family through the usage of the comparative legal method are described. The article reveals such types of obligations in PIL as: tort/delict obligations; obligations arising out of unjust enrichment; obligations arising out of damage caused by a product, work, service; culpa in contrahendo; negotiorum gestio. The article substantiates that NCO arise, first of all, between persons who are not in a contractual relationship, or between persons who are bound by a contract, but the damage is not caused in connection with a violation of contractual obligations. The article reveals the main provisions of conflict regulation of NCO. The issue of refusal to use the general collision binding of the place of harm (lex loci delicti commissi) is being studied. Nowadays, instead of that collision binding, which was originally used for each type of non-contractual obligation, several alternative collision bindings are used. In addition to the law of the place where the tort was committed, the article also reveals the features of using such collision bindings as the citizenship of the parties or the place of residence of the parties of the legal relationship, the place of release of the goods, the place of registration of the vehicle, etc. The article highlights some aspects of the recent reform of civil legislation and PIL, in particular. The root cause of the reform and renewal of domestic legislation in various areas, which is caused by the European integration processes taking place in Ukraine in recent years, is revealed. The article substantiates the active recodification of civil legislation introduced by the Government of Ukraine, aimed at eliminating certain shortcomings and contradictions in national civil legislation and harmonizing it with the legislation of the European Union. The article places special emphasis on the need to update national legislation and bring it into line with European standards for democratization and liberalization of all spheres of life.

Simulation of decision-making processes regarding the formation of an invest-ment portfolio using IT

Significant changes observed in the global economy and in particular in Ukraine in recent years have significantly increased interest in the problems of investment theory. An example of this is the intensification of trading in shares of large and medium-sized international companies and cryptocurrencies, which causes a rapid increase in their values. It is known that in the theory of investments, the task of optimizing the set of components of investment portfolios is considered as a special case. As you know, the issue of decision-making regarding the formation and optimization of an investment portfolio is in the field of attention both for large investment companies and for private investors, since when choosing among possible alternatives for the distribution of capital investments within the market of financial assets, the investor will receive different results. As a result, it is necessary to understand the amount of income received during the period of ownership of the investment portfolio. It is known, according to Gary Markowitz's theory of investment risk, that the optimal distribution of the filling of the investment portfolio should provide the best income while maintaining the lowest risks. At the same time, the decision regarding the structure of capital distribution is often made in conditions of uncertainty, and the profitability of investing capital in investment objects is of a random nature. Since uncertainty creates additional risks, the investment of capital and the task of optimizing the investment portfolio must be considered and solved in the presence of risk. At the same time, effective investment activities require the use of special mathematical methods and informational tools to support decision-making. In the article, using the Ruby programming language, a model is proposed that can be used in the decision-making process when forming a set of components of a portfolio of securities, which allows potential investors to independently assess the effectiveness of a set of investment portfolios by comparing the growth dynamics of shares available on the financial market. It is known that most of the information an investor encounters is in a tabular format, and according to the methodology of scientific knowledge, a person better perceives visualized ways of presenting information. The model proposed in the work uses visualization tools built into the software product, which presents available tabulated information in a structured graphic form.

Efficiency of Immunoblot While Determination of Antibodies to Treponema Pallidum in Cerebrospinal Fluid

BACKGROUND: A decrease in the incidence of syphilis has been observed in the world and in Ukraine in recent years. At the same time, an increase in cases of neurosyphilis is recorded. Diagnosis of neurosyphilis is quite difficult and based on the correct interpretation of the complex of various diagnostic tests. OBJECTIVES: The paper is aimed to determine diagnostic potential of treponemal tests (TTs) and evaluate effectiveness of Treponema pallidum immunoblot (TPI) while research on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in differential diagnosis of neurosyphilis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The research object was CSF of patients with late forms of syphilis. The regulated serological and immunological methods in accordance with current guidelines and orders of the Ministry of Healthcare of Ukraine were used for laboratory diagnosis of neurosyphilis: Enzyme immunoassays (EIA), fluorescent treponemal antibody (FTA), T. pallidum hemagglutination assay (TPHA), and TPI. RESULTS: Effectiveness of TTs in the diagnosis of neurosyphilis while research on 23 samples of CSF was carried out by the following methods: EIA (Immunoglobulin [Ig]M + IgG), FTA, andTPHA. The above-mentioned TTs used in serological diagnosis of CSF do not always meet the problem of confirming neurosyphilis diagnosis. According to these investigations, both positive and false positive results were obtained. In order to verify the diagnosis, a study on positive and false positive samples of CSF by TPI method was carried out. Positive results were obtained in 13 samples with the established duration of the disease. CONCLUSIONS: TPI is an optimal treponemal immunological method of examination of CSF to diagnose neurosyphilis with a high degree of reliability. The use of TPI while research on CSF makes it possible to verify the diagnosis of neurosyphilis by differentiated detection of antibodies to the most immunogenic antigens of T. pallidum eliminating the subjective factor of the reaction and simplifies diagnostic procedure.

