UC Riverside Research Articles

2024 AMCA MEMORIAL LECTURE HONOREE: MIR SUBHAN MULLA 1925-20231.

From 1979 to 2024, 51 individuals have been recognized as AMCA honorees for their lifetime achievements in mosquito and vector control. Mir Subhan Mulla (1925-2023) was the most recent honoree recognized in March 2024. Mulla received a scholarship in 1948 to attend Cornell University, where he obtained his bachelor's degree in entomology and parasitology. Mulla received his Ph.D. in entomology at the University of California, Berkeley in 1956, and then joined the University of California, Riverside (UC Riverside) faculty the same year. He retired in 2006 after 50 years of service. As one of the founding faculty in entomology at UC Riverside, Mulla created undergraduate and graduate courses and seminars in medical and veterinary entomology. As a leader in UC Riverside's world-renowned medical entomology graduate program, he advised 27 Ph.D. students, three master's students, 20 postdoctoral fellows, and 30 visiting scholars from many countries. Mulla contributed significantly to research and developments in biology, ecology, and control of arthropods of public health and economic importance, including but not limited to mosquitoes, flies, eye gnats, midges, blackflies, and stored product beetles. His work on biorational pesticides was remarkable. He published more than 550 scientific papers in peer-reviewed journals. Mulla served the scientific community as a consultant, advisor, member, or chairman with numerous national and international organizations. He guided many universities in the development of their medical entomology programs. Mulla also served as one of the founding scientists of the Society for Vector Ecology (SOVE). He also provided financial support for facilities, faculty, and students at UC Riverside. Additionally, Mulla served as a leader in the Riverside Muslim community. He and his wife Lelia founded the Islamic Society of Riverside and Orange Counties in California. In recognition of Mulla's excellence in teaching, mentorship, and research, he received numerous prestigious recognitions from universities, communities, and professional organizations. He will be greatly missed by his loving and devoted family, friends, former students, and colleagues here in the USA and abroad.

The reference genome assembly of the bright cobblestone lichen, Acarospora socialis.

Acarospora socialis, the bright cobblestone lichen, is commonly found in southwestern North America. This charismatic yellow lichen is a species of key ecological significance as it is often a pioneer species in new environments. Despite their ecological importance virtually no research has been conducted on the genomics of A. socialis. To address this, we used long-read sequencing to generate the first high-quality draft genome of A. socialis. Lichen thallus tissue was collected from Pinkham Canyon in Joshua Tree National Park, California and deposited in the UC Riverside herbarium under accession #295874. The de novo assembly of the mycobiont partner of the lichen was generated from Pacific Biosciences HiFi long reads and Dovetail Omni-C chromatin capture data. After removing algal and bacterial contigs, the fungal genome was approximately 31.2 Mb consisting of 38 scaffolds with contig and scaffold N50 of 2.4 Mb. The BUSCO completeness score of the assembled genome was 97.5% using the Ascomycota gene set. Information on the genome of A. socialis is important for California conservation purposes given that this lichen is threatened in some places locally by wildfires due to climate change. This reference genome will be used for understanding the genetic diversity, population genomics, and comparative genomics of A. socialis species. Genomic resources for this species will support population and landscape genomics investigations, exploring the use of A. socialis as a bioindicator species for climate change, and in studies of adaptation by comparing populations that occur across aridity gradients in California.

