UHF Systems Research Articles

The Concept of Implementation of Multifrequency RFID System Industrial Involvement in Laboratory Conditions

People have been dealing with the correct identification of objects for a long time. In industry, we cannot avoid this area, whether it is to identify people, semi-finished products or final products. Therefore, this article deals with the design of a multifrequency RFID system for industry 4.0. The idea of the article is to implement one type of identification technology for tracking objects using the radio frequency spectrum at different wavelengths. We have based our design on the built industrial-assembly line in the SmartTechLab laboratory, where we have implemented LF, HF and UHF systems connected by an industrial PLC into a complex system. In this article, we gradually focus on the selection of RFID systems, their cooperation and the design of connection to one portable box. Using an RFID box, we can monitor different types of objects and verify RFID reading using a single reading device or by creating portal RFID gateways. The implemented system consists of four middleware and four independent antennas that can cooperate. For proper operation, there is necessary implement not only hardware but also necessary software. The system can identify RFID tags in the range of 1 cm to several meters. Also, the advantage of the design is that it identifies all types of tags (industry, label, ceramic, laundry, paper). One of the main benefits of the design is modularity, mobility and the creation of a robust design that can be used for measurements in companies and also for educating students in laboratory conditions. The whole system is designed to meet the requirements of Industry 4.0 and improve the competitiveness of businesses.

A reconfigurable flexible fractal‐based monopole antenna for portable applications

SummaryDesign of a fractal printed circuit antenna structure for portable applications is presented in this paper. The proposed antenna consisted of a modified Hilbert patch printed on a flexible polyamide substrate. The antenna is surrounded with a defected electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) open loop. A parametric study based a numerical analysis is invoked to refine the proposed antenna performance. The proposed antenna is fabricated on polymer substrate with dimensions of 50 × 60 × 0.3 mm3. The proposed antenna performance is tested experimentally and compared to the simulated results from a commercial software package based on Computer Simulation Technology Microwave Studio (CST MW). The experimental results are found to agree well with simulated results. It is found that the proposed antenna design suites the applications of the frequency bands of UHF and ISM portable systems. The antenna shows two bandwidths from 0.8 to 1 GHz and from 2.3 to 2.6 GHz with average gain of around 3.1 and 7 dBi, respectively. The antenna performances are conducted based on analytical and numerical simulations. The fabricated prototype performances are measured experimentally to show excellent agreement with the simulated results. Finally, it is found that the proposed antenna frequency resonance and bandwidth are insignificantly affected when mounted in close to the human body; therefore, it would be excellent candidate to be in use with biomedical applications.

Dual-Band Compact Rectenna for UHF and ISM Wireless Power Transfer Systems

A dual-band UHF/industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) compact rectenna with wideband UHF matching (855-935 MHz) covering all, EU, U.S., and Chinese UHF radio frequency identification (RFID), standards is presented. The proposed design consists of a compact single-port, dual-band antenna, a three-port dual-branch matching network, and two voltage doubler rectifiers implemented with Schottky diodes and terminated with a common 10 kΩ load. For each band, the measured RF-to-dc efficiency is around 60% for a -5 dBm unmodulated signal. The wideband behavior of the rectenna supports harvesting of multitone signals. The use of a six-tone signal increases the maximum RF-to-dc efficiency of the dual-band rectifier, from approximately 60% for a single-tone UHF signal (890 MHz) to 80% for a six-tone signal for a received RF power of -5 dBm in both cases. A signal generator is used to generate a six-tone signal of equally weighted and equally spaced (10 MHz separation) monochromatic tones, with a total bandwidth of 50 MHz. The measurement results demonstrate that the dc voltages rectified from the two separate RF signals are effectively superimposed on the load, providing a clear advantage compared to single-band rectennas. The single-layer, compact design with a size of 80×45 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , with a high RF-to-dc efficiency, is an excellent candidate for wirelessly powered RFID tags.

Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse eines UHF-RFID-Systems zur Tierkennzeichnung, Simultanerfassung und Hotspotüberwachung von Mastschweinen und Milchkühen

Increasing legal requirements regarding animal welfare on livestock production units that are simultaneously increasing in size require an optimisation of housing conditions with high demands on the management of such farms. Within an innovation project, a UHF-RFID system for simultaneous detection and monitoring of fattening pigs and dairy cows at particular hotspots within the respective housing environments was developed in order to simplify management of farms with larger numbers of livestock. Following many technical advances, there still remains lack of clarity regarding opportunities for UHF systems on the market. To help clarify matters, a cost-benefit analysis was carried out based on four fictive example farms (2 x fattening pigs and 2 x dairy cattle). The results show that the UHF-RFID system applied under the assumptions made offered an economic advantage under the best possible conditions for only one of the dairy farms. Rentability of the system for the other farms could only be achieved if an enormous cost reduction was assumed.

The science case for the EISCAT_3D radar

The EISCAT (European Incoherent SCATer) Scientific Association has provided versatile incoherent scatter (IS) radar facilities on the mainland of northern Scandinavia (the EISCAT UHF and VHF radar systems) and on Svalbard (the electronically scanning radar ESR (EISCAT Svalbard Radar) for studies of the high-latitude ionised upper atmosphere (the ionosphere). The mainland radars were constructed about 30 years ago, based on technological solutions of that time. The science drivers of today, however, require a more flexible instrument, which allows measurements to be made from the troposphere to the topside ionosphere and gives the measured parameters in three dimensions, not just along a single radar beam. The possibility for continuous operation is also an essential feature. To facilitatefuture science work with a world-leading IS radar facility, planning of a new radar system started first with an EU-funded Design Study (2005–2009) and has continued with a follow-up EU FP7 EISCAT_3D Preparatory Phase project (2010–2014). The radar facility will be realised by using phased arrays, and a key aspect is the use of advanced software and data processing techniques. This type of software radar will act as a pathfinder for other facilities worldwide. The new radar facility will enable the EISCAT_3D science community to address new, significant science questions as well as to serve society, which is increasingly dependent on space-based technology and issues related to space weather. The location of the radar within the auroral oval and at the edge of the stratospheric polar vortex is also ideal for studies of the long-term variability in the atmosphere and global change. This paper is a summary of the EISCAT_3D science case, which was prepared as part of the EU-funded Preparatory Phase project for the new facility. Three science working groups, drawn from the EISCAT user community, participated in preparing this document. In addition to these working group members, who are listed as authors, thanks are due to many others in the EISCAT scientific community for useful contributions, discussions, and support.

Einsatz eines UHF-Transponders zur Simultanerfassung von Mastschweinen

Currently used low frequency RFID systems for electronic animal identification can only identify animals separately rather than several animals simultaneously. Ultra high frequency systems (UHF) provide simultaneous identification. However, UHF systems are susceptible to disturbances prevailing in animal housing systems. In this field trial the suitability of a UHF system for identification of fattening pigs was examined. 22 fattening pigs were tagged with UHF transponders in the growing period. The trials showed an identification rate of 73.9 % in the finishing period. No losses or malfunctions of transponders were observed during the trial.

HF, VHF, and UHF systems and technology

A wide variety of unique systems and components inhabits the HF, VHF, and UHF bands. Many communication systems (ionospheric, meteor-burst, and troposcatter) provide beyond-line-of-sight coverage and operate independently of external infrastructure. Broadcasting and over-the-horizon radar also operate in these bands. Magnetic-resonance imaging uses HF/VHF signals to see the interior of a human body, and RF heating is used in a variety of medical and industrial applications. Receivers typically employ a mix of analog and digital-signal-processing techniques. Systems for these frequencies make use of RF-power MOSFETs, p-i-n diodes, and ferrite-loaded transmission-line transformers.