Hotel industry of Ukraine in crisis conditions: challenges, trends, prospects

Hotel industry of Ukraine in crisis conditions: challenges, trends, prospects

Food Insecurity in the Middle East, the Black Sea Grain Initiative, and Türkiye

Almost all Middle Eastern nations now struggle with malnutrition and allocate a significant portion of their oil earnings to food. In addition to already challenging and changing climate and water pressure, ongoing conflict and the war atmosphere, poverty, a lack of purchasing power, and pandemic diseases in the region all seem to play a role. However, the deepening of Russia’s conflicts with Ukraine in recent years has made matters worse for the hungry in this fragile region and placed even self-sufficient nations in a precarious position. This paper addresses the Black Sea Grain Corridor Initiative, which was implemented through diplomatic measures hosted by Türkiye and guaranteed the secure transportation of Ukrainian grain to international markets. The study begins with a thorough discussion of the origins and effects of food insecurity in Middle Eastern countries. The second part examines the impact of this initiative on regional politics. To address the current issue, an integrated approach built on comprehension of cause-and-effect interactions has been implemented. The findings were gathered using a data collection technique.

ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ Soft Open Point ДЛЯ ОПТИМІЗАЦІЇ ВТРАТ ЕЛЕКТРОЕНЕРГІЇ В РОЗПОДІЛЬНИХ ЕЛЕКТРИЧНИХ МЕРЕЖАХ

The increase in consumer load and the introduction of renewable energy sources lead to the need for reconstruction or modernization of distribution electrical networks. In global practice, unified devices based on modern power electronics are increasingly being used. This equipment is expensive, but in recent years in Ukraine the cost of electricity has increased significantly, which ensures the technical and economic efficiency of installing these devices. One such device is the Soft Open Point (SOP), which is used in distribution networks to reduce electrical energy consumption by compensating reactive power and redistributing active power in adjacent feeders. The article analyzes the dependence of electricity consumption on the mode of operation of the SOP and determines the regularities of optimizing the mode of its operation according to the criterion of minimum electricity consumption. A calculation was made based on real data of F-33 and F-45 of Khmelnytskyi REM using a typical daily load schedule of household consumers, which showed a reduction of active electricity losses by 14.2%. We also offer a control strategy based on balanced real and apparent component voltages between nodes of the installed SOP. The results of the control strategy were verified according to the steady-state calculation of the network with fixed loads. Then, before analyzing the results, the reduction of annual electricity costs due to the placement of the SOP was calculated, and its useful life was calculated, which is 8 years, and when the load is tripled, the useful life decreases to 2.8 years. The obtained results substantiate the possibility of abandoning the SOP, in order to optimize electricity losses, in the distribution power networks of Ukraine.

PROCESSING, ANALYSIS & ANALYTICS OF BIG DATA FOR THE INNOVATIVE MANAGEMENT

The changes that have taken place in the economy of Ukraine in recent years as a result of the consistent impact of global macroeconomic, epidemiological and military factors of the current deep crisis have actualized for organizations, enterprises and corporations the urgent need to maximize their effectiveness, the key component of which is the innovative management of their complex projects. The primary scientific and practical results presented in the article regarding the specifics of the methodology and technologies of deep intellectual analysis and analytics of Big structured and semi-structured Data in innovative project management must be taken into account during crisis reengineering of the management systems of domestic private and public organizations, enterprises and corporations. Moreover, the obtained results are relevant and applicable for not only local organizations, enterprises and corporations, but for international on emerging markets in the context of future global and regional macroeconomic and possible epidemical crisis phenomena.