Moynihan Report Still Connected to Racist Practices in Psychiatry

Back to table of contents Previous article Next article ViewpointsFull AccessMoynihan Report Still Connected to Racist Practices in PsychiatryAnum Iqbal Baig, M.D., M.B.A., Ijeoma Ijeaku, M.D., M.P.H.Anum Iqbal BaigSearch for more papers by this author, M.D., M.B.A., Ijeoma IjeakuSearch for more papers by this author, M.D., M.P.H.Published Online:27 Sep 2022https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.pn.2022.10.10.36Daniel Moynihan, assistant secretary in the Department of Labor during the Lyndon B. Johnson administration, wrote a report in 1965 titled “The Negro Family: The Case for National Action,” better known as the Moynihan Report. According to an article in the June 24 Boston Review by Stephen Steinberg, Ph.D., distinguished emeritus professor at Queens College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, the Moynihan Report was written during the critical period when President Johnson planned to progress into “the next and more profound stage of the battle for civil rights” after the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965. Those two pieces of legislation desegregated American society and granted Blacks both civil and voting rights. Some observers have viewed the Moynihan Report as claiming that dysfunctional family structure and culture are the roots of Black poverty. We suggest that racist policies and institutional racism are responsible for inequities in the distribution of wealth and other socioeconomic commodities. As a result, these pervasive racist policies continue to have adverse effects on Black mental health.The Moynihan Report focuses on the “crumbling family structure and urban ghetto culture” in Black communities as fundamental causal factors of economic and health care disparities. While family structure can affect the economic status of Black households, it is only one of several social and political factors with such influence. Moynihan vaguely alludes to these factors by noting that “three centuries of injustice have brought about deep-seated structural distortions in the life of the Negro American.” He then states that “a national effort towards the problem of Negro Americans must be directed towards the question of family structure.” Thus, the report oversimplifies this explanation and shifts the focus away from continued racist policies and cultural practices, which were chiefly responsible for contributing to inadequate Black employment.The Moynihan Report’s findings are undermined by the flawed argument that the “tangle of pathologies” are direct consequences of dysfunctional family structure, rather than a contributing factor to Black poverty. He concludes the report by stating that the U.S. federal government can attempt to solve this problem by creating programs “enhancing the stability and resources of the Negro American family.” According to an article in the June 30, 2015, In These Times by Daniel Geary, Ph.D., M.A., the ambiguous language used in the Moynihan Report allows its use by some to justify racism and its resulting economic inequalities, leading to damaging consequences. Geary is the Mark Pigott Associate Professor of U.S. History at Trinity College Dublin.The Moynihan Report is relevant today because of the continued presence of unresolved sociopolitical and economic issues mentioned therein. These matters continue to promote racism via racist policies that result in racial and health care disparities for Black people. Policies that perpetuate racial violence result in mistrust of the legal, political, and health care systems, thus leading to reduced access to mental health care. According to an article by Tahmi Perzichilli, M.S., L.P.C.C., posted May 7, 2020, in Counseling Today, the pervasive fear and mistrust of the health care system arise from historical reasons including the creation of “drapetomania” as a treatable mental illness that caused enslaved Blacks to want freedom, deinstitutionalization, use of the criminal justice system to control Blacks, and scientific racism. The unresolved sociopolitical and economic issues discussed in the Moynihan Report can be addressed through the enactment of anti-racist policies in every sphere of the American experience. Anti-racist policies are necessary to improve the overall well-being of Blacks as well as their access to mental health care. ■Resources“The Moynihan Report: The Negro Family, the Case for National Action”“The Moynihan Report at Fifty”“The Moynihan Report Is Turning 50. Its Ideas on Black Poverty Were Wrong Then and Are Now”“The Historical Roots of Racial Disparities in the Mental Health System”Anum Iqbal Baig, M.D., M.B.A., is a PGY-4 psychiatry resident and chief resident at the Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science. She is also a second-year APA/APAF Leadership Fellow and a member of the Southern California Psychiatric Society (SCPS) Diversity and Culture Committee.Ijeoma Ijeaku, M.D., M.P.H., is the immediate past president of the SCPS and chair of the Diversity and Culture Committee. She is also an associate clinical professor at UC Riverside School of Medicine. ISSUES NewArchived

On Keepin’ It Hushed and the Power of Black Mentorship

In a wave of serendipity, Vorris Nunley’s Keepin’ It Hushed: The Barbershop and African American Hush Harbor Rhetoric ushered me into the world of rhetorical studies. I read the book for the first time in my junior year at Claflin University while enrolled in a special topics course taught by Dr. Melissa Pearson.In Keepin’ It Hushed, Nunley historicizes how Black language has been circumscribed in the aftermath of the Middle Passage and in the shadow of White supremacy. Miraculously, Black rhetors have managed to cultivate spaces for the exchange of frank Black language beyond the “disciplining gaze of whiteness,” Nunley illuminates (3). He codifies this tradition of covert Black expressive culture as “African American hush harbor rhetoric” and traces the genealogy of its performance from enslavement onward, prioritizing an investigation of the Black barbershop.Unquestionably, reading Keepin’ It Hushed was a revelatory experience. I had never witnessed Black language and Black knowledge production treated with such brilliance and care. Noticing my interest in the book, Dr. Pearson informed me that Dr. Nunley would serve as a codirector of the newly created Lindon Barrett Scholars Mentoring Program at the University of California, Riverside. Created to recruit graduates from historically Black colleges and universities to pursue doctoral work in African American literature and culture, the program was set to run the summer after our class ended. With Dr. Pearson’s encouragement and recommendation, I was accepted into the program’s inaugural cohort.After arriving on campus, each Lindon Barrett scholar was assigned a research mentor from UC Riverside’s faculty. To my great luck, I became Dr. Nunley’s mentee, and, for several weeks, I conceptualized my honors thesis on the writings of Ida B. Wells-Barnett under his advisement. At the end of the program, sensing that I possessed questions whose answers would take longer than my final year at Claflin to explore, Dr. Nunley gifted me a list of graduate programs where he thought my research interests could be incubated. Acknowledging that his alma mater was one of the schools listed and nudging me to trust my own instincts on the matter, he offered earnestly, “I went to Penn State, but you don’t have to go there.”Ultimately, I did attend Pennsylvania State University, where I earned a PhD in English and African American and African Diaspora Studies. During my first semester, I met Dr. Keith Gilyard, who would become my doctoral advisor and mentor. On the first day of his Ethnic Rhetorics seminar, Dr. Gilyard asked students to introduce themselves. After I said my name and delivered the usual introductory monologue, Dr. Gilyard looked intently at me and responded playfully, “Yeah, someone told me about you already.”In the final analysis, I don’t think it is hyperbolic to posit that reading Keepin’ It Hushed created a domino effect that is the reason I became a rhetorician. If I had not read the book my junior year, I would not have applied to the Lindon Barrett Scholars Mentoring Program. I would not have met Dr. Nunley, and I would not have received his encouragement to pursue my doctoral training in the field of rhetoric-composition. I am eternally grateful that all these events, enabled by the power of Black mentorship, have passed.

