Typology Of Design Research Articles

ЭТИМОЛОГИЯ И ОНТОЛОГИЯ ТЕРМИНА «ДИЗАЙН»

Based on the etymological study of the word “design”, this article reveals the ontological roots of the phenomenon. Due to its existential properties, design today includes the most diverse works – this is actually a creative idea (project), the process of its implementation (design activity) and the result (product). According to the historiographical review of definitions and typology of design in Russian and English-language literature, it is proposed to take design, practice orientation (functionality) and aesthetics as the root features of the phenomenon – properties capable of overcoming the discreteness of postmodern culture with simulacra and uncontrolled consumption generated by it. Based on the revealed characteristics of the concept, the connection of design with the Creator of the Universe – the Creator of being ‒ is traced. The term “design” turns out to be unifying and equally in demand for philology, philosophy, theology and cultural studies.

Morphology and Typology of Islamic Dome Architectural Design in the Middle East and Central Asia: Persian Islamic Dome

Morphology and Typology of Islamic Dome Architectural Design in the Middle East and Central Asia: Persian Islamic Dome

Online Romance Scams: Relational Dynamics and Psychological Characteristics of the Victims and Scammers. A Scoping Review.

Background:Digital communication technologies can overcome physical, social and psychological barriers in building romantic relationships. Online romance scams are a modern form of fraud that has spread in Western societies along with the development of social media and dating apps. Through a fictitious Internet profile, the scammer develops a romantic relationship with the victim for 6-8 months, building a deep emotional bond to extort economic resources in a manipulative dynamic. There are two notable features: on the one hand, the double trauma of losing money and a relationship, on the other, the victim's shame upon discovery of the scam, an aspect that might lead to underestimation of the number of cases.Objectives:This paper presents a scoping review of the quantitative and qualitative evidence on this issue, focusing on epidemiological aspects, relational dynamics, and the psychological characteristics of victims and scammers.Methods:A literature scoping review was conducted using electronic databases and descriptors. Studies were included if they had analyzed the phenomenon in any population or the relationship dynamics characterizing it through whatsoever typology of design. Scoping reviews are a form of knowledge synthesis, which incorporates a range of study designs and wide eligibility criteria to comprehensively summarize evidence with the aim of informing practice, programs, and policy and providing direction to future research priorities.Results:Twelve studies were included. Sixty-three percent of social media users and 3% of the general population report having been a victim at least once. Some psychological variables appear to be associated with the risk of being scammed, such as female gender, middle-age, higher levels of neuroticism, tendencies to the romantic idealization of affective relations, sensation seeking, impulsiveness and susceptibility to addiction. We analyse literature limitations and future directions. Conclusion:Since this emerging phenomenon is still largely unrecognized, understanding the psychological characteristics of victims and scammers will allow at-risk personality profiles to be identified and prevention/intervention strategies to be developed.

Incremental production of urban space: A typology of informal design

Informal settlement is a form of incremental urban design and planning that seems set to remain a primary mode of urban development in cities of the global South. Yet, we know very little about how incremental urbanism works. In this paper, we suggest a typology of increments as a conceptual lens for understanding the emergence of informal settlement morphologies. We consider the ways residents extend and renovate buildings at micro-spatial scales and identify typical increments of ‘extend’, ‘attach’, ‘replace’, ‘divide’, ‘connect’ and ‘infill’. We also explore the informal rights and codes that govern the ways in which some increments encroach on public space – ‘rights of way’, ‘air-rights’ and ‘the right to light and ventilation’. We engage with the paradox that while every increment is a form of upgrading, informal settlements often produce slum conditions. We suggest that the most effective knowledge base for slum upgrading practices lies in a better understanding of informal settlement as a mode of spatial production.

АКТУАЛЬНІ ПРОБЛЕМИ ФАХОВОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ МАЙБУТНІХ ДИЗАЙНЕРІВ У ЗАКЛАДАХ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ УКРАЇНИ: ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ ТА ПРИКЛАДНІ АСПЕКТИ