Problems of Occupational Injuries and Ways of Its Reduction on Example of Ukraine

Manuscript presents a study of the causes of accidents on the example of Ukraine in recent years, considering the peculiarities of the modern period. The relevance of this study is due to the high level of industrial injuries in Ukraine compared to the industrialized countries of the European Union. Data on the dynamics of the causes of accidents for the period from 2015 to 2022 are presented. Data for the study were taken from open sources of information. The most trauma-dangerous industries of the national economy are considered. Proposed measures to reduce the level of injury in Ukraine. The analysis of the obtained results showed a certain dependence of the causes of accidents on the coronavirus infection. An unchanging leading position in the organizational causes of accidents has been established. According to the results of the study, regularities were established regarding the most traumatic sectors of the economy in the presented years. The predominance of organizational causes of industrial injuries due to the low motivational component of occupational safety is shown. The need to improve training on occupational health and safety issues for employees at all levels was noted. It was established that the reduction of industrial injuries is impossible without the teaching of labor protection issues in institutions of higher education by future heads of structural divisions and leading specialists. Mandatory review and re-approval of the instructions, the violation of which led to an accident, is proposed. It is recommended to apply mandatory professional selection and more thorough control over periodic preventive medical examinations.

REENGINEERING BUSINESS PROCESSES IN THE CONTEXT OF ENSURING INCLUSIVE DEVELOPMENT OF ENTERPRISES

The deep and prolonged socio-economic crisis observed in Ukraine in recent years has caused a number of problems in the development of domestic enterprises. Financial instability, inflationary processes, devaluation of the national currency, and now the challenges of a full-scale war and the consequences of active hostilities on the territory of Ukraine have led to an imbalance in the system of inter-sectoral relations. Constant missile attacks and extensive damage caused by the aggressor country's terrorist actions have significantly destabilised the operations of Ukrainian enterprises, critically limiting their resource capabilities (human, material, financial) and, consequently, their competitive potential. Significant uncertainty and turbulence in the external environment as a result of a combination of internal and external destabilising factors in the context of wartime challenges have made strategic planning impossible for producers. Therefore, the issues of finding approaches for effective management of enterprises, their restructuring and rehabilitation by identifying development priorities and formulating policies for their implementation are of particular relevance. The purpose of the study is to analyse theoretical and methodological approaches to the implementation of anti-crisis management models, to rethink the concept of enterprise development in terms of the need for strategic changes in the new economic realities, and to make a critical assessment of the system of management technologies, one of which is business process reengineering. To achieve this goal, general scientific methods of cognition were used: deduction and induction, analysis and synthesis, and generalisation. An important result of the work is the identification of a relevant link between the achievement of sustainable development goals, ensuring inclusiveness of activities and the content of business process reengineering as an anti-crisis paradigm in the current economic environment of Ukrainian enterprises. The results obtained are of practical value for economic systems focused on radical redesign and fundamental rethinking of business processes in order to achieve a significant improvement in the quality of human capital use.

Comparison of Educational Development Trends in Ukraine and the World

The article examines the trends in the development of the educational system in recent years in Ukraine and the world in the context of neuropedagogy. Particular attention is paid to the factors that have influenced the strengthening of the role of education in the world, in particular, the strengthening of the state's interest in financing education. The article updates the inextricable connection between the country's economy and the level and quality of education. The author points out the advantages of education support systems in some advanced countries of the world, which can be used as a model experience for domestic educational reform, in particular due to the use of neuropedagogy. The most important trends in the development of education in the world educational space are analyzed. The author notes that the quarter-century experience of the 21st century civilization determines a number of trends according to which it should develop in the future. Among them, for example, the transition of most nations and cultures to market relations is leading in the economy; in politics - to democracy; in social communication - to tolerance; in the general organization of life activities - to an open society and models of sustainable human development, etc. Because education (and science), which prepares a person for independent life, shapes his view on the future development of civilization.

