Typo-morphological Analysis Research Articles

The morphology of urban tourism space (case: Malioboro Main Street as cosmological Axis of Yogyakarta city, Indonesia)

Purpose This study aims to analyze the morphological landscape of the urban tourism spaces in the Malioboro Main Street area to predict its future development and to assist in creating effective regional planning policies. Design/methodology/approach This study uses qualitative grounded theory, typo morphological analysis and place-centered mapping techniques. Findings From the observation, it was found that each element of the city image area has different components of the urban tourism space’s morphology. The urban tourism spaces in Malioboro Main Street are distributed in a centered, linear and scattered pattern, with zones dedicated to shopping, cultural experiences and cuisine. The specific elements of each zone, such as attractions, accommodations or amenities, determine the type of tourism offered, such as cultural, shopping and culinary tourism. Research limitations/implications The study presented here may serve as a helpful guide for regulating and organizing policies that can form a sound basis for policy formulation. It mainly pertains to planning and structuring the Malioboro Main Street area, which currently needs a well-conceived urban tourism landscape development concept. Practical implications This study will have practical implications in projecting tourism development in the area through planning and structuring. The study can also be used as a basis and guideline for controlling, organizing and determining regulations and policies, ultimately serving as a wise foundation for policy formulation, particularly in planning and structuring the Cosmological Axis area, especially the Malioboro area. Originality/value The discussion of morphology is mainly limited to macro or micro scales, while the discussion of tourism space is generally limited to conceptual development. Conversely, this study aims to explore the unique landscape morphology of the Malioboro Main Street area, which serves as evidence of a productive space for urban tourism by typomorphological analysis through the approach of urban landscape elements, tourism elements and its activities. Thus, it may complement previous studies in urban areas dominated by tourism.

Typo-Morphological Approaches for Maintaining the Sustainability of Local Traditional Culture: A Case Study of the Damazhan and Xiaomazhan Historical Area in Guangzhou

This paper studies the spatial forms and cultural sustainability of the Damazhan and Xiaomazhan historical area, the only area that reflects the development of the assembled-clan hall culture in Guangzhou. In the face of modernization and reconstruction, traditional culture plays an increasingly crucial role in modern cities, determining the expression of architectural uniqueness and continuous development that adapts to social needs. Therefore, preserving cultural characteristics is more relevant than ever. This study combines historical literature research with typo-morphological analysis to establish analytical strategies that link cultural sustainability with spatial evolution from the perspective of sustainable development. The analytical framework consists of three parts: First of all, through historical literature research, a thorough analysis is conducted on the cultural and social influencing factors from the Dynasties of Song, Yuan, Ming, Qing and the Republic of China to the reform and opening up period. Secondly, feature elements of the location are extracted, and a typo-morphological approach is used to analyze the sustained changes in spatial forms. Finally, the relationship between changes in block form and building types and the inheritance and development of traditional culture are demonstrated. The analytical results indicate that the continuity of cultural characteristics is embodied in the continuity of the block and architectural spatial characteristics, while cultural transformation and man-made social factors affect the changes in spatial forms. This paper combines the perspective of cultural sustainability analysis with the traditional typo-morphological approaches of urban spatial analysis, supplementing the existing typo-morphological methodology. In addition, guiding the development of urban morphology from the perspective of cultural sustainability is of prominent practical significance.