Notes on Contributors

David Arnold is Professor of History at Columbia Basin College where he teaches courses in US, Native American, and African American history. His first book, The Fishermen's Frontier: People and Salmon in Southeast Alaska (University of Washington Press, 2008) is a social and environmental history of Indian and non-Indian fishermen from precontact to present.Matthew M. Babcock is Associate Professor of History at the University of North Texas at Dallas and author of Apache Adaptation to Hispanic Rule. He received his PhD at Southern Methodist University, and he focuses on the history of North American borderlands, American Indians, and the colonial Southwest.Rosie C. Bermudez is Assistant Professor of History at the University of California, San Diego. Her research and teaching interests include Chicana grassroots activism, social movements, and women of color feminisms. Bermudez is currently writing a book about Chicana activist Alicia Escalante and the East Los Angeles Welfare Rights Organization.Dea H. Boster is Associate Professor of History in the Humanities Department at Columbus State Community College in Columbus, Ohio. She has published several works on the history of American medicine and disability, including African American Slavery and Disability: Bodies, Property, and Power in the Antebellum South (Routledge, 2012).Heather D. Curtis is the Warren S. Woodbridge Professor of Religion at Tufts University, where she also holds appointments in the Department of History and the Department of Studies in Race, Colonialism, and Diaspora. Curtis received her doctorate in American Religion from Harvard University. Her research explores how religion has shaped responses to racial injustice, humanitarian disasters, and bodily illness from the late nineteenth century to the present.Justene Hill Edwards is Assistant Professor of History at the University of Virginia. She is the author of Unfree Markets: The Slaves’ Economy and the Rise of Capitalism in South Carolina (2021).David G. García earned his PhD in US History at UCLA and is Associate Professor in the UCLA School of Education and Information Studies. He is the author of the award-winning book Strategies of Segregation: Race, Residence, and the Struggle for Educational Equality (University of California Press, 2018).Lyrianne E. González is a History PhD student minoring in Latino Studies at Cornell University. She is a mid-twentieth-century historian with focuses in US labor history, US foreign labor relations, US–Mexico relations, and im/migration. Her research investigates the racial and generational legacies of US agricultural guestworker programs.José G. Moreno is a full-time senior lecturer in ethnic studies and sociology and the Associate Director of the Ethnic Studies Program at Northern Arizona University. He has published various peer review articles, critical essays, and book reviews in academic publications.Mark Newman is a reader in history at the University of Edinburgh. He thanks the University of Edinburgh Development Trust Research Fund, the British Academy, the Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland, and the Leverhulme Trust for the financial support that made this article possible.Lucy E. Salyer is Professor of History at the University of New Hampshire. She is the author of Under the Starry Flag (Harvard University Press, 2018), Laws Harsh as Tigers (University of North Carolina Press, 1995), and numerous articles on the history of immigration and citizenship policy.Ryan E. Santos is a lecturer in the Social and Cultural Analysis of Education program at California State University, Long Beach and in the Chicana/o and Latina/o Studies Department at California State University, Los Angeles. His research and teaching emphasize educational history with an emphasis on race, community resistance, and the law.Cameron Tardif is a PhD student who studies twentieth-century US history at Cornell University. His research focuses on how the relationship of slavery and freedom between the United States and Canada impacts the experiences of transnational black athletes. His work has been published in the Journal of Sport History.Lila Teeters is Visiting Assistant Professor of History and Political Science at Worcester State University. She received her PhD in American History from the University of New Hampshire in 2021. Her dissertation is entitled “Native Citizens: The Fight for and against Native American Citizenship, 1887–1924.”Tara J. Yosso is Professor in the Graduate School of Education at UC Riverside. Her research seeks to recover counter-narratives of race, schooling, inequality, and the law. Her extensively cited publications examine the ways people of color utilize community cultural wealth to survive and resist racism and other forms of subordination.Hao Zou is an independent scholar based in San Francisco. His research interests include Asian American history, immigration history, race and ethnicity, and the history of the American West.