СУТНІСНО-АНАЛІТИЧНІ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ ПОДАТКОВОГО БОРГУ В УКРАЇНІ

The substantiation of the essential content and the identification of trends in the growth/decrease of the tax debt is relevant in all countries of the world, since it cannot be completely eradicated in any country in the world, therefore one or another measures are taken to reduce it (voluntary and forced). For Ukraine, the question of the existence of tax debt is particularly relevant, as its volume increases annually. The article is devoted to deepening the theoretical foundations of the tax debt, highlighting its essential characteristics, as well as conducting an analysis of the tax debt in Ukraine and determining the reasons for its growth. The specificity of the scientific tasks, which are the subject of the research, required the use of a complex of special methods, the application of which helped to analyze the essence of the tax debt, to isolate its specific characteristics, and to conduct an analysis of its dynamics and structure in Ukraine. The article considers approaches to the interpretation of the content of tax debt. The first approach is based on domestic legislation, national accounting standards and the inevitable onset of liability for violation of tax discipline. The second approach is based on the behavior of the taxpayer, who makes a conscious decision to not pay his tax liability and takes responsibility for the violation of tax legislation in the form of fines and penalties. The author's definition of tax debt is proposed, which not only defines its content, but also contains the reasons and consequences of its existence. The essential characteristics of the tax debt, which relate to the non-fulfillment of the tax obligation by taxpayers, the reasons and results of its non-fulfilment, the need to agree on the monetary obligations of taxpayers, as well as the consequences of the existence of a tax debt for all participants in tax relations, are substantiated. As a result of the conducted analysis, it was established that in recent years in Ukraine, despite the constant improvement of tax legislation and the simplification of tax administration procedures, tax debt continues to accumulate. It was established that in order to reduce the amount of tax debt, it is necessary to carry out various measures of influence on taxpayers by the controlling bodies. For honest taxpayers, it is worth applying incentive measures in the form of exemption from tax audits for a certain period, and for dishonest taxpayers who have a tax debt, it is advisable to increase the responsibility for committing an offense.

The modern state of regulatory and legal support for plant protection and its improvement in the context of legislative activity

The relevance of the chosen topic lies in the fact that in recent years in Ukraine, there has been a tendency to work on changes to the valid legislation in the field of plant protection, which is due to the need to adapt Ukrainian legislation to the legislation of the European Union. The purpose of the study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the modern and prospective state of regulatory and legal support for plant protection in Ukraine. Research methods used in the work include comparative legal, systemic-structural, formal-logical, and doctrinal methods. The system of legislation regulating environmental and economic security in the agricultural sector of Ukraine is based on constitutional and general norms, environmental legislation, international treaties, as well as subordinate acts that ensure their practical implementation. The research results have established that the modern state of regulatory and legal support for plant protection in Ukraine requires revision and updating due to the presence of outdated, imperfect, and Soviet-influenced legal norms in the field of plant protection, as well as Ukraine’s European integration prospects. Conclusions have been drawn regarding the need to revise conflicting and overlapping provisions of the draft Law of Ukraine “On State Regulation in the Field of Plant Protection” and to make relevant amendments during the preparation of the bill for the second reading. Emphasis is placed on the need to focus specifically on the further implementation of such a bill and the inexpediency of adopting the Draft Law of Ukraine “On Amending Certain Laws of Ukraine to Eliminate Inconsistencies in the Areas of Legislation on Plant Protection and State Control”. The research materials may serve as a theoretical basis for filling gaps in Ukrainian legislation and may also be useful for students and teachers in the process of preparing for disciplines such as “Environmental Law of Ukraine”, “Natural Resource Law of Ukraine”, “Floristic Law of Ukraine”, etc

POLITICAL DETERMINANTS OF THE ORTHODOXY JURISDICTIONAL DIVISION IN UKRAINE IN THE EUROPEAN CONTEXT

The events of recent years in Ukraine testify to the growing importance of religious and political factors in Ukrainian society, which requires a rethinking of the phenomena and processes associated with them. For young Ukraine, the formation of an autocephalous church is a matter of national security, establishing the reference point of national self-identification, the prestige of the state in the international arena, and most importantly, the possibility of consolidating citizens into a single, largest confession in the country. The purpose of the article is to highlight the problems of political influence in a European scale on the process of total division of the branches of Ukrainian Orthodoxy into different jurisdictions. The evolution of political processes during the formation of the autocephalous system is revealed. It has been established that the future unification of Ukrainian Orthodoxy will contribute to the consolidation of Ukrainian society. This is the key task of the state, the church and all civil institutions in conditions of open war on the part of the aggressor. It has been proven that the reason for the evolution of state and political processes in Europe is the lack of clear regulation of the procedure for declaring a new autocephalous church, which deepened the division of churches in Ukraine.

НОРМАТИВНО-ПРАВОВЕ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ПОСТУПАЛЬНОГО РОЗВИТКУ БІБЛІОТЕК В УМОВАХ ПАРТНЕРСЬКОЇ СПІВПРАЦІ

