Typical Strategy Research Articles

Identification of the NAC Family and a Functional Analysis of NoNAC36a Under Flooding Stress in Watercress (Nasturtium officinale R.Br.)

Watercress (Nasturtium officinale R.Br.) is a cruciferous aquatic vegetable that possesses significant nutritional value. The NAC family is a transcription factor family specific to plants that play an important role in regulating plant responses to abiotic stress. In order to investigate the response of NAC genes to flooding stress in watercress, we conducted a study on the NoNAC family. In this study, a total of 119 NoNAC genes were obtained through genome-wide identification. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the NoNAC family members can be categorized into ten subgroups. The results of gene structure analysis revealed that each branch within the subgroups exhibited similar motif composition and gene structure. The heatmap analysis showed that several NoNAC genes demonstrated tissue-specific expression patterns, suggesting their potential as regulators of associated tissue development. As an aquatic plant, watercress serves as a valuable material for investigating plant resistance to flooding stress. This study found that flooding can significantly increase the watercress plant height, which is a typical escape strategy under flooding. The analysis of the expression of NoNAC genes in the stem transcriptome after flooding indicated that only NoNAC36a consistently exhibited significant differential changes and down-regulated expression at the three time points of flooding treatment. This suggests that NoNAC36a may be involved in regulating watercress plant height increases under flooding stress. The utilization of a virus-induced gene silencing assay to investigate the biological function of NoNAC36a revealed that NoNAC36a silencing caused cell elongation and expansion, thus increasing watercress plant height. The yeast one-hybrid and dual luciferase assays demonstrated that NoNAC36a binds the promoter of NoXTH33 and inhibits its expression. Subsequently, the results of yeast two-hybrid, luciferase complementary, and pull-down assays revealed the interaction between NoMOB1A and NoNAC36a in vivo and in vitro. Sequence alignment indicated that NoMOB1A and AtMOB1A share an identical amino acid sequence. RT-qPCR analysis indicated that flooding prompted the expression of NoMOB1A in stems. Thus, it is speculated that NoMOB1A may exhibit functions similar to AtMOB1A and that the up-regulation of NoMOB1A expression in stems may facilitate an increase in plant height under flooding. In summary, the NoNAC family was analyzed, and revealed a regulatory network centered on NoNAC36a that facilitates watercress resistance to flooding stress. This study enhanced the understanding of the NoNAC genes and established a theoretical foundation for investigating plant flooding tolerance.

High thermolectric properties of disordered Ge0.8-ySn0.2MnyTe semiconductor

For layered GeTe-based materials, the typical strategy to reduce the thermal conductivity of the crystal lattice is to introduce atomic disorder, increase the lattice non-harmonicity, and maximize the fluctuations of the quality/stress field in the sample. Since Sn/Mn can easily form solid solutions in the GeTe matrix, the degree of disorder in the sample is much higher than the level reported in IV-VI alloys in the past, which leads to a strong phonon scattering and a sharp decrease in the lattice thermal conductivity over the entire temperature range. In addition, Mn plays a significant role in changing the valence band structure of GeTe, i.e., Mn doping enhances the convergence of the light valence band and the heavy valence band and the change of the bandgap, significantly increasing the Seebeck coefficient of the GeTe matrix, resulting in a significant improvement in the thermoelectric performance of the Sn/Mn co-doped synthesized GeTe-based materials. Finally, we found that treating the sample with layered disorder is an effective method to improve the thermoelectric performance, and this study has certain reference value for the development of novel toxic-free, high-performance thermoelectric materials.

TRANSLATION OPERATIONS OF RENDERING RELIGIOUS REALIA IN HUNGARIAN TRANSLATIONS OF DOSTOEVSKY’S CRIME AND PUNISHMENT

This article considers the strategies for rendering the realia into the target language in translation. In translation theory, realia are phrases and expressions that are closely linked to a particular national culture and have no equivalent in the target language. In this paper, I examine the translation operations used to render religious realia in three Hungarian translations of Dostoevsky’s Crime and Punishment. After the review of the possible interpretations of the concept realia, I present the source works used for the analysis, and the translators as well. In another chapter, I describe the translation operations used to render religious realia. As a result of the study, it can be concluded that domestication is the typical strategy of translation realia in the three Hungarian translations.