Effect of typo-morphological analysis and place understanding on the nature of intervention within historic settings: the case of Amman, Jordan

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of different levels of place understanding (primarily typo-morphological analysis) on the nature of interventions within historic urban setting and buildings within the City of Amman.Design/methodology/approachThe research methodology depended on an extensive thematic survey and analysis. The typo-morphological analysis addressed several of Amman's residential hills and their connections with the downtown area. The thematic place survey tool included different units of analysis (e.g. buildings, public spaces, streets and sloped lands between streets) and addressed the values of these various buildings and spaces, their typology, typo-morphology and relation to the urban context, nature of change and transformations over time to mention a few. The extensive survey also included semi-structured interviews about these buildings addressing their emergence, historic context and values.FindingsThe paper presents an architectural typology for Amman's architecture and its relationship with the city's morphology stressing the specificity of Amman's historic core and residential hills. The paper also discusses the effect of this level of place understanding on the nature and levels of interventions within historic settings and buildings.Research limitations/implicationsThis level of place understanding (typo-morphological analysis) can have a positive impact on the practice of architectural and urban conservation by informing the nature of interventions within historic urban setting and buildings within the city. More specifically, this level of place understanding can, first, inform the development of urban and heritage guidelines within conservation areas in one of Amman's residential neighborhoods (Weibdeh) and, second, inform the nature of interventions to existing historic buildings based on respect of building typology.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the disciplines of architectural and urban conservation illustrating how place understanding can inform practices of heritage conservation and future policies and strategies concerning new intervention within such heritage places.

Spatiality of the urban commons: Typo-morphology of the open common spaces in New Belgrade mass housing blocks

The article examines the existing infrastructure of open common spaces within two New Belgrade mass housing blocks (Blocks 23 and 70a) through a typo-morphological analysis. These spaces between the buildings, although the most neglected, underused, and deteriorated components of mass housing neighbourhoods, are at the same time crucial to the quality, vitality and integrated governance of these neighbourhoods. They represent the primary tangible commons in cities and neighbourhoods. The question of urban commons is increasingly present in scientific literature, urban and architectural discourse. Nevertheless, approaches exploring the spatiality of the urban commons are scarce, leading to insufficient understanding of the spatial aspect and potentials of the already existing commons. Therefore, this study includes (1) identification, typological decoding and classification of the common spaces, focusing on the case of New Belgrade blocks, followed by (2) analysis of the spatial patterns and integration of the identified spaces within the blocks. The study confirms the complexity and diverse typology of the common spaces. It finds that the in-between, common spaces contribute to higher integration of different segments of the blocks. The open common spaces have an essential role in humanisation of the blocks, and thus the quality of life in the blocks as integrated neighbourhoods. The findings indicate that the spatial setting of the open common spaces in New Belgrade blocks allows for (re)emergence of collective practices, leading to inclusive and integrated rehabilitation of the neighbourhoods.

The reflection of Newman's defensible space theory on Turkey's neighbourhoods: typomorphological analysis of safe-space within an analytical framework

PurposeThe research intends to investigate the different typological and morphological characteristics of the neighbourhood spaces produced by different urban dynamics since the late nineteenth century in Turkey.Design/methodology/approachThe main problem that drives the research is that a significant increase in the construction of gated communities has started to be seen in the last five years as a solution to safety issues in Turkey. However, these gated communities as safe-spaces have resulted in the danger of destroying neighbourhood life's physical and social dynamics by changing their spatial configuration. The study offers an analytical framework structured from defensible space theory and other safe-space theories in the literature. It has analysed the effect of physical characteristics of urban fabric on the production of safe-space in neighbourhoods through mappings and site observations. The case studies are conducted in three different morphological periods in Turkey, which are the Seyrancik neighbourhood in Bolu (the Ottoman Period), the Subayevleri neighbourhood in Ankara (the Republican Period) and the Karaman neighbourhood in Sakarya (the Liberalisation Period).FindingsThe analysis concludes that any type does not come to the fore in the production of defensible space in terms of its spatial features, but each has various strengths and weaknesses. As a result, this study emphasises the role of design in providing defensible neighbourhoods in the case of Turkey's cities and reveals the aspects that will guide the design of an urban and housing form in terms of the safety–environment relationship in Turkey.Originality/valueThe significance of the study is the comparative analytical approach to studying the housing development and demonstrates a method for analysing safety issues in the transformation process of neighbourhood structures in Turkey.