The article examines specific provisions of regulatory legal documents governing partnership cooperation, including cooperation between libraries and state bodies, public organizations, benefactors, and patrons. Attention is drawn to the activities of domestic libraries during wartime, priority directions of their work are identified, particularly those directed towards volunteers, charitable organizations, and residents of local communities. The social, political, and economic changes that have occurred in Ukraine in recent years have led to changes in the activities and interaction of state bodies, state and public organizations, institutions, and individuals. Partnership between various entities involved in these processes, including libraries, is gradually acquiring new features. An important component of the activities of domestic libraries becomes social partnership, which defines cooperation between libraries and various societal actors, including governmental bodies, educational institutions, non-governmental organizations, benefactors, and philanthropists, etc. It is noticeable that recently the majority of Ukrainian libraries are more often establishing cooperation with volunteer movements, not only with public organizations of cultural, educational, or social orientation. A significant amount of work by library staff is directed towards interaction with local communities, which have increased over the past two years due to internally displaced persons. The positive results of successful work by library institutions on social partnership issues are shaped by an up-to-date and high-quality regulatory framework. The legislative framework for library activities is defined by the Laws of Ukraine, Resolutions of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, orders of the Ministry of Culture and Information Policy of Ukraine, directives of Departments or Offices of Culture, Youth and Sports of regional state or military-civil administrations, as well as local regulatory documents of districts and communities. Libraries are gradually transforming into centers for engaging the public in participation in innovative projects, becoming hubs for the development of community members' personal creativity, collaboration with various social institutions. They are modernizing the forms and methods of library work into more creative, intellectual ones, which attract the attention of schoolchildren, youth, and adults. Today, library institutions, operating within the framework of current legislation, seek and utilize various forms and methods of cooperation to improve their financial status, popularize their work, and provide access to information technologies. Key words: social partnership, library partnership, regulatory documents, legislative acts, volunteering, cooperation, social institution, library, non-governmental organizations, charitable organizations, patronage, legal support

STUDY OF THE STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF STRING-CONCRETE SPAN STRUCTURES

Summary. The analysis of inspection results and experience in the operation of transport facilities show that bridges with string-concrete girders according to the standard designs VTP-16 and VTP-15 are in the worst condition. The wire prestressing reinforcement of these beams, which has a small diameter of 3 mm or 5 mm, loses its cross-section over time and breaks due to corrosion. This leads to the exhaustion of the residual service life of string-concrete girders on many bridges, which has caused several collapses in Ukraine in recent years. The structural features of string-concrete girders, including the use of small-diameter prestressed wire reinforcement, play a key role in their long-term operation and reliability. The number of such structures on Ukrainian roads of national importance reaches about 500 units, and their service life is more than 60 years. Lack of proper maintenance can lead to serious economic and safety problems. Analysing the technical condition of bridge span elements and identifying defects helps to improve traffic safety, extend the service life of bridges and reduce overall costs. Effective repair and strengthening of bridge structures ensure the normal functioning of the transport infrastructure, which is critical for the economic development and security of the country. This article investigates various aspects of the operation of bridges with string-concrete girders. The causes of defects are analysed and proposals are made to temporarily preserve the stability of structures prior to major repairs or reconstruction. The structural features of bridges with string-concrete girders reveal significant shortcomings that eventually lead to serious problems. Small-diameter wire prestressing reinforcement is prone to corrosion, which reduces its cross-section and leads to rupture. This, in turn, can lead to a complete collapse of the bridge span. Keywords: bridge, span structure, string-concrete, technical condition, defects, recommendations.

Active processes in the modern Ukrainian political lexicon

The article examines centripetal-centrifugal processes in the modern Ukrainian political lexicon during 2019–2023. Both passivization and activation of certain groups of socio-political vocabulary belonging to STATE – ARMY – SOCIETY concepts have been established. To describe the studied material, the technique of identifying the functional potential of the nomination resource, i.e. the ability of the new vocabulary to create lexical associations: word-forming nests and series, synonymous series, antonymic oppositions, the spectrum of word combinations (paradigmatic, syntagmatic and epidigmatic (derivative) relations in the text) have been used. To describe the selected vocabulary the following criteria have been applied: 1) semantic volume of the lexeme in the political text compared to the lexicographic definition, 2) functional load, 3) pragmatic load of the lexical unit in the text. It is concluded that political life in Ukraine in recent years has been significantly affected by the war, especially full-scale war. The war circumstances have changed the usual political rhetoric, the subject matter of texts and speeches on political topics and the language of such texts and speeches. The topics of inter-party struggle and pre-election battles have become irrelevant and this part of the lexicon has become passive, at least as long as the war continues and elections are not being held. Instead, patriotic and unifying rhetoric, military vocabulary in texts aimed at the Ukrainian audience as well as vocabulary that shows the struggle of Ukrainians for European values aimed at the international audience have become increasingly active. Keywords: the language of politics, political vocabulary, socio-political vocabulary, dynamics, functional potential of the nomination resource, pragmatic potential of the word.