Typical Signal Patterns Research Articles

The cytoarchitectonic landscape revealed by deep learning method facilitated precise positioning in mouse neocortex.

Neocortex is a complex structure with different cortical sublayers and regions. However, the precise positioning of cortical regions can be challenging due to the absence of distinct landmarks without special preparation. To address this challenge, we developed a cytoarchitectonic landmark identification pipeline. The fluorescence micro-optical sectioning tomography method was employed to image the whole mouse brain stained by general fluorescent nucleotide dye. A fast 3D convolution network was subsequently utilized to segment neuronal somas in entire neocortex. By approach, the cortical cytoarchitectonic profile and the neuronal morphology were analyzed in 3D, eliminating the influence of section angle. And the distribution maps were generated that visualized the number of neurons across diverse morphological types, revealing the cytoarchitectonic landscape which characterizes the landmarks of cortical regions, especially the typical signal pattern of barrel cortex. Furthermore, the cortical regions of various ages were aligned using the generated cytoarchitectonic landmarks suggesting the structural changes of barrel cortex during the aging process. Moreover, we observed the spatiotemporally gradient distributions of spindly neurons, concentrated in the deep layer of primary visual area, with their proportion decreased over time. These findings could improve structural understanding of neocortex, paving the way for further exploration with this method.

Second contribution to the knowledge of drumming signals of stoneflies from Corsica (Plecoptera: Nemouridae, Leuctridae and Perlodidae)

In this second article on drumming signals of Corsican stoneflies, the complete vibrational duets of three species are described. Protonemura corsicana (Morton, 1930) shows the typical signal pattern of other studied Protonemura species, a two-way exchange with monophasic grouped call and monophasic answer. In absence of direct female answer, when the male had participated in a previous duet, the male can make a second signal just after it call similar to the female answer (probably mimicking it). That could act as a stimulation for the female because, sometimes, the female answers after it. Leuctra fraterna Morton, 1930 males and females communicate with three-way or two-way signal exchanges. Call, answer, and reply are remarkably similar in structure, a signal composed by usually three parts with different rhythm (varied beat-interval signal type). The complete Isoperla insularis (Morton, 1930) duet is described. The male call is a repeated monophasic signal (call train), and the female answer is a one beat signal. A particular interaction between I. insularis males, producing an inter-male rejection signal, is also described.

Typical value ranges and signal patterns in patients with neurogenic bladder: Quality control in urodynamics using an air-charged catheter system.

To establish typical value ranges (TVRs) of the air-charged catheter (ACC) system, and analyze the typical signal patterns (TSPs) of cough under different bladder volumes for quality control of a urodynamic study using the ACC system. The urodynamic traces of 1977 patients with neurogenic bladder (NB) were analyzed for intravesical pressure (pves ), abdominal pressure (pabd ), and detrusor pressure (pdet ) in the cough test at our center from July 2017 to December 2021. The pdet cough signals were described and classified. The pdet cough signal patterns in different bladder volumes and postures were analyzed. The 50% range of the initial resting pves , pabd , and pdet in the supine and sitting positions were 7-15, 7-14, and 0-0 cmH2 O, and 24-33, 24-33, and 0-0 cmH2 O, respectively. The cough amplitudes for pves and pabd were similar in the 50% range, as follows: 10-27 and 8-25 cmH2 O in the supine position, respectively; and 18-43 and 17-40 cmH2 O in the sitting position, respectively. The cough amplitude of pves and pabd was not related to bladder volume (p > 0.05). The cough spikes of pdet were divided into three types: type I, in which pdet has a minimal change (<5 cmH2 O); type II, a monophasic cough spike, in which could be a positive (IIa, ≥5 cmH2 O) or negative spike (IIb, ≥5 cmH2 O); and type III, a biphasic spike, in which could be a positive-to-negative biphasic (IIIa) or negative-to-positive spike (IIIb). Under different bladder volumes, the cough signals of pdet were all expressed as type I, II, or III, and the cough signals were unrelated to bladder volume (p > 0.05). TVRs of the initial resting state in patients with NB were established to provide guidance for quantitative quality control of the ACC system. The TSPs of the pdet cough signal under different bladder volume and posture were described, which could be used for qualitative quality control of the ACC system.

First case report of a NUP98-PMX1 rearrangement in de novo acute myeloid leukemia and literature review

BackgroundThe nucleoporin 98 (NUP98)-paired related homeobox 1 (PMX1) fusion gene, which results from t(1;11)(q23;p15), is rare in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Currently, only two cases of chronic myeloid leukemia in the accelerated phase or blast crisis and three cases of therapy-related AML have been reported. Here, we first report a patient with de novo AML carrying the NUP98-PMX1 fusion gene.Case presentationA 49-year-old man diagnosed with AML presented the karyotype 46,XY,t(1;11)(q23;p15)[20] in bone marrow (BM) cells. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis using dual-color break-apart probes showed the typical signal pattern. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis suggested the presence of the NUP98-PMX1 fusion transcript. The patient received idarubicin and cytarabine as induction chemotherapy. After 3 weeks, the BM aspirate showed complete remission, and the RT-PCR result for the NUP98-PMX1 fusion gene was negative. Subsequently, the patient received three cycles of high-dose Ara-c as consolidation chemotherapy, after which he underwent partially matched (human leukocyte antigen–DP locus mismatch) unrelated allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The follow-up period ended on September 30, 2020 (6 months after HSCT), and the patient exhibited no recurrence or transplantation-related complications.ConclusionThis is the first report of a patient with de novo AML carrying the NUP98-PMX1 fusion gene. The reported case may contribute to a more comprehensive profile of the NUP98-PMX1 rearrangement, but mechanistic studies are warranted to fully understand the role of this fusion gene in leukemia pathogenesis.