Purpose. The aim of this article was to reveal the current trends in the theory and practice of vocational training of future designers in higher education institutions of Ukraine, which relate to the understanding of the terms like “professional thinking” and “structure of professional thinking of a future designer” and the essential content of design vocational training. Methodology. A set of theoretical general scientific methods were used to meet the research aim. Those were systematic and comparative approaches based on analysis, synthesis, comparison, induction and deduction, as well as descriptive method.Findings. The analysis of scientific sources has allowed us to formulate our own definition of the concept “professional thinking of the (future) designer”, which we understand as a client-oriented design activity that combines logic, intuition, art, commerce and science. And we view the structure of professional (future) thinking of a designer as a dynamic spiral of cycles, which are a sequence of self-sufficient, self-compensating and self-perfect microprocesses aimed at intuitive-artistic and critical-logical thinking and realization of a design task. We also found that the problem of design typology remains debatable among practicing theorists today, since the use of hierarchical (subordination) or facet (the choice of classification features independently of one another and the semantic content of the object being classified) classification systems do not provide a solution to the problem. In the foreign sources, they use the term “a list of design disciplines” which is based on the main features of the way of thinking of the designer instead of the term “a typology of design by types of objects of design”. The list of design studies includes: applied arts, architecture, transport design, design of communications, configurations, engineering, graphic, fashion, game design, information architecture, industrial design, pedagogical, interaction design, interior design, landscape, light, video, process design, services, software, sound, web design. It made us convinced that with the development of technology, the above list has the potential to expand due to the fact that the principles and methods of design will adapt to other areas of human activity.Originality. The scientific novelty of the study is in formulation of the definitions of both the concept of “professional thinking of the (future) designer” and the structure of professional (future) thinking of a designer, and while analysing the scientific literature, the content of vocational training of the designers and curriculum of the higher institutions, it was discovered a trend of deepening of interdisciplinarity, namely in the direction of cross-sectoral convergence and increasing attention to the problem of formation of students’ competences of self-education.Practical value. It was specified the scope for the further investigation which is to study the possibilities of combining both trends in the model of forming the future designers’ readiness for self-education on the basis of interdisciplinary approach in art institutions of higher education.Conclusion. The list of design disciplines is based on the main features of a designer’s way of thinking. With regard to the vocational training of future designers in higher education institutions, there is a trend of deepening of interdisciplinarity, namely in the direction of cross-sectoral convergence and increasing attention to the problem of formation of students’competences of self-education.

Policy design, non-design, and anti-design: the regulation of e-cigarettes in Indonesia

ABSTRACT In this article, we propose a typology of policy design and non-design, with special attention to a category of policy making which we term, “anti-design”. We argue that contrary to the established literature, the opposite of design is not politics, but rather, a disconnect between problems, interventions, and outcomes. This disconnect can be caused by political forces but also by non-political factors such as incompetence, corruption, or global economic trends. We use an attempt by the government of Indonesia to regulate e-cigarettes to illustrate a scenario in which design activities are virtually absent. Making the distinction between design and the various forms of non-design is an important step in understanding the conditions that enable or impede rational mechanisms in the policy process.

Appraisal Based Learning for Effective Cognition of Vernacular Architecture

one of the objectives of architectural design education can be defined as mentoring architecture students to produce meaningful architecture. In concurrence a progressive divergent framework to facilitate effective learning is required. This could be achieved by adopting an instructional strategy which focuses on act of meaningful knowing. This approach would not only make transmission of learning contextually relevant, but may also significantly alter the perception of the habitable space to be conceived. The research further depicts the need for diachronic process based appraisal format of enquiry. The emphasis is on retrieval of information about effective building design strategies from past attempts with respect to a particular typology of habitat design. This knowledge base becomes basis for innovative problem addressal while resolving new spatial issues. Such a precedent based instructional strategy would pave way for meaningful architectural discourse in the design studio. A framework for appraisal based study is proposed as part of the research paper. A qualitative study of the fundamentals of traditional dwellings practices in Kerala is also carried out as part of this research. From the view point of perceiving and reflecting on built environment; the ability to recognise, understand and experience spaces in terms of appropriate settings, spatial quality, functionality and form is essential. The proposed instructional framework is further strengthened by integrating with fundamental concepts of learning theories and physiological activities related to teaching and learning based mentoring process. Essential traits from the three domains of learning theory namely behaviourism, cognitivism and constructivism are incorporated to construct a learning experience known as comprehensive approach. The understanding of human cognition and induced activity helps us to logically comprehend the various activities involved at respective stages during learning. This overall act relates to how rationally processed information is being organised in a person, how it is likely to be retrieved and applied for resolving spatial issues related to habitat design when given an opportunity.

Students’ Perceptions on the Quality of Teaching by Faculty at Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology in Kenya

