Uglich Reservoir Research Articles

Toxicological Studies of Water and Bottom Sediments of the Uglich Reservoir in 2012–2020

Toxicological Studies of Water and Bottom Sediments of the Uglich Reservoir in 2012–2020

Characteristics of the fish food supply of the Uglich reservoir

The work on assessing the feed base of the Uglich Reservoir was carried out within the framework of annual monitoring studies by the Branch for Freshwater Fisheries of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “VNIRO” (VNIIPRH). Samples were taken in July 2021 and 2022 on three sections. During the year, 10 samples of zooplankton and benthic invertebrate communities were collected and processed. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the fish food supply of the Uglich Reservoir according to the indicators of zooplankton and benthic invertebrate communities in the period 2021–2022. The tasks of the study: to determine the number and biomass of zooplankton of the Uglich Reservoir in 2021–2022; to determine the number and biomass of benthic invertebrate communities of the Uglich Reservoir in 2021–2022. The Uglich Reservoir belongs to the Upper Volga cascade of hydro nodes. Located in the territory of two regions and having a length of more than a hundred kilometers, it has differences in water temperature and oxygen content in the water by reaches. Oxygen conditions in 2021 in the bottom layers, and in 2022 — both in the surface and in the bottom horizons, were unfavorable: deviations from the water quality standard were observed. The studies showed that the productivity of the Uglich Reservoir also varies by reaches. The maximum indicators of zooplankton development were observed in the channel part of the Upper reach of the reservoir. During the observation period (with incomplete determination), 21 taxa of planktonic organisms were recorded, including: Rotifera — 5, Cladocera — 12, Copepoda — 3 and Bivalvia — 1 species. In the composition of the plankton fauna, Cladocera dominated in number and biomass. The benthic invertebrate communities of the Uglich Reservoir is mainly represented by oligochaetes, chironomid larvae and bivalve molluscs. By the magnitude of the summer biomass of zooplankton and benthic invertebrate communities, in accordance with the generally accepted classification of Pidgayko (1968), the Uglich Reservoir in 2021 can be assessed as a high-feed reservoir, and in 2022 — as a medium-feed reservoir.

DISTRIBUTION PATTERN OF TREMATODES IN A LARGE SETTLEMENT OF THE PONTO-AZOV MOLLUSK LITHOGLYPHUS NATICOIDES (C. PFEIFFER 1828) (GASTROPODA, HYDROBIIDAE) FROM THE UPPER SECTION OF THE UGLICH RESERVOIR (UPPER VOLGA BASIN)

The Ponto-Azov gastropod mollusk Lithoglyphus naticoides (C. Pfeiffer, 1828) naturalized in the Uglich Reservoir relatively recently (in 2013-2015). The main objective of this study is a comparative analysis of the species diversity and structure of trematode communities in different biotopes, occupied by L. naticoides after the initial phase of its spread in the upper section of this water body (downstream the city of Dubna), characterized by a complex hydrological regime. Approximate coordinates of the geographical center of the large settlement of L. naticoides are 56°53ʹN, 37°25ʹE. It is found that by 2019-2021 the average density of L. naticoides in this settlement reached a consistently high value of about 450 ind./m2. Judging by the variability of shell height in adult mature L. naticoides individuals, even within the same settlement, optimum habitat conditions for this mollusk differ significantly in different biotopes. In a comparative aspect, data from two main hydrobiological sampling locations are considered: in the open part of the reservoir and at the mouth of a large tributary - the Dubna River. It is shown that at both locations the species composition of trematodes in L. naticoides is similar and includes, in particular, parthenitae of Apophallus muehlingi (Jägerskiöld, 1899), Apophallus (= Rossicotrema ) donicus (Skrjabin et Lindtrop, 1919), Parasymphylodora markewitschi Kulakowskaja, 1947, Nicolla skrjabini (Iwanitzky, 1928). However, Sanguinicola volgensis (Razin, 1929) parthenitae, dominant in L. naticoides in the open part of the reservoir, is not found in the sample of mollusks from the mouth of the Dubna River. As compared to the sampling site in the open part of the reservoir, at the mouth of the Dubna River the level of infection with parthenitae of other species is significantly lower: N. skrjabini and P. markewitschi - 7 times, Apophallus spp. - 8 times, Xiphidiocercaria sp. - 13 times. The ratio of males to females among mature individuals of L. naticoides turns out to be close to 1:1, which is usual for many freshwater mollusks. In general, the high occurrence (the infection prevalence - the proportion of infected individuals in the host sample P±SE, %) in the open part of the reservoir indicates the presence of prerequisites for serious outbreaks of helminthoses: Xiphidiocercaria sp. (9.16±2.52%), Apophallus spp. (11.45±2.78%), P. markewitschi (7.63±2.32%), N. skrjabini (7.63±2.32%), S. volgensis (63.36±4.21%). At the same time, according to the data obtained, further spread of L. naticoides in some tributaries of reservoirs in the Upper Volga basin may not have such serious parasitological consequences.

ТОКСИКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ВОДЫ И ДОННЫХ ОТЛОЖЕНИЙ УГЛИЧСКОГО ВОДОХРАНИЛИЩА ЗА ПЕРИОД 2012–2020 ГГ.

A long-term assessment of the toxicological condition of certain areas of the Uglich reservoir is given based on the results of bioassay of water and bottom sediments. During the research period 2012–2020, there was a tendency of the toxicity reduction of water in all sections of the reservoir. The maximum values of reproductive indicators of Ceriodaphnia affinis were registered in 2019. The toxicity of bottom sediments had a slight tendency to decrease in the upper section of the reservoir and did not change in the middle and lower sections. During the teratological study of the Uglich reservoir in 2012–2013 years it was found that the proportion of chironomid larvae with pathomorphological changes in the structures of the mouth parts during the observation period was on average 14.5%, which is higher than the established control (6.7–7.0%) and background values (0–8.0%). The results of the bioassay are confirmed by analytical data on water and sediment pollution. Significant differences in the pollution coefficient of water between the reservoir areas, both in individual elements and in total, have not been recorded. The highest values of the total and average pollution coefficient were reached in the middle section, where higher concentrations of Cu and Zn were determined. Despite the tendency of decreasing concentrations of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in the bottom sediments of the reservoir, the levels of Cd, Cr, Ni and Zn exceeded their background concentrations established for the Upper Volga basin.

Level of infestation of bream monogenea in Volga reservoirs

There are 9 reservoirs along the Volga River: Verkhnevolzhskoye, Ivankovskoye, Uglichskoye, Rybinskoye, Gorkovskoye, Cheboksarskoye, Kuibyshev, Saratovskoye and Volgogradskoye. They differ in geographical coordinates, average depth, average annual water temperature, hydrological and hydrochemical characteristics, oxygen content in water, diversity of flora and fauna, etc. Of the majority of fish species living in reservoirs, bream Abramis brama has the most important commercial value. Its abundance often undergoes considerable fluctuations under the influence of biotic and abiotic factors including parasitic infestation. The paper presents data on the numerical composition of gill ectoparasites of monogenes of the family Dactylogyridae. Dactylogyridae and Diplozoidae (Plathelminthes, Monogeneea) of bream living in Volga reservoirs. 101 specimens of bream were caught for the study in September 2019 and August 2020. Parasitological analysis of fish was carried out according to generally accepted methodology. The level of bream infestation was estimated according to the and parasite abundance index. A different number of monogenes of the family Monogenes were found in bream from the studied reservoirs. The number of monogenes of the family Dactylogyridae and Diplozoidae. In the Ivankovskoe reservoir 1498 specimens (1459 Dactylogyridae and 39 Diplozoidae), 1438 specimens (1420 and 18, respectively) were collected in the Uglich reservoir, Gorki Reservoir 78 specimens (68 and 10), Cheboksary 119 ex. (67 и 52), Kuybyshevskii 18 specimens (0 and 18, respectively) and Saratov 45 specimens (0 and 45). The highest indices of infestation by dactylogyruses were recorded in Ivankovskii and Uglichskii, and in Saratov diplozoans in Saratovsky. Differences in the level of bream infestation in the studied water bodies, probably due to the influence of different ecological factors.

First Data on the Fauna of Turbellaria in the Uglich Reservoir

First Data on the Fauna of Turbellaria in the Uglich Reservoir

Trends in long-term water quality changes in Ivan’kovo and Uglich reservoirs

A comparative analysis of water quality indicators in the upper and lower parts of the Ivan’kovo and Uglich Reservoirs was carried out based on the analysis of long-term monitoring datasets on water quality condition in reservoirs. The observations were performed at the gauging stations of the State Observation Network and Mosvodokanal in the period from the mid-1980s to 2019 and 2004 accordingly. Over a long-term period, all studied hydrochemical indicators except for Zn and SO4 tend to decrease closer to the dam both in the Ivan’kovo and Uglich Reservoirs. Two periods with sufficiently different average values of considered parameters and their dynamics were distinguished for the Uglich Reservoir according to statistical analysis. A high level of pollution in the Uglich Reservoir is mainly associated with heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Fe), phenols and oil products and is typical for both the upper and lower parts of the reservoir. Such pattern is inherent to both heterogeneous periods (1985-2000 and 2001-2019) identified for the Uglich Reservoir. The main trends of long-term and seasonal variability in water quality of the Ivan’kovo and Uglich Reservoirs have been identified using the water pollution index.