Non-diversified portfolios with subjective expected utility

Diversification is the typical investment strategy of risk-averse agents. However, non-diversified positions that allocate all resources to a single asset, state of the world or revenue stream are common too. We show that whenever finitely many non-diversified demands under uncertainty are compatible with risk-averse subjective expected utility maximization under strictly positive beliefs, they are also rationalizable under the same beliefs by many qualitatively distinct risk-averse as well as risk-neutral and risk-seeking preferences.

Thieno[3,2-b]thiophene for the Construction of Far-Red Molecular Rotor Hemicyanines as High-Affinity DNA Aptamer Fluorogenic Reporters.

The construction of far-red fluorescent molecular rotors (FMRs) is an imperative task for developing nucleic acid stains that have superior compatibility with cellular systems and complex matrices. A typical strategy relies on the methine extension of asymmetric cyanines, which unfortunately fails to produce sensitive rotor character. To break free from this paradigm, we have synthesized far-red hemicyanines using a dimethylamino thieno[3,2-b]thiophene donor. The resultant probes, designated as ATh2Ind and ATh2Btz, possess excitation maxima (λmax) of >600 nm and have been rigorously characterized by NMR, electrochemistry, and computational methods. The dyes possess alternating charge patterns like indodicarbocyanine (Cy5), but with twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) rotational barriers at 60°, akin to the classical FMR thiazole orange (TO1). ATh2Btz also displays cyanine characteristics, enhancing its response upon binding to nucleic acids and allowing for efficient staining of cellular nuclei. When binding to the DNA aptamer for quinine (MN4), ATh2Btz exhibits a Kd of 17 nM, a 660-fold light-up response, brightness (Φfl x εmax) of ∼37,000 M-1cm-1, and λex/λem of 655/677 nm. The resulting far-red DNA-based MN4-ATh2Btz platform has been termed "pomegranate."

Strategies for sustainable development of offshore wind power in regions with limited resources

Offshore wind power, as a renewable energy source, possesses significant potential in the process of decarbonizing the energy system. Despite the current lack of economic competitiveness compared to other renewable energy sources, offshore wind power development has not received due attention. Nonetheless, it holds significant potential for future growth given the dual pressures of increasing power demand and carbon reduction. Consequently, a bottom-up energy system planning model is developed to consider the simultaneous transition of supply and demand sides, focusing on offshore wind power development and integration in Hebei, China, a region with limited resources. The analysis indicates that by 2060, Hebei could potentially install up to 20 GW of offshore wind power capacity, with the Tangshan area identified as a suitable location for wind power integration. In current policy background, which is considered more aggressive, the annual cost across the entire system is projected to increase by 7 %. Offshore wind power is deemed particularly suitable for hydrogen production to mitigate seasonal fluctuations, contingent upon synchronized energy transition on the demand side and corresponding hydrogen demand. A typical operational strategy involves hydrogen production from offshore wind power during winter and spring, with storage or utilization during summer and autumn.

Late Talkers can generalise trained labels by object shape similarities, but not unfamiliar labels.

Late talkers (LTs) exhibit delayed vocabulary development, which might stem from a lack of a typical word learning strategy to generalise object labels by shape, called the 'shape bias'. We investigated whether LTs can acquire a shape bias and whether this accelerates vocabulary learning. Fourteen LTs were randomly allocated to either a shape training group (Mage = 2.76 years, 6 males), which was taught that objects similar in shape have the same name, or a control group (Mage = 2.61 years, 4 males), which was taught real words without any focus on object shape. After seven training sessions, children in the shape training group generalised trained labels by shape (d = 1.28), but not unfamiliar labels. Children in the control group extended all labels randomly. Training did not affect expressive vocabulary.

An optimal configuration strategy of multi-chiller system based on overlap analysis and improved GA

For design of the multi-chiller system, the configuration can be optimized that the system is high efficiency when it is operated under frequent load and operation condition in one year. Base on this idea, the paper presents a novel strategy of optimal configuration of multi-chiller system. The high hour-density range of annual load distribution and the high-efficiency region of combination of chillers are presented respectively, and their obtaining methods are developed. The overlap index is defined to evaluate the overlap between the high-efficiency region and high hour-density range, and it is maximized for the proposed optimal configuration strategy. GA is improved and employed for optimization. The proposed optimal configuration strategy is validated in a real multi-chiller system. The results show that the optimal configuration configured by the proposed strategy can improve annual Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER) about 5 % comparing with the original configuration of the real system. The configurations using equivalent strategy and typical non-equivalent strategy are compared, and the results show that both of hourly COP and annual EER of the configuration of the proposed strategy are better than them. 50 random configurations enumerated from chiller candidates are also compared. The results show that the overlap index is strongly correlated to annual EER, and it can be taken as optimization object for optimal configuration. Improved GA is compared with original GA, and the results show that of computation time cost can be reduced more than 60 % by use of Improved GA. The validation results show that the proposed strategy can obtain the optimal configuration of multi-chiller system directly from chiller candidates.

