Typology Of Movements Research Articles

Nilai Kebebasan sebagai Wujud Protes dalam Puisi Karya Wiji Thukul dan Chairil Anwar: Kajian Analisis Break

Gender inequality often occurs in women. This is because the construction of a patriarchal society places This research aims to describe the spirit and essence of Wiji Thukul's poem entitled Warning and Chairil Anwar's poem entitled Aku. This poem is the most popular compared to other poems. Apart from that, these poems have made the poet's name still known today. The discussion of this paper uses the BREAK theory. BREAK is an abbreviation for Discourse Basis, Discourse Relations, Discourse Equilibrium, Discourse Actualization, and Discourse Sustainability. This theory was designed by Sawirman as a response to the limitations of Kantian, Hegelian, and Marxian dialectics in describing the typology of movements and structures of change in reality and discourse in a way that can accommodate. The focus of this theory is to explain linguistic phenomena while considering changes in essence and spirit in discourse. Furthermore, the method used in this research adopts a qualitative method. A qualitative research method is an approach that produces descriptive data in the form of written or oral data. Then, the data analysis carried out in this research uses the help of semiotic theory introduced by Saussure and stylistic concepts related to the use of figures of speech. This research provides an analysis that Wiji Thukul's poetry (as primary discourse) and Chairil Anwar's (as secondary discourse) have different discourse essences. The results of this research found that in the primary discourse, there is a spirit of collective freedom, while in the secondary discourse there is a spirit of individual freedom. Meanwhile, the spirit of the primary discourse is a warning to the authorities and an effort to raise the spirit of the people and the spirit of the secondary discourse is that freedom must be obtained by humans at the individual level.

Typology of Islamic Movements in Indonesia 18-19 Century

The study explores the typology of the Islamic movement in Indonesia in the 18th to 19th centuries with a focus on resistance to Dutch colonialism, education, as well as tasawuf and tarekat aspects. The phenomenon of religious revivalism, especially in the growth of the practitioners and tarekat, was closely linked to the rise of the people of Hajj in the 19th century. Dutch colonial politics, in its attempt to humanize Indonesia from Islam, used Western education as its primary tool. The process of secularization occurs as a result of the penetration of Western influence into the education system, forming secular groups that tend to support non-religious organizations. The emergence of the Islamic modernist movement as a result of the diversification of the movement, especially in the fields of law, leadership, and conflict between custom and religion. Political developments show the accommodation and polarization between the traditionalist and modernist groups, shaping the diversity of Islamic movement in Indonesia. The study uses a library method with a qualitative approach, analysing contemporary historical sources related to the Islamic movement in Indonesia during that period. The results identified the typology of the movement based on its patterns and characteristics, including political, economic, educational, tasawuf, and tarekat. Various events of resistance to colonialism are described, such as the Padri Movement (1819-1837) in Minangkabau, the Diponegoro War (1825-1839) in Java, the Banjarmasin War, and the rebellion in Banten influenced by the Qadiriyah tarekat wal Naqsyabandiyah. Educational institutions, especially gymnastics, have become the focus of the Islamic movement. The importance of the role of tasawuf and tarekat in motivating resistance against colonial oppression is illustrated, for example, through the network of tarekat Syatariyah in the Java War. In conclusion, the Islamic movement in Indonesia in the 18th to 19th centuries involved complex typologies, covering aspects of resistance, education, and spirituality, shaping the dynamics of Indonesian Islamic history.