Urban Industries and the Production of Urban Form

The proposed paper aspires to provide a typomorphological analysis of patrimony of industrial activity in the urban fabric of a productive hotspot of the Brussels Capital Region. The research fits within a larger PhD-track on the sustainable retrofit of such productive activities in this region.
 Due to zoning policies and increasing real estate pressure on urban land, a major part of the space-extensive productive activities has disappeared from Brussels’ urban areas, taking jobs and artisanal knowledge towards monotonous enclaves in the outskirts. Whereas European cities were rich in productive activities, they now mostly host consumption. This is problematic. Urbanists, architects and policy makers plead for the inversion of this process by reintegrating industrial enterprises in the urban fabric.
 Despite the observed shrinkage in the amount of active urban industries, a GIS informed hotspot analysis revealed a concentration in the Jette-Koekelberg area. The presented work therefore provides a typomorphological study of the patrimony of these remaining structures. In this light, the analysis is performed at different scales in order to bridge between the urban form and the architectural type. The studied area is therefore decomposed into the analysis of its urban fragments, building blocks and parcels.
 Informed by the logical classification of these productive urban artefacts at different scales, this paper aspires to obtain insights on their typomorphological setup. Deploying this approach which is mainly focused on the residential use, to a mixed-use area, unveils strongholds and alterations on basic types in the urban fabric. In doing so, this investigation attempts to inform the ongoing planning debate on productive cities and mixed-use development by looking specifically at the existing built environment: urban form and building types. Despite the large interest in productive cities, this has not yet been treated systematically.

Defining public open spaces: an investigation framework to inform planning and design decision-making processes

ABSTRACT Typomorphological analysis has been used to study building types, but it is seldom applied to open spaces. This paper argues that the same systematic and rigorous approach can be applied to define public open spaces. It explores the potential of the application of a systematic analysis of types and forms to define urban landscapes. Drawing on existing literature, this paper identifies specific attributes related to urban landscape elements including formal and spatial aspects. This paper highlights the potential of open space networks to respond to the contemporary challenges facing urban designers working to create better places to live in. This paper contributes to the field of design research through the development of a method of survey and analysis to inform design decision-making processes. Its significance lies in proposing a comprehensive framework to contribute to a more detailed definition of urban landscape character and inform the development of sustainable urban strategies.

Understanding passengers’ fear of crime at train stations through neighbourhood types: a typological study of the Copenhagen metropolitan area

ABSTRACT This paper presents a typomorphological analysis of train station neighbourhoods to examine passengers’ fear of crime at the station in relation to the surrounding urban form. The study defines station neighbourhood types in the Copenhagen Metropolitan area within the pedestrian catchment area, an 800 m (1/2 mile) radius around the 84 S-train stations. The types are defined through a typomorphological analysis based on urban parameters related to Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) and Placemaking. The types are compared with 9 years of passenger surveys of fear of crime at these stations. The analysis establishes three dominant station neighbourhood types and demonstrates the relationship between them and passengers’ fear of crime at the stations. The research underlines the importance of the surrounding urban environment in the design and governance of train stations, and proposes a typomorphological method to identify potentials in regional planning and in upgrade of transit-oriented developments.

COVID-19 Challenge, Information Technologies, and Smart Cities: Considerations for Well-Being.

Coronavirus (COVID-19) raises an essential debate about implementing the ideas and insights of smart technology in the fields of urban planning and design. This commentary sheds light on considerations and challenges in the area of knowledge in these fields as consequences of the recent pandemic. The concluded remarks cover issues with a specific focus on accelerating the digital transformation in education and a typo-morphological analysis that ends with revisiting the norms and standards of social distancing. Besides, this commentary recommends research directions to follow after the pandemic recedes, tackling the multidisciplinarity between fields of specialisation.