Оценка связи содержания хлорофилла и биогенных элементов в крупных равнинных водохранилищах

Оценка связи содержания хлорофилла и биогенных элементов в крупных равнинных водохранилищах

Range Expansion of the Caspian Invader Leech Archaeobdella esmonti Grimm, 1876 (Annelida: Clitellata: Hirudinida) in the Upper Volga Basin

A species of Caspian fauna, leech Archaeobdella esmonti, introduced earlier into most reservoirs of the Volga cascade, was recorded for the first time in the Uglich Reservoir in summer 2017. In 2009, A. esmonti was first detected in the Rybinsk Reservoir, where it was successfully established by 2015, and its occurrence frequency increased to 50%. The quantitative and size-weight characteristics of the species in the Rybinsk Reservoir are presented in this paper.

Pigment composition of phytoplankton and its long-term dynamics in reservoirs of the Upper Volga

According to field observations during 1995–2005 and 2012–2016, the pigment composition of phytoplankton in the Upper Volga reservoirs is given. With an average Chl a content of 13,1±1,4 to 52,5±2,7 μg/L in the Ivankovo reservoir and from 4,1±0,9 to 27,5±2,5 μg/L in the Uglich reservoir, an increase in Chl a was noted after an abnormally hot 2010. The content of Chl a in the Ivankovo reservoir retaining eutrophic status does not go beyond the limits of long-term fluctuations. In the Uglich reservoir, an increase in the absolute and relative amount of Chl a was revealed, indicating the transition of the reservoir to the eutrophic category.

Закономерности и факторы формирования зимнего гидрохимического режима Угличского водохранилища

The article presents the results of the study of the winter hydro/chemical regime of the Uglich reservoir which is the second stage of the Volga-Kama cascade of reservoirs. In winter period the main influence on the formation of the hydrochemical regime of the Uglich reservoir is exerted by water coming from the Ivankovsk reservoir which located upstream. It was found that water in the reservoir is hydrocarbonate, mineralization varies from 243 to 351 mg per liter, calcium and magnesium concentrations reach 60.9 and 17.5 mg per liter. Concentrations of mineral phosphorus in the reservoir are 0.043–0.076 mg per liter, total gross phosphorus in the upper relief of the Uglich HPP reach 0.138 mg per liter, nitrate concentrations are 0.14–0.84 mg per liter.The main indicators of hydro/chemical regime of the Uglich reservoir have spatio-temporal variability. Its change from year to year, as well as from target to target. Global climate changes have not yet had a significant impact on the winter hydro/chemical regime of the reservoir.

Dissolved Oxygen Content in the Reservoirs of the Volga River

Dissolved oxygen content determined by the Winkler method and water saturation by oxygen were studied in the reservoirs of the Volga River in summer 2015 and 2016 in the surface and near bottom layers of water. In the reservoirs of the upper reaches of the Volga River, including the Uglich and Ivankovo reservoirs, oxygen content in the water rather often was lower than its limiting permissible concentration for water bodies used for fishery. Significant oxygen deficiency was observed in hypolimnion at all stations of the Uglich Reservoir. Rather often (in 10-45% of cases) its content was lower than 2 mg/L, whereas in the Ivankovo Reservoir - in 75% of cases. In the reservoirs of the middle and lower reaches of the Volga River, dissolved oxygen content was within the normal range favorable to the development of hydrobionts, which was conditioned by intensive wind stirring and high current velocity, especially in the lower reaches of the river. During the period of investigations in the surface layer of water of the lake section of the Gorky Reservoir, dissolved oxygen content was higher than that in its river section. In the other studied reservoirs, the distribution of dissolved oxygen over their area of water was rather uniform.

