Typology Of Indicators Research Articles

Assessing Resource Efficiency of City Neighbourhoods: A Methodological Framework for Structuring and Practical Application of Indicators in Urban Planning

Today, changing framework conditions of living and working in cities drive urban planning processes for refurbishment, notably at the level of neighbourhoods, and provide a window of opportunity to enhance resource efficiency and sustainable urban development. Indicators, as part of sustainability assessment methods, may support the identification of the most beneficial planning alternatives or the selection of measures. However, the fact that a multitude of indicators are proposed in the literature discourages their actual use and hampers a sound application for decision support. To tackle these challenges, a manual has been developed proposing a framework for the use of indicators in urban planning. In this contribution, the theoretical foundations of the proposed framework are analysed. A conceptual outline of the framework is presented, which as its core has a typology of indicators, and its embedding in urban planning processes is discussed. The framework combines a theoretically concise unifying structure with a flexible practical approach for application in diverse areas of resource efficiency. Thus, it shall enhance transparency as well as comparability in the use of indicators, foster communication between stakeholders and in the long run support the application of indicators and use of sustainability assessment methods as regular parts of urban planning.

Urban logistics and spatial territorial intelligence indicators: State-of-the-art, typology and implications for Latin American cities

This paper reviews the state of the art in spatial accessibility and attractiveness indicators for urban freight transport and logistics, from a territorial intelligence and analytics viewpoint. It proposes a first typology of indicators and analyzes their potential in Latin American urban planning and development. After presenting the main notions of business intelligence and analytics, as well as a definition of territorial intelligence and analytics, the paper proposes an overview of territorial intelligence indicators, focusing on accessibility and attractiveness indicators, and a typology of five categories of indicators: infrastructure-based indicators, generation-based indexes, distance/time/cost measures, gravity-based indicators and space-time compatibility indexes. Finally, the main issues for implementing such indicators are presented, in terms of data requirements and potential applications focusing on the Latin American context.

Assessing a Sustainable Urban Development: Typology of Indicators and Sources of Information

In the field of sustainability assessment of built environment, the focus has started shifting from buildings to neighbourhoods and cities. As a result, numerous assessment systems have emerged to support investors in the design and development of sustainable neighbourhoods. Such approaches, however, can hardly be applied to existing neighbourhoods. The paper explores how “flexible” indicator systems can support the process of sustainable development of existing neighbourhoods. It also deals with issues related to the selection of indicators, identification of data sources and data protection. It is recommended to use such indicators systems to support housing improvement districts (HID) among others.

Research methodology for analyzing entrepreneurial structures’ performance indicators

The paper presents a system approach for analyzing the performance indicators of small and medium enterprises as well as individual entrepreneurs forming various entrepreneurial structures. It is proposed to use mathematical tool of set theory and theory of probability for modeling entrepreneurial activities. The relationship between indicators characterizing the sets of entrepreneurial structures based on size-organizational, sectoral and territorial features is studied. The typology of indicators is given. The use of density functions of a normal distribution for describing the sets of entrepreneurial structures is shown.

Measuring Human Development in a High-Income Country: A Conceptual Framework for Well-Being Indicators

This paper is concerned with the construction of an appropriate conceptual framework for measuring human development with a focus on high-income countries. Too often, the measurement exercise is based on a purely empirical basis where indicators simply reflect data availability and “conventional wisdom”. This is likely to misguide policy-makers. We deal with two core points for the construction of a conceptual framework: (a) specification of the theoretical approach and (b) identification of the relevant categories of indicators. The paper endorses the capability approach which is the theoretical underpinning of human development. In line with this perspective, it offers a view of the relationships between key concepts such as human development, well-being, capabilities, and functionings. Based on this framework, it then tries to identify which typology of indicators is more suitable for measuring people's functionings. Building on a multidisciplinary literature, we classify indicators as input, output, outcome, and impact indicators, and conclude that outcome indicators are the best solution for measuring functionings. Finally, the paper provides examples of theoretically robust indicators and argues for a focus on more advanced functionings in high-income countries.

Indicators for Placement in Foster Care

In order to develop a typology of indicators for long-term treatment in foster care, a cluster analysis has been carried out on the items of a standardized questionnaire which is used by foster care centres in the province of Zuid-Holland. Two types of indication for placement have emerged from the present study. In combination with the foster child's age, these two types discriminate effectively between unsuccessful, prematurely terminated placements after eighteen months and continued placements. It is claimed that the employment of this procedure can effect a reduction in the number of unsuccessful, prematurely terminated placements.