Construction of sulfur-chloride co-doped triazine/heptazine homojunction carbon nitride photocatalyst for simultaneous production of H2O2 and lignin C-C bond cleavage

Photocatalytic H2O2 production and cleavage of lignin C-C bonds is a typical strategy that follows sustainable development. Unfortunately, the photocatalytic efficiency of these two reactions still faces significant challenges. Herein, a carbon nitride photocatalyst (tri/hep-CN) with sulfur-chloride co-doped triazine and heptazine structures was synthesized. It was simultaneously used for photocatalytic H2O2 production and lignin C-C bond cleavage. In the air atmosphere, the yield of H2O2 reached 1171.9 μmol•g−1•h−1 after the addition of β-1 lignin model 1,2-diphenylethanol (Dpol) to the solvent. The yield of H2O2 increased by 20 times compared with no addition of Dpol. The lignin C-C bond in Dpol is also efficiently broken, producing benzaldehyde and benzyl alcohol. tri/hep-CN has excellent photogenerated carrier separation efficiency and positive valence potential, which improves the photocatalytic H2O2 production and lignin C-C bond cleavage performance. Notably, coupling photocatalytic H2O2 production with lignin C-C bond cleavage to fully use photogenerated electrons and holes is also very important to obtain outstanding photocatalytic performance. Mechanistic studies have shown that photocatalytic H2O2 production follows an indirect reaction mechanism. Meanwhile, the cleavage of lignin C-C bond follows the Cβ radical mechanism and the single electron transfer mechanism. This work is very instructive for simultaneous photocatalytic H2O2 production and lignin C-C bond cleavage studies.

Single-Atom Catalysts in Conductive Metal-Organic Frameworks: Enabling Reversible Gas Sensing at Room Temperature.

Conductive metal-organic frameworks (cMOFs) offer high porosity and electrical conductivity simultaneously, making them ideal for application in chemiresistive sensors. Recently, incorporating foreign elements such as catalytic nanoparticles into cMOFs has become a typical strategy to enhance their sensing properties. However, this approach has led to critical challenges, such as pore blockage that impedes gas diffusion, as well as limited improvement in reversibility. Herein, single-atom catalyst (SAC)-functionalized cMOF is presented as a robust solution to the current limitations. Facile functionalization of SACs in a cMOF can be achieved through electrochemical deposition of metal precursors. As a proof of concept, a Pd SAC-functionalized cMOF is synthesized. The Pd SACs are stabilized at the interplanar sites of cMOF with Pd-N4 coordination while preserving the porosity of the MOF matrix. Notably, the microenvironment created by Pd SACs prevents irreversible structural distortion of cMOFs and facilitates a reversible charge transfer with NO2. Consequently, the cMOF exhibits a fully recoverable NO2 response, which was not previously attainable with the nanoparticle functionalization. Additionally, with the combination of preserved porosity for gas diffusion, it demonstrates the fastest level of response and recovery speed compared to other 2D-cMOFs of this class.

Surface active sites and interphase engineering into metal oxide hydrates enabled by ions substitution for efficient water splitting

The expanding requirement of energy-effective and cost-efficient water electrolysis has prompted studies of earth-abundant metal-based electrocatalysts. In this study, we study the typical substitution strategies of cation (Pt) or anion (Se) for modifying surface active sites or interphase engineering to tune electronic structure of bimetallic nickel molybdenum oxide hydrates (NiMoO4·xH2O), thus effectively improving catalytic properties toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) or oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Result of the cation substitution achieves PtSA–NiMoO4·xH2O catalyst with abundant doped Pt single atoms on surface, which promotes high HER activity with a small overpotential of 73 mV at a current yield of 10 mA cm−2 in alkaline medium. Meanwhile, Se–NiMoO4·xH2O catalyst, an outcome of the anion substitution approach, has unique interfaces of NiSe-NiMoO4 heterostructure and thus exhibits a desired overpotential of only 297 mV for OER. The combination of PtSA–NiMoO4·xH2O(–)//Se–NiMoO4·xH2O(+) couple results in a two-electrode electrolyzer cell, which requires a small cell voltage of 1.48, 1.54 and 1.59 V to deliver a response of 10 mA·cm−2 at 75, 50 and 25 °C, respectively, along with negligible performance decay during 50 h operation. These results highlight the potential of our catalyst engineering strategies to achieve high-performance green hydrogen production.