Comparative Characteristics of Phytoplankton and Epiphyton Productivity in the Upper Volga Reservoirs

Comparative data from field observations in August 2005 and 2013 on phytoplankton and epiphyton productivity in the Ivankovo and Uglich reservoirs (Upper Volga) are presented. The average chlorophyll content (Chl a) varies from 7.6 ± 1.6 to 39.1 ± 0.7 μg/L in plankton and from 6.6 ± 2.8 to 28.4 ± 4.2 mg/m2 of the substrate in epiphyton; the daily primary production values are 0.55–1.64 mg C/L and 0.10–0.68 g C/m2 of substrate, respectively. Interannual different-direction changes in the development of the two communities have been identified. In the conditions of more intensive heating in 2013, Chl a content in plankton increased by factors of 1.5–2.5 when compared to 2005, while in epiphyton it decreased by factors of 2–3.5 times. In the Ivankovo Reservoir, abounding in large shallow areas, phytoplankton of the pelagic zone accounted for a lower proportion of algae biomass and primary production (66.6–78.6%) than in the Uglich Reservoir (86.5–97.0%), while, on the contrary, the share of epiphyton in the former reservoir (22.2 and 14.2% in 2005; 8.2 and 4.6% in 2013) was 1.8–5.1 times higher than in the latter.

Content of Photosynthetic Pigments in the Upper Volga Reservoirs (2005–2016)

Data on the composition, content, and interannual dynamics of photosynthetic pigments in water of the Upper Volga reservoirs in the summers of 2005 and 2012–2016, continuing the series of long-term observations, are given. With an average content of chlorophyll (Chl a) from 13.1 ± 1.4 to 52.5 ± 2.7 μg/L in the Ivankovo Reservoir and from 7.6 ± 1.6 to 27.5 ± 2.5 μg/L in the Uglich Reservoir, an increase in Chl a is observed after the anomalously hot 2010. Interannual changes in Chl a in dependence on the water temperature, as well as the Wolf numbers and North Atlantic Oscillation index (NAO) that indirectly affect phytoplankton productivity, are analyzed. Chl a content in the Ivankovo Reservoir, which retains the eutrophic status, does not go beyond the long-term fluctuations, while an increase in the absolute and relative amounts of Chl a in the Uglich Reservoir indicate an increased role of blue-green algae and transition of the reservoir to the eutrophic category.

Current Problems in Organizing Water Protection Zones at Water Bodies: Case Study of the Uglich Reservoir

A retrospective review of the current scientific publications on the problems of water protection zones at water bodies is given. The content of regulations on water protection zone in the RF Water Code 2006 now in force is interpreted. The legislations regarding the establishment of water protection zones and riparian buffer strips at water bodies in Russia and other countries are compared and analyzed. The technologies and specifics of the development of geoinformation system “Water Protection Zone and Riparian Buffer Strip of a Water Body” are demonstrated as applied to determining the boundary of the water protection zone and riparian buffer strip for the Uglich Reservoir. Assessment of the anthropogenic load onto a drainage basin within the water protection zone of the Uglich Reservoir and a method for geoecological zoning of its territory are considered as an example.

Effect of trypanosomiasis on hematologic characteristics of bream (Abramis brama)

Trypanosomes are flagellated protozoa; they parasitize in the blood of a wide range of vertebrates and invertebrates, including fish, for which leeches are carriers. The metabolites released by trypanosomes are toxic to the host, cause disruption of homeostasis, which leads to illness and even death. Parasites in fish living in hot climates are the most common and better studied. Trypanosomes were first detected in common bream (Abramis brama L.) from the Uglich Reservoir (Upper Volga) in August 2015. The aim of this work is to study the effect of these parasites on the hematological parameters of the fish. As a control, blood indices of uninfected fish were used. The condition factor of infected fish did not differ from that of healthy fish. There were no significant differences between the two groups of fish in contents of total serum protein and glycemia. This may indicate a low level of bream parasitemia. At the same time, a significant increase in the leukocyte abundance index was detected, which indirectly indicates an increase in the number of these cells in the infected fish compared with the control ones, statistically significant differences were found in the leukogram: the proportion of eosinophils in the diseased fish increased almost 6 times while the relative number of lymphocytes decreased. The pattern of red blood also changed: the proportion of immature erythrocytes increased in the infected fish; a small number of microcytes and amitoses of erythrocytes and differences in the cytometric characteristics of red blood cells were found. The level of hemoglobin significantly decreased. A sharp increase in the content of circulating immune complexes indicates a shift in antigenic homeostasis caused by the presence of parasites. A similarity in the reaction of a number of indicators of the blood system of bream with trypanosomiasis to that of animals of higher systematic groups was revealed. The interpretation of the results obtained during the study of the effect of parasites on the host organism requires consideration of its physiological status and habitat conditions, the stage of the disease and the mechanism of adaptation of the parasite to the host defense system.