Extension of MF radar tidal measurements to E-region heights (95-125 km): Saskatoon (52°N, 107°W), Canada

Abstract. Efforts have been made to extend the MF radar tidal profiles to E-region heights. The totally reflected MF radar echoes from E-region heights during daytime are known to be group-retarded and the corresponding wind and tidal data will have associated height discrepancies. The estimation of the E-region real heights (Namboothiri et al., 1993), and the elimination of the data for which the group retardation is significant, are selected as the basic criteria to extend the tidal profiles to 100-125 km. The analysis of the quiet (Ap&lt;19) days of the winter and summer seasons of 1988/89 shows that the tidal propagation continues to higher altitudes with some changes in their pattern, e.g. longer wavelengths, compared to that in the lower altitudes. Comparison with the model profiles shows some resemblance and some disagreements. The reliability of the MF radar tidal measurements of E-region heights and the propagation of tides in this region have been discussed in the light of existing theories and other experimental observations. It is concluded that, based on the initial studies with UHF and MF systems and within the limits of the available theories, the information on tides presented here for the 100-125 km region using the MF radar observations is useful. Suggestions for future work in this direction are also given.

Commercial satellite broadcasting for Europe

A review is presented of the current television broadcasting situation in European countries, which involves a varied mix of terrestrial VHF or UHF systems and cable networks. A small market has emerged in Europe for receivers using the low-power telecommunications satellite transmission between the program providers and cable network companies. This is expected to change with the launch of medium-power pan-European telecommunication satellites (e.g. ASTRA, EUTELSAT II), which are now directly addressing the market of home reception. DBS (direct broadcast satellite) in the UK, using the D-MAC transmission standard, will offer three additional television channels, data broadcasting services, and a planned evolution to compatible forms of wide-screen, high-definition television. Comments are given on receiver and conditional access system standardization. Some views are expressed on satellite broadcasting as part of an overall broadcasting framework for the future.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Integrated Navigation and Positioning System

A unique integrated navigation and positioning system was developed by Systems Management, a unit of Sperry Division, for control of Saipem's new semi-submersible pipe laying ship Castoro Sei. Accurate ship's movement along a pre-surveyed route is provided for precision pipe laying in deep water. The navigation function measures vessel state in six degrees of freedom, and offers several modes of operation. Position reference selections may be made from a complement of microwave, UHF, and MF radio navigation systems; data from these systems are mixed with doppler water speed and gyrocompass information to derive navigation outputs superior to radio data or dead-reckoned data alone. A unique dead-reckoning mode, utilizing data obtained from the vessel's mooring lines, was designed and incorporated into the navigation function; this dead-reckoning feature is peculiar to a vessel propelled by mooring lines, such as a pipe layer, and significantly enhances the navigation function during chronic prolonged periods of radio navigation unavailability. The ship is controlled automatically with respect to the navigation position and attendant data sources, in six degrees of freedom, by computer generated commands. A control operator, sitting at a specially designed console, and utilizing graphic and alphanumeric navigation and control situation displays, may command a fully automatic ship's control sequence, or may “drive” the vessel semiautomatically using a joy stick for translation and a heading knob for azimuthal control. The concepts on which the navigation and positioning system were based are discussed, and the performance results of certain navigation at-sea trials are presented.

Low temperature ferroelectrics: Dielectric nonlinearity, losses, and parametric interactions at ultrahigh frequencies