A/Ā-Operations at the Mongolian Clausal Periphery

This paper examines and provides a unified analysis for the interaction between ECM and A¯\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\hspace{1.27777pt}\\overline{\\hspace{-1.27777pt}\ ext {A}\\hspace{-1.27777pt}}\\hspace{1.27777pt}$$\\end{document}-operations such as thematic topicalization and wh-licensing at the Mongolian embedded clausal periphery. Building on a previous proposal that ECM targets Spec CP, which can be an A-position in Mongolian (Fong 2019), I argue that thematic topicalization and wh-licensing are associated with an A¯\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\hspace{1.27777pt}\\overline{\\hspace{-1.27777pt}\ ext {A}\\hspace{-1.27777pt}}\\hspace{1.27777pt}$$\\end{document}-domain projected below CP. Furthermore, I advance an analysis in which the A- and A¯\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\hspace{1.27777pt}\\overline{\\hspace{-1.27777pt}\ ext {A}\\hspace{-1.27777pt}}\\hspace{1.27777pt}$$\\end{document}-properties of syntactic dependencies are the result of different features involved in Agree relations. The Agree-based analysis allows for a flexible account for the intricate patterns of the A/A¯\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\hspace{1.27777pt}\\overline{\\hspace{-1.27777pt}\ ext {A}\\hspace{-1.27777pt}}\\hspace{1.27777pt}$$\\end{document}-interactions at the Mongolian clausal periphery, while also making concrete predictions confirmed by independent facts from this language. I then compare the Mongolian case with typical cases of improper movement, and discuss the implications of the current account for a general theory of movement typology.

Keep Your Eyes on the Prize: A goals-based approach to studying social movements in markets

Prior research on social movements and markets has thus far paid only scant attention to movement goals. In the few instances that goals are considered, the focus is on how goals provide a shared purpose to movement participants, and not on their substantive nature or ‘content’. In contrast, our review of the movements and markets literature suggests that the substantive nature of movement goals is critical because it provides a more comprehensive understanding of different market-based movements and their interactions with market actors – ultimately impacting the consequences for movements and their targets. We develop a social movement typology using a goals-based perspective to distinguish between three types of movement: alteration movements, whose goal is to alter or change the practices of markets or their actors; creation movements whose goal is to create new market categories as a means of addressing their grievances; and elimination movements whose goal is to eradicate or remove products, industries, or markets altogether. We propose that the relationship between these types of movement and market actors goes through a four-stage life cycle – emergence, action, interaction and settlement – and that initial variation in movement goals shapes differences in the movement–market relationship at each stage of this life cycle.

Bahasa dan Kebijakan Pembangunan Kelapa Sawit di Indonesia (Teori BREAK dan Linguistik Forensik)

Language and Policy for Palm Oil Development in Indonesia, using BREAK theory and policy analysis studies with deep forensic linguistic dimensions solving language problems and oil palm development policies. BREAK is an acronym for Discourse Basis, Discourse Relations, Discourse Equilibrum, Actualization Discourse, and Sustainability of Discourse. BREAK theory is a theory created by Sawirman on the failure of Kant(ian), Hegelian, and Marx(ian) dialectics in mapping the typology of movements and structures of changes in reality and discourse accommodating. This theory aims to explain linguistic phenomena along with see the movement of the essence and spirit of discourse. Policy analysis has a linguistic dimension Forensics requires knowledge and understanding of various multidisciplinary sciences. Relation language, law, and political strategy are the main variables in the analytical study policy with a forensic linguistic dimension. The results of this research show that the essence of primary discourse is planning regarding palm oil development to be better in the future. The essence of secondary discourse is news about conflicts over palm oil development that are not going well. The spirit of the primary discourse is to make changes for the better, while the spirit from secondary discourse is information that shows existing policies being sent off did not go well on the field. Next, on to policy analysis with a forensic linguistic dimension, there is an intrusion or action of a criminal within making and establishing oil palm development policies. So, on In practice in the field, oil palm development often results in conflicts.Keywords: discourse, policy, essence, spirit, BREAK, forensic linguistics

The Views and Movement of the Earth Liberation Front (ELF) Movement towards Global Capitalism

The Earth Liberation Front (ELF) movement was originally part of the Earth First! Movement and uses agitative and collaborative rhetoric in its actions. However, in 1992, the ELF broke away from Earth First! by changing its methods to those of direct action, attacking entities and symbols that represent global capitalism. The ELF’s departure becomes an exciting starting point to analyze the ELF’s view toward global capitalism through qualitative research methods. We used a framework encompassing deep ecology, social movements, and international structures. In the typology of social movements, the ELF movement belongs to the revolutionary deep ecology movement typology, which radically fights the causes of environmental damage. The ELF’s view of the international structure can be seen from three views. First, the ELF considers that the state system formed is a form of capitalism that has damaged the environment. Second, on the level of international society, the ELF has formed solidarity with its existing network in more than 20 countries. Third, on the level of world society, ELF seeks revolutionary social transformation that replaces the existing capitalist order with an order of total liberation. However, the actions and views of the ELF movement have not successfully changed the structure of the existing capitalist order.