Expansion of the Range of the Black Sea Snail Lithoglyphus naticoides (C. Pfieffer, 1828) (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Lithoglyphidae) and Associated Trematode Species in the Upper Volga Basin

The Black Sea snail Lithoglyphus naticoides (C. Pfieffer, 1828) (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Lithoglyphidae) was first recorded in the Uglich Reservoir in the summer of 2013. By 2015, several new local settlements of the snail had been found in the Uglich and Rybinsk reservoirs, indicating its successful naturalization in the Upper Volga basin. Parasitological studies of L. naticoides from these habitats reveal the parthenitae of three trematode species.

Long-term dynamics of total mercury in surficial bottom sediments of the Volga River's reservoir in central Russia.

The long-term dynamics of mercury in bottom sediments of Uglich Reservoir were examined. Samples of the 0-5-cm surface layer of bottom sediment collected during research expeditions in 1958, 1977, 1991, and 2012 were analyzed. An increase in the average mercury concentration from 1958 to 1977 (0.440 ± 0.039 and 0.668 ± 0.065mg/kg d.w., respectively) was followed by a decrease in 2012 (0.260 ± 0.021mg/kg d.w.). During all years except 1991, a significant correlation was found between mercury content and the amount of organic matter in the sediments (r = 0.54-0.87, p < 0.01), flow velocity (r = 0.38-0.53, p < 0.01), and the rate of sedimentation in the reservoir (r = - 0.51 to - 0.69, p < 0.01). Calculations based on these results and previously published data from the study region on the density of atmospheric mercury precipitation showed that the watershed as a whole received 2.4-3.0t on an annual basis, and in the same period, the water surface received 9.7-12.8kg of mercury. The bottom sediment contained 4.31 (2012)-7.40 (1977) tons of mercury. Thus, most of the mercury in the Uglich Reservoir is assumed to originate from runoff and terrigenous sources within the watershed.

Vertical Distribution of Chlorophyll in the Upper Volga Reservoirs

The vertical distribution of phytoplankton (chlorophyll a, CHL) was investigated in August 2015 at 25 sampling stations in the Ivankovo, Uglich, and Rybinsk reservoirs (Upper Volga, Russia) using a bbe Moldaenke Fluoroprob submersible fluorimeter. Three types of CHL vertical distribution were identified under homothermy. There was a gradual CHL decline in the water column at the upper part of reservoirs; a sharp decline at a certain depth in most riverine sections; and uniform distribution opposite the mouth of a small river (the Kashinka River, Uglich Reservoir), as well as at the open lacustrine sites of the Rybinsk Reservoir under wind-driven mixing. The average CHL content in the euphotic layer at the stations of three groups were 25.0 ± 6.3, 44.1 ± 4.0, and 20.8 ± 2.9 μg/L, respectively; the CHL contributions to the PAR absorption were 47 ± 9%, 66 ± 4%, and 38 ± 6%. Under thermal stratification the vertical distribution of CHL corresponds to the course of the temperature dynamics (r = 0.85).

Пространственно-временная трансформация грунтового комплекса водохранилищ Волги. Сообщение 3. Оценка изменения морфометрических характеристик в результате накопления донных отложений в Угличском водохранилище.

Comparison of assessment methods of the reservoirs’ hydro/morpho/metric characteristics changes due to accumulation of bottom sediments and abrasive/erosion processes have been done. The results of the Uglich reservoir bottom sediments monitoring have demonstrated that the morphological/metric characteristics practically have not changed over the 70-yeat period of the exploitation, the Kalyazin lake/river area being the only exclusion. The areas with the transformed soils left as they were, while the areas with sand drift decreased, the areas with clay sediments decreased, and wetlands appeared. Spits, sand-bars, sprinkles and banks that divide a part of water area have been formed at open shallow sites and river mouths. The reservoir hydro/ morphological /metric characteristics have been assessed by the results of monitoring soil surveys in situ, that is, by direct measurements of the bottom sediments thickness and by the bottom topography digital model that had been carried out independently in the Institute of Inland Waters Biology and State Oceanographic Institute. Over the whole period of the reservoir exploitation 28.6 million m3 of bottom sediments have been accumulated, while the water volume loss was 22 million m3. The discrepancy was about 0.6 %. Both methods have given good results and are entitled to further use in researches. Deposits distribution has been mapped. Sedimentation volumes and rates have been calculated, suspended matter balance has been produced, and situation forecasts of the main ground types and bottom sediments formation ways have been made by the 100the anniversary of the reservoir exploitation.