The material presented above, concerning the properties and possible radiophysical applications of low-temperature ferroelectrics, strontium titanate and potassium tantalate crystals, can be summarized as follows. The problem of the dielectric nonlinearity of these crystals can be assumed to be mainly solved. The mechanism for the nonlinearity is known; successful approaches to the problem exist: thermodynamic, microscopic, and model approaches; experimental results agree with theory. Much less success has been attained up to now in understanding the mechanism of dielectric losses, in particular, in the uhf range, and especially with deep cooling of the non-linear crystals. Information concerning losses in strontium titanate is relatively complete, although in this case a number of fundamental problems remain. These include problems related to the effect of a structural phase transition at 110°K, volume charge, and nearelectrode phenomena on the losses. Losses in potassium tantalate have not been studied adequately. It is necessary to study experimentally the frequency and temperature dependences of losses in KTaO3 at least in the range 1–40 GHz with cooling to 4.2°K and lower. Comparison of the properties of KTaO3 and SrTiO3 crystals can greatly improve our understanding of the mechanisms for low-temperature dielectric losses in ferroelectrics. The problem of parametric interactions in nonlinear systems based on low-temperature ferroelectrics is solved simultaneously with the problem of losses because, as noted in Section 3, excess losses in these crystals are the main obstacle to creating efficient parametric uhf systems operating in the continuous regime.

A Frequency Synthesizer for Television Receivers

Recently, several new approaches to the design of television tuning systems have emerged. Federal regulations concerning equal parity for UHF and VHF tuning systems have caused increased interest in purely electronic tuning systems. In addition, such factors as reliability, economics, aesthetics and convenience, as well as the increased number of channels on UHF and cable, have spurred interest in the development of solid state, totally electronic television tuning capability. The ideal tuning system incorporates all of these features.

OPTIMUM SPARES PROVISIONING METHOD FOR ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT/SYSTEMS

Naval Engineers JournalVolume 82, Issue 1 p. 108-114 OPTIMUM SPARES PROVISIONING METHOD FOR ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT/SYSTEMS MR. ROBERT INGRAM POWELL E.E., MR. ROBERT INGRAM POWELL E.E. THE AUTHORS: Robert Ingram (RIP) Powell, Electronic Engineer, served with the U.S. Naval Intelligence Organization (OP-20) during WWII, and subsequently with the U.S. Army Security Agency (Pacific) during the Korean Police Action. Returning to civilian engineering in 1952, Chief Engineer UHF Systems Engineering, 5th AACS I&M Squadron. With the Pacific Ground Electronic Engineering and Installations (GEEIA); Chief Procurement Engineering Division, Chief Air Ground Communications; with the Naval Ship Engineering Center, Great Lakes, Illinois Division: Head Communications, Head Electronic Countermeasures, Plans and Programs Officer, Acting Technical Director. With the Naval Ship Systems Command in Washington: Head ILS Test Equipment. Tools and Special Equipment. Presently with the Naval Ship Engineering Center, Prince Georges Plaza, Hyattsville, Md. Head Secondary Support.Search for more papers by this authorMR. RICHARD A. LUTZ E.E., MR. RICHARD A. LUTZ E.E. Mr. Richard A. Lutz has seven years of engineering experience of which the past year ha been specifically in Reliability Engineering and Logistic Support Engineering. He was employed by the Collins Radio Company as an Equipment Design Engineer for UHF/VHF communication transmitters and receivers. He was assigned as Project Engineer for the UHF/FM transmitter for the Apollo Spacecraft and for solid state transmitter sections of military communication equipment in 1963. In August 1967, he was appointed Branch Head of the 3M, CASREPT, and Reliability Branch at the Naval Ship Engineering Center, Great Lakes Division. He holds a B.S. degree from the University of Illinois and has attended graduate courses at the State University of Iowa and the Iowa State University.Search for more papers by this author MR. ROBERT INGRAM POWELL E.E., MR. ROBERT INGRAM POWELL E.E. THE AUTHORS: Robert Ingram (RIP) Powell, Electronic Engineer, served with the U.S. Naval Intelligence Organization (OP-20) during WWII, and subsequently with the U.S. Army Security Agency (Pacific) during the Korean Police Action. Returning to civilian engineering in 1952, Chief Engineer UHF Systems Engineering, 5th AACS I&M Squadron. With the Pacific Ground Electronic Engineering and Installations (GEEIA); Chief Procurement Engineering Division, Chief Air Ground Communications; with the Naval Ship Engineering Center, Great Lakes, Illinois Division: Head Communications, Head Electronic Countermeasures, Plans and Programs Officer, Acting Technical Director. With the Naval Ship Systems Command in Washington: Head ILS Test Equipment. Tools and Special Equipment. Presently with the Naval Ship Engineering Center, Prince Georges Plaza, Hyattsville, Md. Head Secondary Support.Search for more papers by this authorMR. RICHARD A. LUTZ E.E., MR. RICHARD A. LUTZ E.E. Mr. Richard A. Lutz has seven years of engineering experience of which the past year ha been specifically in Reliability Engineering and Logistic Support Engineering. He was employed by the Collins Radio Company as an Equipment Design Engineer for UHF/VHF communication transmitters and receivers. He was assigned as Project Engineer for the UHF/FM transmitter for the Apollo Spacecraft and for solid state transmitter sections of military communication equipment in 1963. In August 1967, he was appointed Branch Head of the 3M, CASREPT, and Reliability Branch at the Naval Ship Engineering Center, Great Lakes Division. He holds a B.S. degree from the University of Illinois and has attended graduate courses at the State University of Iowa and the Iowa State University.Search for more papers by this author First published: February 1970 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1970.tb05199.x AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Volume82, Issue1February 1970Pages 108-114 RelatedInformation