Gossip, the Common Denominator

Gossip, the Common Denominator

Transgender tanka

transgender tanka Rodolfo Avelar (bio) if i were to fleeinto a mountain range& listen to her& be sure to water herwould she grow out of me then? [End Page 67] Rodolfo Avelar Rodolfo Avelar is a poet and artist from Fresno, CA. They hold a Bachelor of Arts from Fresno State, where they studied English Literature and Creative Writing. Their poetry projects queer people of color into science fiction, the future, outer space, and queer liberation. They are a MFA candidate in poetry at UC Riverside. As a Milkweed 2019 summer intern, they designed and edited book length poetry manuscripts. Their work can be found at the Acentos Review, COUNTERCLOCK, and elsewhere. They hope to publish, edit, & teach poetry, perfect their desk set-up, and play some video games along the way. Copyright © 2022 Pleiades and Pleiades Press

Report of the Eighty-Third Annual Meeting: San Diego, California October 14–16, 2021

Report of the Eighty-Third Annual MeetingSan Diego, California October 14–16, 2021 Liz Ridder, Atsushi Nara, and Yolonda Youngs (bio) After a one-year meeting hiatus due to Covid-19, APCG members gleefully gathered, in-person and online, for the Eighty-Third Annual Meeting at San Diego State University (SDSU). Much to the organizers' relief, 149 people pre-registered for the meeting, with 66 online and 83 in-person attendees, plus several folks who registered in person. This year's meeting was unique for many reasons and was aptly themed "Geographies of Transition." Organizers Atsushi Nara, Liz Ridder, and Yolonda Youngs, each from a different California State University (CSU)—SDSU, CSU San Marcos, and CSU San Bernardino—banded together to bring a hybrid meeting format to APCG without losing long-standing APCG meeting traditions. This "experimental" year was part of a larger initiative organized by the AAG and its Climate Action Task Force as part of their Regions Connect: A Joint Climate Forward Initiative, which may lead to larger regional meetings in the future, to reduce carbon emissions of AAG events. As part of meeting registration, attendees could virtually attend the streaming and recorded sessions of the Applied Geography Conference and the AAG Regional Division meetings of the Southwest (SWAAG), East Lakes, West Lakes, New England-St. Lawrence Valley (NESTVAL), and Great Plains/Rocky Mountains. Concurrent paper and poster sessions took place Thursday and Friday in the Conrad Prebys Aztec Student Union. Also known as the Union, the building opened in 2013, replacing the first CSU student union, the Aztec Center. The construction of the Union reused and recycled approximately eighty percent of the Aztec Center's materials, and the building is LEED Double Platinum Certified. The recent renaming of one of the meeting rooms created momentary confusion until a clever geographer updated the door sign to match the new name printed in the meeting program and campus maps. Once [End Page 163] meeting room locations were sorted, thirty-one in-person and seventeen virtual papers and eight posters were presented by authors from Arizona, California, Michigan, Washington, Oregon, Nevada, Florida, Alabama, and Germany. On Thursday afternoon, Keynote Speaker Dr. Marilyn Raphael, Professor, UCLA, Director of the UCLA Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, and Vice President of the AAG, presented "Antarctic Sea Ice—How Important Is It?" highlighting regional patterns of spatial, spectral, and temporal variability, including the timing of advance and retreat, and positive and negative growth trends of sea ice throughout the Antarctic. These patterns are likely related to Antarctica's geography and the influence of the ocean and atmosphere, which are expected to change as the atmosphere continues to change. Friday's Keynote Lecture by Dr. Park Williams continued discussions on "Geographies of Transition" and the impacts of climate change in his talk, "The effect of climate change on water, wildfire, and life across North America." This year's conference also featured two special sessions on Friday afternoon. Dr. Atsushi Nara organized and moderated a hybrid-mode interactive workshop to identify perceptions about the skills and knowledge to succeed in geocomputation-related careers. The project is an NSF-funded collaboration through an Encoding Geography Researcher-Practitioner Partnership (RPP) led by AAG, SDSU, San Diego Mesa Community College, Sweetwater High School Union District, Texas State University, and UC Riverside. Dr. Dan Arreola organized and moderated a discussion panel titled "Donald W. Meinig's Southwest at Half-Century, A Reflection and Appreciation." Former Meinig students and scholars of his work Bill Wyckoff, Craig Colten, Paul Starrs, and Richard Nostrand shared their perspectives on Meinig's influence on their interpretations of the Southwest and the formation of their geographical perspectives. Social events such as the Women's Network and Graduate Student lunches provided opportunities to celebrate students and connect with new colleagues and old friends. The Thursday-night reception on the Union's 3rd Floor Terrace included wonderful food and drink, supplemented [End Page 164] by a spectacular view and live music from the courtyard below. The highlights of Friday night's awards banquet were the numerous student awards for outstanding papers and posters and student travel scholarships, presenting Chris Lukinbeal with the Distinguished Service...