This study investigated students’ perceptions on the quality of teaching between part-time and full-time faculty in Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology in 2015. The study examined students’ understanding on quality teaching, faculty tenure statuses, and relationship between faculty tenure status and ability delivery quality teaching. These variables were measured using faculty’s ability to delivery subject content, their accessibility, mentorship and extra-class communication to students. The typology of the research design was mixed-methods descriptive research design that allowed for collection of both qualitative and quantitative data. Findings from this study showed that a high number of students (64.5%, n=178) were able to differentiate between poor and good quality teaching, and an equally high number (64.8%, n = 178) makes an effort to attend classes that they deem lecturers to offer high quality teaching. Majority of the students (74%, n = 180) were able to distinguish between full-time faculty from part-time faculty. Students indicated that about 50% of the part-timers were either tutorial fellows or graduate assistants and they experienced a difference in performance between full-time and part-time faculty. 57.14% of the surveyed students indicated that full time lecturers cover syllabus and are better in content delivery compared to part time lecturers, however, 30.95% of the students indicated that they did not find any difference. While 61.90% of students indicated that full-time faculty are available for student’s mentorship, only 7.14% of students indicated that part time lecturers participate in student mentorship. Only 2.38% of the students indicated that part-time faculty are available for extra class communication. In conclusion, majority of the students in JKUAT in main campus 2015 understood quality teaching. They were also able to differentiate between part-time staff and full-time staff. Students found teaching by part-time staff to be of low quality. Part time staff were poor in mentorship and not accessible to offer student after class communication. Thus, the presence of inexperienced and freshly graduated part-time faculty is a matter to worry about in relationship with quality teaching. This study recommends that Universities must find ways to improve the low quality teaching offered by part-time faculty. The study should also be extended to other Universities perhaps using explanatory research designs to improve its ability to discriminate the null hypothesis.

A typology of board design for highly effective monitoring in intergovernmental organizations under the United Nations system

AbstractThe United Nations (UN) system comprises several intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) that were established to contribute to the functioning of the overall transnational system of delivering global public goods. However, many IGOs under the UN system are criticized for their failure to accomplish their mandates. Research argues that IGO boards serve as a governance mechanism that should be designed in order to effectively perform the monitoring function to ensure fulfillment of IGO mandates. Thus, using an inductive fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis, this study explores 13 IGO boards under the UN system to identify the board designs that are associated with highly effective monitoring. Our findings reveal a board design typology reflecting the interplay of the level of organizational complexity and the extent of the distribution problem in IGOs. This research contributes to our understanding of IGO governance by underscoring the relationship between board designs and highly effective monitoring to help researchers and practitioners improve IGO performance.

Multiple Chemical Sensitivity: Review of the State of the Art in Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Future Perspectives.

Objective:Systematic bibliography analysis of about the last 17 years on multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) was carried out in order to detect new diagnostic and epidemiological evidence. The MCS is a complex syndrome that manifests as a result of exposure to a low level of various common contaminants. The etiology, diagnosis, and treatment are still debated among researchers.Method:Querying PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane library, both using some specific MESH terms combined with MESH subheadings and through free search, even by Google.Results:The studies were analyzed by verifying 1) the typology of study design; 2) criteria for case definition; 3) presence of attendances in the emergency departments and hospital admissions, and 4) analysis of the risk factors.Outlook:With this review, we give some general considerations and hypothesis for possible future research.

Mitigation and adaptation in polycentric systems: sources of power in the pursuit of collective goals

Polycentric governance involves multiple actors at multiple scales beyond the state. The potential of polycentric governance for promoting both climate mitigation and adaptation is well established. Yet, dominant conceptualizations of polycentric governance pay scant attention to how power dynamics affect the structure and the outcomes of climate action. We review emerging evidence on power within polycentric and distributed governance across the climate, forestry, marine, coastal, urban, and water sectors, and relate them to established positions on power within research on federalism, decentralization, international relations, and networked governance. We develop a typology of design, pragmatic, and framing power that focuses on how and in whose interests power is mobilized to achieve outcomes. We propose that the conceptual model helps to explain power dynamics across different sectors and across both climate change mitigation and adaptation. Significant research challenges arising from the analysis include the measurement and monitoring of the outcomes of power asymmetries over time. WIREs Clim Change 2017, 8:e479. doi: 10.1002/wcc.479This article is categorized under: Policy and Governance > Multilevel and Transnational Climate Change Governance

PENGENDALIAN CACAT AKUSTIK GEDUNG SULTAN SURIANSYAH DITINJAU DARI ASPEK PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR

Acoustic factor in building is one of main factor in room design . this consist of listening and communication between room user. Special building like Opera House, Cinema, meeting room need a special treatment in sound positioning. A distorsion noise will created a bad sound for listener in a room. This conditions call a devective acousting (cacat akustik). For building with this problem need a redesign for a better sound. Redesign need to think for quality of building materials, typology of structure and design. Sultan Suriansyah building the biggest hall in Kalimantan selatan have a problem with this acoustic. This problem created because of unstable sound diffraction on floor, wall and top side of the building .

Toward a Northern Architecture: The Microrayon as Arctic Urban Prototype

During the twentieth century, two trajectories of urban development in the Arctic, Ralph Erskine's social and environmental project for a new town in Resolute, Canada, and the massive industrial city of Norilsk in the Soviet Union, converged on a set of ideas that define a unique typology of urban and architectural design in extreme northern climates. Best described as a microrayon—a Soviet planning concept that originated in the late 1950s—that has been adapted and transformed to accommodate environmental and social conditions in the extreme north, these two projects share many similarities despite their vastly different scales, and social, political, and economic contexts. Their evolution and development establishes an important precedent for urban design in extreme northern climates and future Arctic cities.