Mobile Caring-Work: Volunteer homelessness outreach on the streets of Brighton & Hove (UK)

ABSTRACT Smith and Hall’s typology of movement and work offers a useful starting point for considering varied aspects of mobile work. However, this typology does not account for the multiple mobilities that comprise voluntary homelessness outreach projects. Soup kitchens, redistribution networks and grassroots outreach are an under-researched area, yet they are complex spaces of care operating within uneven geographies of homelessness. This article argues that informal care practices and conditions are significant in constituting this type of mobile work, which can be usefully contrasted against formal state-commissioned services. It does so through presenting findings from participatory walking interviews undertaken with volunteers providing informal care and support to people living on the streets of Brighton & Hove (UK). It argues that understanding volunteers’ experiences of the relationship between movement and work requires a relational understanding of care, which can be found in geographies of care, namely the care ecology framework of “caringscapes” and “carescapes”. The intersections of mobilities, work and care shaping volunteer outreach challenge existing frameworks. A refined conceptualisation of mobile caring-work is therefore needed, bringing together carescapes and mobilities literatures to open up interpretative possibilities and further advance our understanding of mobile work on the move.

Typology of Use of Plant Growth Regulators by Farmers in Wonorejo Village, Malang-Indonesia

In an effort to increase the growth of plants, in general, farmers use growth regulator substances such as auksin, giberelin, and cytokinin. In an effort to analyze the behavior of plant growth regulator (PGRs), the purpose of this research is to analyze the typology of plant growth regulator. The research design used is descriptive qualitative. The research informant is 10 a member of Organic Farmer Group of Sumber Urip-1 Wonorejo Village, Poncokusumo Subdistrict, Malang District. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling. Data collection methods used were in-depth interviews and participant observation. Data analysis used in this research is qualitative analysis by content analysis by using Interactive Model from Miles and Huberman. In this study, magna findings or concepts about the use of plant growth regulators will be analyzed based on the Social Movement Typology theory. Based on the results of the study can be concluded that the use of plant growth regulators included in Alternative Social Movement Typology.

Mapping global variation in human mobility.

The geographic variation of human movement is largely unknown, mainly due to a lack of accurate and scalable data. Here we describe global human mobility patterns, aggregated from over 300 million smartphone users. The data cover nearly all countries and 65% of Earth's populated surface, including cross-border movements and international migration. This scale and coverage enable us to develop a globally comprehensive human movement typology. We quantify how human movement patterns vary across sociodemographic and environmental contexts and present international movement patterns across national borders. Fitting statistical models, we validate our data and find that human movement laws apply at 10 times shorter distances and movement declines 40% more rapidly in low-income settings. These results and data are made available to further understanding of the role of human movement in response to rapid demographic, economic and environmental changes.

El episodio de movimientos en masa asociado a los temporales de nieve de 1888 en el Macizo Asturiano

<p>Este estudio analiza un episodio de movimientos en masa generado en el contexto de una serie de temporales cuyas repercusiones se dejaron sentir en numerosos países europeos e incluso en la Costa Este de Estados Unidos, afectando también al norte peninsular y, muy especialmente, al territorio del Macizo Asturiano. En este ámbito el episodio consistió en cuatro temporales de nieve que se sucedieron entre el 14 de febrero y el 8 de abril de 1888, dando lugar a espesores nivales que alcanzaron los 9 m de espesor máximo en núcleos como Pajares (1000 m s.n.m.). El manejo de fuentes históricas en combinación con el trabajo de campo y las entrevistas realizadas entre la población, ha permitido esclarecer las circunstancias en las que algunos de estos eventos se dieron, estableciendo la tipología de 27 de los movimientos desencadenados y determinando que, el deslizamiento, fue el tipo de inestabilidad más común. Determinados condicionantes como la litología del sustrato y el abrupto relieve propio de las zonas más altas del Macizo, unidos a factores antrópicos como las modificaciones previamente realizadas en la topografía de determinadas áreas, influyeron en el desarrollo de los hechos. Sin embargo, los aportes de agua procedentes de la fusión nival, se muestran como el principal agente causal de este episodio de movimientos en masa en el que 28 eventos generaron daños materiales así como grandes retrasos en las comunicaciones, resultando fallecida una persona.</p>