Effects of water temperature on growth, health and digestive processes of the thicklip grey mullet Chelon labrosus

This study aimed to identify the effects of water temperature on the rearing of the omnivorous teleost Chelon labrosus and to determine the optimal temperature for the culture of this interesting candidate for the diversification of European aquaculture. The fish (initial weight 26.81 ± 6.2 g) were held at four water temperatures (18, 22, 26 and 30 °C) in triplicate for 90 days in 100 L recirculating tanks (n = 14 / tank). The effects of said temperatures were assessed on growth, intestinal health and the digestive processes of the fish. At 18 °C, energy consumption was low, leading to a high accumulation of reserves and slow growth, a typical overwintering strategy. The best growth results were obtained at 22 °C, followed closely by 26 °C, which resulted in low energy reserves. The fact that the fish at 26 °C grew less than the ones at 22 °C while having similar energy consumption, suggested that this temperature was close to the end of the optimal range, but no signs of stress were detected. However, at 30 °C the fish had lower energy reserves but grew significantly less, which can be considered indicative of stress. Health impairment at this temperature was confirmed by the epithelial lesions found in this group. The growth and energy availability of the different groups is discussed in the light of the activities of α-amylase, pepsin and alkaline proteases. As an integration of all these results, a quadratic regression model resulting from growth values (SGR) in relation to water temperature was performed, and it allowed predicting an actual optimal water temperature of 22.8 °C for growth of C. labrosus. This is the first assessment of the optimal water temperature for the culture of C. labrosus, and it will be highly valuable for the development of its intensive culture.

MOF-5 anchored polymer@carbon core–shell nanofibers for efficient removal of chlortetracycline from aqueous solution

Antibiotics excreted by human or animal may contain un-degradable residues, which form high concentration accumulation in water, leading to seriously harmful effects on the environment. Herein, MOF-5 anchored polymer@carbon core–shell nanofibers (MAPC) are fabricated via the electrospinning-hydrothermal synthesis and used for high efficiency removing chlortetracycline (CTC) from water. The anchored MOF-5 enhances the adsorption ability of hydrothermal carbon core–shell nanofibers. The MAPC nanofibers exhibit 395.87 mg/g of adsorption capacity for CTC removal process, which well fitted with Freundlich isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model. After nanofiber membrane filtering, the removal efficiency of CTC is nearly 100 % at the concentration of 5 mg/L. And the chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration of CTC is reduced from 156.72 mg/L to 50.39 mg/L, that is below the pharmaceutical wastewater discharge standard. In addition, MAPC exhibits high flux and good regeneration performance. This work gives a typical strategy of feasible preparation of high efficiency MOFs anchored carbon-based nanofiber adsorbent towards the pharmaceutical wastewater treatment.

A multi-period restoration approach for resilience increase of active distribution networks by considering fault rapid recovery and component repair

As the frequency of extreme weather events continues to rise, there is an urgent need to strengthen the safe and stable operation of active distribution networks (ADNs), and it is of great value to establish highly resilient ADNs to withstand multi-faults caused by extreme weather events. This paper proposes a multi-period restoration approach for the resilience increase of ADNs by considering fault rapid recovery and component repair under typhoon disasters. Firstly, based on the structural reliability theory, the failure rate model of the main components is established, and in light of the system information entropy, the typical fault scenario selection strategy is designed to determine the branches with high fault probability. Then, according to the fault islanding division and network reconfiguration, a fault rapid recovery method is suggested for the ADNs, where the impact of typhoon disasters on the output features of distributed generators (DGs) are taken into account, and meanwhile, the network structure and the output power of the DGs are jointly optimized to minimize the operating cost of the ADNs. Further, a fault component repair model is formulated by adopting the adaptive ant colony algorithm, and a multi-period restoration approach is proposed for the ADNs to fulfill a rolling optimization of the network reconfiguration and fault component repair. The improved IEEE 33-node and IEEE 118-node systems are used for the approach verification, and the results show that the proposed approach can effectively improve the overall load restoration level and increase the component repair efficiency. Following a multi-criteria resilience evaluation system, the proposed approach enables the ADNs to more effectively withstand typhoon disasters, offering a resilience increase of 6.93 % and 32.24 % regarding the 33-node and 118-node systems.