Chemical Anthropomorphism: Acting Out General Chemistry Concepts in Social Media Videos Facilitates Student-Centered Learning and Public Engagement

This article describes the educational and public engagement outcomes of an activity called the “ChemClout Challenge” that was implemented in a general chemistry course at UC Riverside. Students worked in groups to make chemistry-themed videos, posted them to social media platforms, then voted on their favorite videos. The majority of students elected to make videos where they anthropomorphized general chemistry concepts, physically acting out principles such as ideal gas law relationships and electrolyte solubility. Students reported enjoying these anthropomorphized videos most. These types of videos received over one million views worldwide within the first month of posting on the social media platform, TikTok. After the course was over, 75 students completed voluntary Likert scale surveys to assess the educational and outreach impact of the ChemClout Challenge. Eighty-eight percent of students reported that the activity made chemistry more relatable, whereas 76% of students noted that the activity helped them retain course concepts two months after the course was completed, indicating the activity benefitted student learning. Moreover, 84% of students reported that their friends and family members outside of UC Riverside watched the videos, with 72% of students reporting that they explained the chemical concepts of their videos to their friends. These studies indicate that student-created social media videos that anthropomorphize chemistry are highly effective vectors for student-centered learning and public engagement in chemical concepts. This activity may find particular utility for educators during the COVID-19 pandemic, as it is compatible with distance learning.

William E. Walton 1956–2020

William E. Walton 1956–2020

Kernel Extreme Learning Machine: An Efficient Model for Estimating Daily Dew Point Temperature Using Weather Data

Accurate estimation of dew point temperature (Tdew) has a crucial role in sustainable water resource management. This study investigates kernel extreme learning machine (KELM), boosted regression tree (BRT), radial basis function neural network (RBFNN), multilayer perceptron neural network (MLPNN), and multivariate adaptive regression spline (MARS) models for daily dew point temperature estimation at Durham and UC Riverside stations in the United States. Daily time scale measured hydrometeorological data, including wind speed (WS), maximum air temperature (TMAX), minimum air temperature (TMIN), maximum relative humidity (RHMAX), minimum relative humidity (RHMIN), vapor pressure (VP), soil temperature (ST), solar radiation (SR), and dew point temperature (Tdew) were utilized to investigate the applied predictive models. Results of the KELM model were compared with other models using eight different input combinations with respect to root mean square error (RMSE), coefficient of determination (R2), and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) statistical indices. Results showed that the KELM models, using three input parameters, VP, TMAX, and RHMIN, with RMSE = 0.419 °C, NSE = 0.995, and R2 = 0.995 at Durham station, and seven input parameters, VP, ST, RHMAX, TMIN, RHMIN, TMAX, and WS, with RMSE = 0.485 °C, NSE = 0.994, and R2 = 0.994 at UC Riverside station, exhibited better performance in the modeling of daily Tdew. Finally, it was concluded from a comparison of the results that out of the five models applied, the KELM model was found to be the most robust by improving the performance of BRT, RBFNN, MLPNN, and MARS models in the testing phase at both stations.