Hazard assessment of a complex landslide: the case of Vestea (Abruzzo, Italy)

This short note aims to reconstruct the geomorphological hazard scenarios connected to the complex landslide that insists on the territory of Vestea (Civitella Casanova Municipality, in the province of Pescara, Italy). The landslide, active for several decades, probably since the XIX century, is located along a wide valley and starting from its head. It manifests frequently local reactivations with varying movement typology; while total reactivations, taking place in concomitance of particular climate and hydrogeological factors, are more rare.

The slope aspect: A predisposing factor for landsliding?

The influence of slope aspect on the distribution of landslides was studied in the Milia and Roglio basins in Tuscany, Italy. For each basin, the new Tuscany region landslide inventory that was initiated in 2010 was used. The landslides were split into separate datasets based on their prevailing movement typology. To assess the results that were obtained from the different slope aspect values, maps of the lithology, slope angle, distances to streams, and distances to tectonic lineaments were included in the bivariate statistical analysis as comparison terms. For each basin, all of the geo-environmental factor maps were compared with the different landslide typologies with GIS software. Pearson's Chi2 (χ2) coefficient was used to test the degree of spatial association between each predictor variable and landslide type. In addition, Cramer's V test was used to quantify the strength of the degree of association. Next, a conditional analysis was applied to all of the possible combinations that occurred between the slope aspect and other landslide-predisposing factors. Overall, the slope aspect significantly affected the distribution of superficial landslide types, but apparently not that of other landslide types.

Bahasa Indonesia

Indonesian politics after New Order drawing the raise of political islam movement. Partai Keadilan Sejahtera (PKS) Welfare Justice Party bring a newest ideological looked that rooted from Islamic value. This article tend to explore reorganizing of PKS in important periods. It capture changing the name from PK to became PKS which contained switching a fundamental movement typology from dakwah which emphasizing social and mass mobilisation to political reorganisation. This article's method is literature review. This period being critical phase that PKS has successful to maintain theiri ideology and compromise with political pathways. Indeed, PKS has one of the most influent party in the future indonesian politics.

The role of population movement in the epidemiology and control of schistosomiasis in Brazil: a preliminary typology of population movement

This paper examines recent developments in migration studies. It reviews literature related to the potential role of internal population movement in the occurrence of schistosomiasis in Brazil and modifies Prothero's typology of population movement for use in Brazil. This modified classification system may contribute to a better understanding of schistosome transmission as well as improved research and control programs. The results of this study indicate that population movement in Brazil primarily involves economically-motivated rural-urban and interregional movement. However, several movement patterns have become increasingly important in recent years as a result of changing socioeconomic and urbanisation dynamics. These patterns include urban-urban, intracity and urban-rural movement as well as the movement of environmental refugees and tourists. Little is known about the epidemiological significance of these patterns. This paper also highlights the role of social networks in the decision to migrate and to settle. Prothero's classic population movement typology categorises movement as either one-way migrations or circulations and examines them along spatial and temporal scales. However, the typology must be modified as epidemiological information about new patterns becomes available. This paper identifies areas that require further research and offers recommendations that can improve the measurement and spatial analysis of the relationship between population movement and schistosomiasis.

Desymmetrization: Parametric Variation at the PF-Interface

AbstractI advance the thesis that the narrow syntactic component of CHL is purely symmetrical, with all apparent asymmetries reducing to interface conditions. Properties of Germanic object shift and scrambling, in particular the VO order-preservation (Holmberg’s Generalization), derive from symmetry-breaking strategies which dispose of superfluous (symmetric) syntactic information and ensure the PF-legibility (linearization). These interface desymmetrization strategies provide a Minimalist analysis of non-lexical (macro-)parameters, such as the head-directionality parameter.The Linear Correspondence Axiom is reconciled with the VO/OV head parameter such that linear “shape” is preserved across the derivation. This allows object shift and scrambling to emerge as two sides of a single parametric coin. The implications of this system for the A/A-bar movement typology are explored, and a Minimalist reconceptualization is offered.