Forecasting of coronavirus active cases by utilizing logistic growth model and fuzzy time series techniques

Coronavirus has long been considered a global epidemic. It caused the deaths of nearly 7.01 million individuals and caused an economic downturn. The number of verified coronavirus cases is increasing daily, putting the whole human race at danger and putting strain on medical experts to eradicate the disease as rapidly as possible. As a consequence, it is vital to predict the upcoming coronavirus positive patients in order to plan actions in the future. Furthermore, it has been discovered all across the globe that asymptomatic coronavirus patients play a significant part in the disease’s transmission. This prompted us to incorporate similar examples in order to accurately forecast trends. A typical strategy for analysing the rate of pandemic infection is to use time-series forecasting technique. This would assist us in developing better decision support systems. To anticipate COVID-19 active cases for a few countries, we recommended a hybrid model utilizing a fuzzy time series (FTS) model mixed with a non-linear growth model. The coronavirus positive case outbreak has been evaluated for Italy, Brazil, India, Germany, Pakistan, and Myanmar through June 5, 2020 in phase-1, and January 15, 2022 in phase-2, and forecasts active cases for the next 26 and 14 days respectively. The proposed framework fitting effect outperforms individual logistic growth and the fuzzy time series techniques, with R-scores of 0.9992 in phase-1 and 0.9784 in phase-2. The proposed model provided in this article may be utilised to comprehend a country’s epidemic pattern and assist the government in developing better effective interventions.

Stochastic resetting can optimize the intermittent search strategy in a two-dimensional confined topography

Based on the intermittent two-state random walk model, by calculating and discussing the mean first capture time, the search efficiency of the intermittent search strategy in a two-dimensional confined topography in the absence and presence of stochastic resetting is studied. Results reveal that for the close target, the regular Brownian motion is the efficient search strategy, whereas, for the target far from the starting point, the typical intermittent search strategy with relocation times being power-law distributed turns out to be the advantageous one, and the search efficiency impressively enhances with the distance of the target from the starting point increasing. We demonstrate that though in the absence of stochastic resetting there does not exist a universal optimal search strategy in the confined topography, the introduction of stochastic resetting makes the Brownian motion surprisingly to be the universal optimal search process, and distinctly outperforms the ones without stochastic resetting.

Interfacial engineering in SnO2-embedded graphene anode materials for high performance lithium-ion batteries

Tin dioxide is regarded as an alternative anode material rather than graphite due to its high theoretical specific capacity. Modification with carbon is a typical strategy to mitigate the volume expansion effect of SnO2 during the charge process. Strengthening the interface bonding is crucial for improving the electrochemical performance of SnO2/C composites. Here, SnO2-embedded reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composite with a low graphene content of approximately 5 wt.% was in situ synthesized via a cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)-assisted hydrothermal method. The structural integrity of the SnO2/rGO composite is significantly improved by optimizing the Sn–O–C electronic structure with CTAB, resulting a reversible capacity of 598 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at a current density of 1 A g−1. CTAB-assisted synthesis enhances the rate performance and cyclic stability of tin dioxide/graphene composites, and boosts their application as the anode materials for the next-generation lithium-ion batteries.