Editorial Note

The North American Nietzsche Society held its second biannual conference at Stanford University on October 5–7, 2018. The three-day event featured invited keynotes by Jessica Berry (Georgia State University) and John Richardson (NYU). In addition, the program committee selected seven papers from a pool of over seventy submissions. The conference concluded with a group discussion on Nietzsche's attitude toward empirical science, featuring invited presentations by Maudemarie Clark (UC Riverside) and Tsarina Doyle (Galway).Lanier Anderson deserves special thanks for organizing the conference at Stanford. I would also like to thank Lanier Anderson, Robert Guay, Tom Bailey, Allison Merrick, Andrew Huddleston, Béatrice Han-Pile, and Bernard Reginster for their work on the Program Committee. Finally, Justin Remhof, Rachel Cristy, Richard Elliot, Gudrun von Tevenar, Matt Dill, Matt Meyer, and Gabriel Zamosc-Regueros served as commentators for papers at the conference; their contributions to the lively and insightful discussions were greatly appreciated.Many of the papers from the conference are included as articles in this issue. The first is Jessica Berry's keynote address, in which she develops a position that she terms “doxastic skepticism.” In particular, Berry argues that Nietzsche sees a particular notion of belief, or “faith” (Glaube), as pathological, in part because an exaggerated emphasis on Glaube undermines other cognitive capacities. The second keynote, by John Richardson, was titled “Nietzsche's New Gods.” Richardson argues that although Nietzsche is critical of traditional religion, he nonetheless believes that the notion of gods can be used to cultivate and sustain certain affective states. The text of Richardson's talk is not reprinted here but is forthcoming as a chapter in his new book, provisionally titled Nietzsche's Values.A selection of six papers from the conference follows. These are wide ranging: Kaitlyn Creasy asks how we might overcome a particular form of nihilism; Joel van Fossen analyzes Nietzsche's notion of shame; Tom Hanauer asks how Nietzsche's claim that we are “strangers to ourselves” relates to his critical project in GM; Scott Jenkins looks at the way in which Nietzsche takes up and alters the notion of pessimism; Daisy Laforce distinguishes three modes of history at work in GM; and Avery Snelson examines Nietzsche's notion of conscience and obligation.Further details on the North American Nietzsche Society, including information on past conferences and the upcoming conference, to be held at Georgia State University in Atlanta (October 2020), can be found at www.northamericannietzschesociety.com.

Editorial Note

The North American Nietzsche Society held its second biannual conference at Stanford University on October 5–7, 2018. The three-day event featured invited keynotes by Jessica Berry (Georgia State University) and John Richardson (NYU). In addition, the program committee selected seven papers from a pool of over seventy submissions. The conference concluded with a group discussion on Nietzsche's attitude toward empirical science, featuring invited presentations by Maudemarie Clark (UC Riverside) and Tsarina Doyle (Galway).Lanier Anderson deserves special thanks for organizing the conference at Stanford. I would also like to thank Lanier Anderson, Robert Guay, Tom Bailey, Allison Merrick, Andrew Huddleston, Béatrice Han-Pile, and Bernard Reginster for their work on the Program Committee. Finally, Justin Remhof, Rachel Cristy, Richard Elliot, Gudrun von Tevenar, Matt Dill, Matt Meyer, and Gabriel Zamosc-Regueros served as commentators for papers at the conference; their contributions to the lively and insightful discussions were greatly appreciated.Many of the papers from the conference are included as articles in this issue. The first is Jessica Berry's keynote address, in which she develops a position that she terms “doxastic skepticism.” In particular, Berry argues that Nietzsche sees a particular notion of belief, or “faith” (Glaube), as pathological, in part because an exaggerated emphasis on Glaube undermines other cognitive capacities. The second keynote, by John Richardson, was titled “Nietzsche's New Gods.” Richardson argues that although Nietzsche is critical of traditional religion, he nonetheless believes that the notion of gods can be used to cultivate and sustain certain affective states. The text of Richardson's talk is not reprinted here but is forthcoming as a chapter in his new book, provisionally titled Nietzsche's Values.A selection of six papers from the conference follows. These are wide ranging: Kaitlyn Creasy asks how we might overcome a particular form of nihilism; Joel van Fossen analyzes Nietzsche's notion of shame; Tom Hanauer asks how Nietzsche's claim that we are “strangers to ourselves” relates to his critical project in GM; Scott Jenkins looks at the way in which Nietzsche takes up and alters the notion of pessimism; Daisy Laforce distinguishes three modes of history at work in GM; and Avery Snelson examines Nietzsche's notion of conscience and obligation.Further details on the North American Nietzsche Society, including information on past conferences and the upcoming conference, to be held at Georgia State University in Atlanta (October 2020), can be found at www.northamericannietzschesociety.com.

Donald Bers.

Donald Bers.

The Vibrating Universe: Astronomy for the Deaf

The Deaf have often been overlooked when designing informal STEM education and public outreach activities. Astronomers at UC Riverside and teachers at the California School for the Deaf, Riverside (CSDR), have designed an astronomy workshop aimed specifically for the Deaf using the school’s on-site sound lab. We have used astronomy for this workshop because the field has a significant edge over other sciences to act as portal for K-12 engagement in science given the imagery it presents, the answers it offers to grand questions, and its interdisciplinary nature. The workshop is an unconventional activity that excites the students and provides a positive experience in astronomy, based on knowledge that they already acquired beforehand in the classroom. Our workshop uses electromagnetic emissions, enhanced sounds and sonification processes of cosmic phenomena that have low frequencies and sufficiently distinguishable patterns which are delivered to students through a specialized designed sound lab for the Deaf. Storytelling paired with videos and images are used to give understandable meaning to the sounds of the Universe. Positive feedback was collected from over 80 students who participated in our workshop. Our activity can be reproduced elsewhere to further engage the Deaf community in science.