Microwave Telemetry at U. S. Missile Ranges

An orderly plan has been prepared covering the implementation of UHF radio telemetry on the country's missile ranges. Requirements have been drafted for UHF systems to be developed by 1970. Programs have been launched to transfer the requirements into equipment. Preliminary standards have been established. Today, UHF telemetry links are utilized for a limited number of projects. Currently a high-performance UHF link is expensive, large in size, and complex. One must use a transmitter that may weigh 12 to 50 pounds, that has a volume of 250 to 1000 cu in, and that has an over-all power efficiency of 2 per cent for an 8 to 10 watt output. Its cost may be 10 times that of a 5-watt VHF transmitter. Automatic tracking systems are required but are not generally available. Special preamplifier-converters are also necessary. Because of these factors, UHF telemetry is used, at present, only by a few missile projects. Obviously, we must continue to advance the state-of-the-art until a spectrum of microwave devices is available to fill the needs of the majority of telemetry users. Economy, as well as technical capability and flexibility, will be the mark of these developments.

Tables for Cascaded Homogeneous Quarter-Wave Transformers

Quarter-wave transformers are frequently required in microwave and UHF systems. An exact design procedure is known but involves lengthy calculations. Faced with the design of many such transformers, the calculations were programmed on an IBM 704 digital computer. The speed of computation is such that several hundred designs for 2, 3, and 4 section transformers were systematically computed in a few minutes. The results are reproduced here in tables, which should permit the calculation of most cases of practical interest by interpolation.

UHF communication system interference reduction through the use of selective filters

Modern trends in uhf communication systems indicate an ever increasing use of greater numbers of channels, higher transmitter powers, and decreased antenna spacing. This all adds up to an ever increasing number of systems interference problems. In most instances, a system can be rendered "interference free" by adding sufficient selectivity between the receiver or transmitter and its antenna. This added selectivity can be acquired by the use of a new low-loss tunable filter employing two high-Q, aperture coupled, resonant cavities in tandem. The physical construction of these equipments, as well as operating characteristics, will be discussed in this paper.

Frequency management in the forest industries radio communications

Modern trends in uhf communication systems indicate an ever increasing use of greater numbers of channels, higher transmitter powers, and decreased antenna spacing. This all adds up to an ever increasing number of systems interference problems. In most instances, a system can be rendered "interference free" by adding sufficient selectivity between the receiver or transmitter and its antenna. This added selectivity can be acquired by the use of a new low-loss tunable filter employing two high-Q, aperture coupled, resonant cavities in tandem. The physical construction of these equipments, as well as operating characteristics, will be discussed in this paper.