Estimation of the solar radiation intensity on photovoltaic surfaces using anisotropic Models, investigation of influence of tilt angles and solar trackers: A case study for the southeastern of Türkiye

The estimation of total solar radiation (TSR) intensity is crucial for the performance, design, and economic assessment of photovoltaic (PV) energy systems operating in different geolocations and climates. Various transposition Models can be utilized in performance calculations for PV systems in the estimation of TSR on tilted and tracked PV surfaces. Solar tracking equipment can be applied to optimize the TSR gathered by solar PV surfaces. In addition, energy gain can be considerably increased with the use of optimally tilted PV surfaces. This study aims to perform a reliable estimation of TSR for fixed and tracked PV surfaces by applying Hay-Davies, Klucher, Reindl, HDKR, and Perez anisotropic transposition Models over a specific period in Şanlıurfa Turkey. This study does not identify the best anisotropic Model, but with a relative cross-comparison, it points out the values of high variability in outputs and disagreements between different Models. The study highlights the potential of using multiple transposition Models to provide more robust estimates for the annual, seasonal, and monthly solar energy gain in desired geolocations. The annual optimal tilt angle (OPTA) for Şanlıurfa province is estimated to be 30°-31°, which is close to the latitude but below the latitude (6°-7°) of the respective geolocation. The monthly OPTA throughout the year is between 3° in July and 64° in December. It is revealed that the loss in annual TSR does not surpass 0.5% due to the 5° offset of the tilt angle from the OPTA of fixed PV surfaces. The gain in annual TSR for a fixed surface compared to a horizontal surface is estimated to be between 6.05% and 8.24%. The gain in annual TSR for a north-south oriented single-axis tracker (the axis of rotation is on the east-west plane) is estimated between 22.03% and 25.68%, whereas for a dual-axis tracker, it is estimated between 31.49% and 36.66%. It is inferred that, compared to a single-axis tracking, a dual-axis tracking can yield approximately 8.84% more energy. In light of this research, it is recommended that the solar energy potential of the Şanlıurfa can be significantly enhanced by installing tracking systems for maximal generation of solar energy. In the absence of a tracking system, the annual OPTA setting of a PV surface can be a typical strategy. On the other hand, this study reveals that some solar parameters involved in anisotropic Models significantly contribute to the quality of the estimation results. The Models presented in this study can be used to accurately estimate TSR on PV surfaces in various implementations in any place of Türkiye and around the world.

When life throws curveballs: Unpacking consumers’ compensatory strategies

AbstractCompensatory consumption is a typical strategy used by consumers to alleviate feelings of self‐discrepancy. This phenomenon occurs in multiple contexts, and the related literature has experienced rapid and fragmented growth. This article presents a systematic review of 96 articles on compensatory consumption published in 42 journals over 26 years (from 1997 to 2023). Using the antecedents, decisions, and outcomes (ADO) model, we propose a framework that covers the entire compensatory consumption journey, linking an individual's types of discrepancy with the underlying mechanisms, coping strategies, and compensatory behaviors. We also explore the positive and negative outcomes of compensatory behaviors and the potential for the process to become a continuous compensation cycle. Our findings highlight four significant themes (antecedents, compensation strategies, outcomes, and methodologies) that need to be further investigated in future studies.

The Synthesis and Crystallographic Characterization of Emissive Pt(II) and Au(I) Compounds Exploiting the 2-Ethynylpyrimidine Ligand

The luminescent properties of Au(I) and Pt(II) compounds are commonly tuned by exploiting the alkynyl ligand with varying electron density. Herein, we describe the synthesis of three new emissive transition metal compounds, tbpyPt(C2pym)2, Ph3PAuC2pym, and Cy3PAuC2pym (where HC2pym = 2-ethynylpyrimidine), verified by 1H-NMR, EA, and a single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The tbpyPt(C2pym)2 complex crystallized as an Et2O solvate in the orthorhombic space group Pbca with Z = 24 with three unique Pt(II) species within the unit cell. The Cy3PAuC2pym species crystallizes in a monoclinic space group with one unique complex in the asymmetric unit. Changing the identity of the phosphine from Cy3P to Ph3P influences interactions within the unit cell. Ph3PAuC2pym, which also crystalizes in a monoclinic space group, has an aurophilic bonding interaction Au–Au distance of 3.0722(2) Å, which is not present in crystalline Cy3PAuC2pym. Regarding optical properties, the use of an electron-deficient heterocycle provides an alternate approach to blue-shifting the emission of Pt(II) transition metals’ compounds, where the aryl moiety is made more electron-deficient by exploiting nitrogen within this moiety instead of the typical strategy of decorating the aryl ring with electron withdrawing substituents (e.g., fluorines). This is indicated by the blue-shift in emission that occurs in tbpyPt(C2pym)2 (λmax, emission = 512 nm) compared to the previously reported tbpyPt(C22-py)2 (where HC22-py = 2-ethynylpyridine) complex (λmax, emission = 520 nm).