Donald Daviau: September 30, 1927–April 27, 2019

Donald DaviauSeptember 30, 1927–April 27, 2019 Paul F. Dvorak, Professor Emeritus Donald Daviau, who edited this journal under its former title, Modern Austrian Literature, over an incredible three-decade span from 1971 to 1999, passed away in April 2019, just as this issue was in copyediting. While we came on board too late to have had the opportunity to get to know Don personally, we have admired his expert stewardship of this journal over such a long period and often return to the special issues he edited in order to read his introductions, which mark milestones in Austrian Studies in North America. The following Nachruf comes from someone who did know him well. We are grateful to Paul F. Dvorak for writing this for us on very short notice so that we could keep to the publication schedule that we are sure this journal’s longest-serving editor would want us to maintain. ________ Professor Donald G. Daviau, perhaps the most influential American scholar responsible for establishing Austrian literature as a distinct specialty within the broader field of German literature in the United States, passed away on April 27, 2019, in Kirchberg am Wechsel in Austria at the age of 91. His long and illustrious career spanned the mid-twentieth century to the most recent past. Professor Daviau, or Don as he was best known to his many colleagues and friends, was born on September 30, 1927, in Worcester, Massachusetts. With the aid of the GI Bill following his service in the US Navy, he earned a BA in German at Clark University followed by his MA and PhD at the University of California at Berkeley in 1954–55. Preceding the completion of his doctorate with a dissertation on Hermann Bahr, he spent a year at the University of Vienna as a Fulbright student. He then joined the faculty at the University of California at Riverside, where over the years he became professor, department chair, and eventually professor emeritus. Following his [End Page xv] retirement from the university in 1998, Don shared his time between homes in Moreno Valley, California, and Kirchberg with his wife, Dr. Gertraud Steiner Daviau, while continuing to maintain a rigorous scholarly life. Until very late in his life, he continued to organize and attend conferences, research, write, and edit multiple books and articles. In 1955, Don founded the International Arthur Schnitzler Research Association and served as its president; he was also editor of the literary journal Modern Austrian Literature from 1971 to 1999. For many years was the president of the American Council for the Study of Austrian Literature, of which he was a founder. Perhaps most significant, and a crowning contribution according to his wife as well, were the annual symposia on Austrian literature held at UC Riverside between 1983 and 1999. Organized by Don with Jorun B. Johns, these conferences were based on a different theme each year. Remembered fondly by many participants, these conferences brought together both younger and well-established scholars from the United States, Austria, and other countries. The conferences included readings by contemporary Austrian authors, current Austrian films, and speeches by prominent Austrians and representatives of Austrian government agencies. Many of the papers presented were subsequently published in the journal Modern Austrian Literature. The legacy of the Riverside efforts has been carried forward under new leadership, first as MALCA (the Modern Austrian Literature and Culture Association) from 2000 to 2012 and from that year to the present as the Austrian Studies Association. The affiliated journal is the present Journal of Austrian Studies. For me personally and for so many other scholars interested in Austria, the symposia provided a unique opportunity to interact with each other as well as with the annual parade of contemporary Austrian authors who attended and read from their works. In addition to his own many articles, reference book contributions, presentations, and books, Don contributed greatly to the study of Austrian literature and culture by affording other scholars opportunities to network, present papers, engage in discussion, publish peer-reviewed articles, and author translations and scholarly books in the Ariadne Press, of which Don was editor, along with Jorun B. Johns, from 1985 to 1999...