Urban industries and the production of space: a typomorphological analysis of the mixed urban fabric around the historical national road Jetsesteenweg in Brussels, Belgium

From the second half of the twentieth century, industries have moved from locations in urban areas to the monofunctional fringe due to zoning policies and rising real estate prices. More recently, high unemployment rates, lengthy commuting journeys and economic dependability have reoriented the urban planning agenda towards the qualitative retrofit of small-scale production in vital inner-city areas. However, this reveals that designers seem to have ‘forgotten’ how to spatially integrate industries in the city. As large industrial sites have remained in the mixed urban fabric of Brussels, it serves as a useful research object to explore this knowledge gap. This paper aims to retrace the role played by small-scale industries in the morphogenetic and typomorphological development of the city’s historically-important national roads. Hence, historical reconstruction and functional mapping are combined to unravel types of the industrial mix at different scales and through time. Through process typological analyses of the city’s mixed urban fabric, this research explores what can be learned from the logics underlying the path-dependency of urban industries.

Typo- Morphological Analysis as a Method for Physical Revitalization: The Case of Famagusta’s Residential District

Spatial configuration of residential districts of several cities due to changes in social structure and subsequently social needs, become incompatible with the new lifestyle. Subsequently these districts became abounded due to its function or redevelop in order to satisfying the needs. In case of being abounded, the building fall into not only functional but also physical deterioration and in case of redevelopment in most cases the entire district lose its characteristic. Professional practices on revitalizing these districts significantly needs an integrated approach for typo- morphological analysis as a diagnostic tool to interpret the evolutionary process of physical changes. This research aims to analyse a declined residential area in city of Famagusta city based on typo- morphological approaches on Conzen who is the pioneer of English morphological analysis and Caniggia who is the pioneer of Italian typo-morphological analysis in urban context. This area faced with both decline and in some part inappropriate development, which influenced the transformation of urban fabric and eventually lead to fragmented urban landscape. Accordingly, this research firstly, tries to highlight the importance of typo-morphological analysis in these particular areas. In addition, attempts to represent the methods of interpretation based on typo-morphological analysis.

Análise tipo-morfológica aplicada a cidade nova planejada

A Escola Italiana de Morfologia Urbana trata de conceitos e método desenvolvidos a partir de estudos realizados inicialmente em cidades históricas, caracterizadas por ocupações orgânicas e espontâneas. Questiona-se se a análise tipo-morfológica, vertente dedicada a compreender a forma urbana por meio da interpretação do processo transformativo evidenciado na arquitetura, seria eficiente na leitura e compreensão da forma urbana de cidades novas planejadas, conformadas a partir de um plano que antecede sua ocupação. Para respondê-lo, utilizou-se como estudo de caso Maringá-PR, cidade nova planejada e implantada na década de 1940. Com o método italiano foi possível delinear o processo detalhado das transformações e permanências evidenciadas ao longo de suas ocupações, e compreender a sua forma urbana. Esta pesquisa demonstra que a análise tipo-morfológica é eficiente mesmo em casos onde as edificações são implantadas em um traçado urbano previamente instituído, ampliando a escala de abrangência do método italiano e contribuindo para um melhor entendimento das características morfológicas e do desenvolvimento de cidades novas planejadas.

Impact of Rapid Urbanization on Urban Morphology of Costal CitiesThe Case of Alanya City

Rapid urbanization comes after push and pull factors of urbanization. These factors are considered as employment, greater opportunities and better facilities. It consequently brings high demand on built facilities which consequently bring several problems comprising reduction of forest and agricultural lands, lack of transportation and infrastructure, and mental health issues. In addition rapid urbanization has often led to unplanned urbanization and unconscious decisions of urban planners. These kinds of development is facing with dramatic changes on urban morphology. This study through typomorphological analysis tries to find out the outcomes of rapid urbanization in coastal city of Alanya. Also the study tries to provide an opportunity for its planned transformation for the future development.