Redesigning the Traditional Food Kiosk Based on Local Knowledge, Case Study: Siwalankerto District

Siwalankerto Sub-District in Surabaya. Siwalankerto was developed rapidly, influenced by educational facilities development. This further created a demand for sustainable food markets/ food kiosk. On the other hand, the unregulated development of traditional food hawkers along the Siwalankerto road existed. Therefore, Architecture Program Study, Petra University proposed a redesigning strategy for the food kiosks in Siwalankerto Sub-district. The strategy not only would provide healthy-affordable foods for all Siwalankerto's residents, but also would generate income for residents with entrepreneurship and culinary skills.The literatures reviews on sustainable neighborhood, commercial provision, food production and inclusive design were conducted. Furthermore, observations and interviews were conducted to meatball-selling restaurant and food hawker. Secondly, the locational analysis was conducted to determine possible food kioks. Additionally, the participatory design was conducted based on inclusive design principles.The seven (7) food kiosk would be proposed for Siwalankerto. The designs would be developed from a typology of food kiosk design (3m-by-3m module). The food kiosk was designed considering the person with disability, such as: wheel chair users, crutch users and persons with vision disability. On the other hand, the layout were designed with proper kitchen and accessible toilet design. Lastly, the culture exploration could also enriched the functional design such as the food kiosk.

Torsional ultrasonic transducer computational design optimization

A torsional piezoelectric ultrasonic sensor design is proposed in this paper and computationally tested and optimized to measure shear stiffness properties of soft tissue. These are correlated with a number of pathologies like tumors, hepatic lesions and others. The reason is that, whereas compressibility is predominantly governed by the fluid phase of the tissue, the shear stiffness is dependent on the stroma micro-architecture, which is directly affected by those pathologies. However, diagnostic tools to quantify them are currently not well developed. The first contribution is a new typology of design adapted to quasifluids. A second contribution is the procedure for design optimization, for which an analytical estimate of the Robust Probability Of Detection, called RPOD, is presented for use as optimality criteria. The RPOD is formulated probabilistically to maximize the probability of detecting the least possible pathology while minimizing the effect of noise. The resulting optimal transducer has a resonance frequency of 28[kHz].

Architectural Design Principles and Processes for Sustainability: Towards a Typology of Sustainable Building Design

The shift towards sustainable buildings requires a transformation of the architectural design process. This paper examines how sustainability is embedded into design methodology and mapped onto, or has transformed, the design process in practise. Interviews with a sample of Scottish architectural and multi-disciplinary practices were undertaken to explore the common approaches and barriers to sustainable design. Case study methodology was also employed to consider exemplar buildings and the value of post-occupancy evaluation is discussed. Within the context of the global environmental perspective, UK and Scottish legislation, sustainable principles and blueprints, a process model is developed to provide a framework for discussion and review. The first creative step is given as an alignment of practice ethos with established architectural philosophies and principles, from across the sustainability spectrum, in order to move towards a typology of sustainable building design.

The Gin Drinker's Line

PurposeThis paper aims to provide an initial determination of the date of construction, locations and a typology of design of the pill‐boxes of the Gin Drinker's Line constructed by the colonial Hong Kong Government.Design/methodology/approachPost‐war aerial photos taken by the Royal Air Force and R.C. Huntings were examined and site visits made to locate and measure the pill‐boxes. Relevant archive materials were consulted to help interpret findings.FindingsA total of 76 pill‐boxes, most in ruins due to post‐war destruction for obtaining their steel bars, were mapped on a 1:25,000 scale to give a good idea of the nature of the Gin Drinker's Line. The study finds that, of these, 50 have survived. The pill‐boxes predated those built in the UK to anticipate of German landing.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper demonstrates how aerial photos can be used for historical research and conservation planning. Though the locations of the pill‐boxes identified are subject to detailed site surveying, the basic pattern of pill‐box distribution has been identified.Originality/valueThis is the first attempt to map the Gin Drinker's Line and classify its pill‐boxes. The findings are useful references for the actual conservation of colonial heritage in Hong Kong as part of China, as well as for further inquiry into the military history of the Second World War.

A Typology of Training Design and Work Environment Factors Affecting Workplace Learning and Transfer

The purpose of this article is to develop a typology of elements involved in the design of training as well as in the work environment that affect work-place learning and transfer. This typology focuses on elements that can be manipulated by the human resource development (HRD) researcher and practitioner as part of the HRD implementation rather than on dispositional and personality characteristics of individuals participating in the intervention. It identifies elements within the work environment, as well as elements before, during, and after training. By presenting a typology, this article provides a first step in theory building or a “theory of the middle range. ” Furthermore, it leads to implications for future theoretical development, research, and practice.