Must

We have the base of what Gerald Vizenor termed survivance inherently stitched into our memory, mind-set, and measure. de-escalations, disarmament, and returns. Insomuch that the music and texts of the day still hold power, we must question these wrongful events and remember not to repeat them again. In this spirit, the inclusions in the following special section present ways of being present, engaged, active, and completely alive despite maneuvers to oppress and terminate. These words are memory, happening currently , and nourishment to feed our rising above the sense of despair we carry with the strength of fighting injustice, standing upright, and the strength of peace in the clarity of what it means to take a stand, to resist, and to deliver better options for the future of human life. Sending support to all who take the stand against injustice, who stand for equity, equality, balance, harmony , good health for the planet and all its measure of creatures and beings; to all who understand the significance of Indigenous knowledge and significance of caretaking of the waters, earth, air, and life; and to all who keep a fire for the future and hold the timeliness of memory close. The time for raising consciousness is now, is imperative, and each and every active engagement we devote ourselves to can be the difference of life or death. Make a difference. We must be fierce in the face of fear and peaceful with the world we need. In the end, our actions and inactions are our measure and our grace. It is such a privilege to bring this offering of essays, stories, poems bringing deeper meaning to what we know and what these words call us to do: partake, participate! Riverside, California Allison Adelle Hedge Coke’s books include Streaming, Burn, and Effigies III. Her recent awards include the Library of Congress Witter Bynner Fellowship, the First Jade Nurtured SiHui Female International Poetry Award, a Fulbright Fellowship, and the Dan and Maggie Inouye Distinguished Chair in Democratic Ideals. A distinguished professor of creative writing at UC Riverside and a former sharecropper, she has worked fields, factories, waters. We must live and decide for ourselves what our lives are to be. Each year, each day, each minute of our time on Earth matters. We must believe in what we are doing. We must be sure of what we are doing in order to survive and be sustainable and go on and on and on. We must be sure of what we are doing as we live. We must be certain of what kind of life we are to live within. We must be sure to value the past, present, and the future. We must respect, honor, and help others always and always. We must believe in love because without love nothing is possible. Must is a word that has to do with responsibility, obligation, humility, simplicity, gratitude, integrity. Must is also a word having to do with respect, honesty, fairness, equality, and reliability. And must also means: we must allow ourselves to live life. Poet, fiction, and creative nonfiction writer Simon J. Ortiz (Acoma Pueblo) is a retired Regents Professor at Arizona State University and editor emeritus of Red Ink journal. He is determined to express an Indigenous voice that he believes is the essence of present-day reality, conscience, culture, and sense of responsibility. Must by Simon J. Ortiz HEDGE COKE PHOTO: ADRIANNE MATHIOWETZ Visit worldlit.org to read the full poem. WORLDLIT.ORG 55 ILLUSTRATION: DUSTIN MATER ...

Minml Poems

Minml Poems Mag Gabbert (bio) lcss [End Page 351] mocn [End Page 352] anammal [End Page 353] whail [End Page 354] woolf [End Page 355] Mag Gabbert MAG GABBERT holds a PhD from Texas Tech University and an MFA from UC Riverside. Her work has been published in 32 Poems, Stirring, The Rumpus, Phoebe, and many other journals. Mag teaches creative writing at Southern Methodist University; she edits for Iron Horse Literary Review and Underblong. Website: maggabbert.com. Copyright © 2019 Mag Gabbert

A new robust codominant sex-linked STS marker for asparagus

A new sex-linked codominant STS marker useful for discriminating between normal males (Mm), supermales (MM) and females (mm) is described. Primers for this marker were designed based on a reference sequence provided by an internationally funded asparagus genome sequencing consortium. According to this reference sequence, the marker is located approximately 1.3 Kb downstream from the 5’ end of the putative non-recombining sex determination region. Four female (mm) plants lack a 26 bp sequence that is present in four supermale (MM) plants aligned to the reference sequence. The primer combination RM17 surrounds this region and amplifies a 189 bp marker in plants with the m allele and a 215 bp marker in plants with the M allele. Serial dilutions of Qiagen-purified DNA from spears indicated both bands could be resolved with template concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 2000 ng of template per 10 ul reaction. We have tested this marker in numerous plants from UC Riverside asparagus germplasm, which includes material derived from ‘Mary Washington’ (selections from Hanna, Ellison and Takatori) and old Dutch and German cultivars. We found one diploid plant with an apparent crossover between the marker and the sex locus, but plan to confirm this with a new test cross. An initial survey of plants from the UC Riverside Third International Cultivar Trial indicated that at least one possible crossover event between the marker and the sex locus likely occurred in an ancestor of ‘Purple Passion’, ‘Sweet Purple’, ‘NJ1016’ and ‘Pacific Purple’. These cultivars all share ‘Violetto d'Albenga’ as a common ancestor, and this marker highlights the divergence between the tetraploid and diploid Asparagus varieties. This marker is simple to use and very robust.

The Document as Music. Exploring the musicality of verbatim material in performance

During a four-week fellowship at the LMU Munich in 2016, Bella Merlin (UC Riverside, USA) and David Roesner (Theatre Studies, LMU Munich) investigated the relationship between original interview material and its (musical) staging. In particular, they explored the ethics and aesthetics that musicalisation might present in relation to the speech patterns, vocal inflections and rhythms of their interview partners from across three generations in three different countries. In this article they will draw conclusions from their working process, which address questions about verbatim theatre and musicality beyond their particular study.