도시 맵핑 요소 및 기법 분석 : 유형형태(Typomorphology) 분석 방법을 통한 도시 맵핑 분석

도시 맵핑 요소 및 기법 분석 : 유형형태(Typomorphology) 분석 방법을 통한 도시 맵핑 분석

Urban Morphology of Commercial Port Cities and Shophouses in Southeast Asia

Southeast Asia has been situated on the crossroads of maritime trading routes for centuries, and has been the hub of overseas trade and cultural exchange throughout recorded history. Southeast Asian civilizations and the lifestyles of Southeast Asian peoples have been influenced by trade, and the evolutionary process of urban morphology and building typology of its commercial port cities are testimony to this. This paper is a study of Southeast Asian port cities and their most predominant traditional dwellings – shophouses – that are subject to a typo-morphological analysis. The study is an examination of these trends at both a macro-urban level and a micro-building level – the development of cities, and the characteristics of shophouses, respectively. The morphological evolution of Southeast Asian port cities is described in chronological order. By selecting two cities – Malacca, and Penang –as case studies, both the specific driving factors of urban evolution and the cultural continuity that is reflected in this process are discussed. Shophouses in Southeast Asian port cities are classified into several types, including serial, partitioned, and combined types. Some sustainable strategies which are used to satisfy people's changing requirement are expounded in each type. It is shown in the study that Southeast Asian port cities have gone through the transition process from closed to open, from single to diverse and from traditional to modern.

The Residential Subdivision under the Influence of the Unfinished Densification (Case Study for Subdivisions in Setif, Algeria)

Today, it is necessary to be thrifty for its planet, on one hand the space being a rare, non-renewable resource, and on the other hand the ecological, economic and social cost of the urban sprawl. It is commonly asserted that the promotion of a more compact and dense city has a positive effect in terms of public costs of investment, functioning and costs for the citizens and the users of the city. It is clear that the modes of urban development management have to evolve profoundly, in particular towards a densification favorable to the raising of the urban quality through an ideal urban density on the scale of the individual housing estate. The lot as an individual housing estate was adopted as an alternative development model to the collective housing, thought in an anthropocentric perspective to emerge as a quality model where the density plays an important role, by being included in operations of a global coherence, in an optimal organization without forgetting the main importance of the deadlines of construction and the finalization of the works. The image of eternal construction site inflicted to our cities explains the renewed interest for the application of the regulatory framework and the completion of these limited operations without global coherence, which are summed up in our case to a ground cut in plots of land, sold then built independently without being finished, and support the relevance of the essential question of the improvement of the outside aspect bound to the appearance which can be revealed as a so important factor for a better use and a better acceptance of its housing environment, that the ratio of a number of houses on a plot of land or the number of square meters by house. To demonstrate the impact of the completion degree of the subdivision dwellings, roads system and urban public utilities on the density or the densification and therefore on the urban quality, we studied two residential subdivisions, the private subdivision Sellam and the subdivision El Imane with a common situation, and a different land surface, density and cutting, being occupied by various social classes, with different needs and different household average size. The approach of this work is based on the typo morphological analysis to reveal the differences in the degrees of completions of the subdivision’s built environment and on the investigation, by a household’s survey, to demonstrate importance of the degree of completion and to reveal the conditions of qualitative densification favorable and convenient to a better subdivision’s appropriation. Keywords: Subdivision, Degree of completion, Densification, Urban Quality.

Landscape and Design Guidance: Saint Gervais-les-Bains, a Case-study

Landscape issues are often ignored or treated superficially in current design guidance. This paper illustrates how this might be addressed and become part of contemporary planning practice by means of the case-study of Saint Gervais-les-Bains in the Alps in France. This area of exceptional scenery suffers from the pressure of tourism and unsightly developments, which deface the landscape. The paper explains how specific landscape elements can be identified through a survey of the built environment, based on a typomorphological analysis, and how these findings might be integrated into design guidance to protect local distinctiveness.