Synthesis, structure, and electrochemical properties of N,Nʹ-bis(ferrocenylmethylene)ethylenediamine Schiff base and its metal complexes

ABSTRACTThe reaction of N,N'-bis(ferrocenylmethylene)ethylenediamine (FcNN) Schiff base with metal salts gave SnCl4FcNN (1), SnCl2FcNN(H2O)2 (2), Sn2(CH3)4Cl4FcNN (3), Ti2Cl8FcNN (4), CdFcNN(NO3)2 (5), and CuFcNN(NO3)2 (6). New complexes (1)–(6) were characterized by IR and elemental analysis techniques. IR spectra showed that the Schiff base was coordinated to the metal ions in a bidentate manner with N,N' donor sites. The 1H NMR spectra of complexes (1), (2), and (4) show all the expected signals with a typical signal pattern of disubstituted ferrocenyl groups. The electrochemical properties of complexes were determined by cyclic voltammetry. Cyclic voltammetry results show that these complexes exhibit one irreversible oxidation peak.

Typical Value Ranges and Typical Signal Patterns in the Initial Cough in Patients With Neurogenic Bladder: Quality Control in Urodynamic Studies.

PurposeThe goal of this study was to establish typical value ranges (TVRs) and to analyze typical signal patterns (TSPs) of the initial cough (cough before bladder filling) for quality control in urodynamic studies.MethodsA total of 539 urodynamic traces from patients with neurogenic bladder obtained over the course of a year were retrospectively reviewed. The TVRs for cough amplitude in measurements of the intravesical pressure (Pves), abdominal pressure (Pabd), and detrusor pressure (Pdet) during the initial cough were established. We used the 95% range as a reference range for all parameters. Cough spikes in Pdet were described and classified, and the reasons for different patterns of cough spikes were established. The quality of all the cystometry traces was checked, and we also present remedial actions for inappropriate cough spikes.ResultsThe cough amplitudes in the measurements of Pves and Pabd were similar, with 95% of measurements falling within the following ranges: 4–62 cm H2O and 3–70 cm H2O, respectively, in supine position and 9–95 cm H2O and 8–98 cm H2O, respectively, in sitting position. For Pdet, the cough amplitude ranged from −38 to 25 cm H2O in supine position and from −44 to 41 cm H2O in sitting position. The cough spikes for Pdet were classified as follows: type I, Pdet pressure exhibited a minimal change (<5 cm H2O) during the cough; type II, a monophasic spike (>5 cm H2O) was observed for Pdet; and type III, biphasic spikes were observed for Pdet. Type I coughs were found to have more high-quality traces (P<0.01).ConclusionsTVRs for the initial cough test among neurogenic patients were established in order to provide guidelines for quantitative quality control. The TSPs for the initial cough signal were described, and the presence of a high-quality cough signal may be recommended as a component of quality control in urodynamic measurements.

Qualitative quality control during urodynamic studies with TSPs for cystometry in men with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia

The aim of this study was to describe typical signal patterns (TSPs) by amplitude and pressure gradients and indicate the role and significance of them in quality control. A total of 582 measurements from a multicenter urodynamic study on males (mean age, 65.3 years) were re-analyzed. Using manual graphical analysis, we identified signal patterns by typical amplitude (A) and typical pressure gradient (PG). TSPs were classified into four types: I: fine structure (A < 3 cm H2O); II: minor dynamic changes (A < 5 cm H2O); III: major changes due to cough tests (A > 50 cm H2O, PG > 100 cm H2O/s); IV: typical major changes due to muscular activity: detrusor overactivity (A > 3 cm H2O, PG > 1-5 cm H2O/s), rectal contractions (A = 5-10 cm H2O, PG = 5-10 cm H2O/s), and straining (A > 5 cm H2O, PG ≥ 30 cm H2O/s). At beginning of and during filling, 91.8 and 98.3 % of traces showed the identical fine structure and minor changes between P ves and P abd tracings, and P det tracing was quiet. 92.3 % of P ves and P abd traces had equal pressure changes at test coughs. During filling, 8.3 % traces showed straining, 17.4 % showed rectal contractions, and 33.7 % showed detrusor overactivity. Before voiding, 94 % of P ves and P abd traces had equal cough response. During voiding, 91.2 % of traces showed the same fine structure, 53.3 % of traces showed straining, and 15.3 % showed relaxation of the pelvic floor. After voiding, 91.2 % of traces had the same fine structure, and 87.5 % had an equal cough response. TSPs are a powerful tool for qualitative plausibility and quality control and are an indispensable pre-condition for good urodynamic practice.

MYC Gene FISH Testing in Aggressive B-Cell Lymphomas: Atypical Rearrangements May Result in Underreporting of Positive Cases

AbstractAbstract 1552 Background:Multifunctional MYC oncogene overexpression resulting from genomic rearrangement plays a critical role in lymphomagenesis and lymphoma manifestation, particularly in aggressive B-cell lymphomas such as Burkitt lymphoma (BL), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and B-cell lymphoma unclassifiable with features intermediate between DLBCL and BL including double hit or triple hit lymphomas (DHL/THL). Accurate detection of MYC gene rearrangement, its presence or absence, has become increasingly important with its diagnostic and consequent therapeutic implications. In practice, FISH is the best test for MYC alterations. However, this is technically challenging, requiring knowledgeable and skillful cytogeneticists to design probe panels, correctly analyze and interpret atypical as well as typical signal patterns. For instance, up to 10% of patients with otherwise typical BL can be MYC rearrangement negative by FISH and, gene amplification and miRNA deregulation have been reported as possible reasons in occasional cases, although some of the FISH negative patients could be detected by better application of probes and interpretation of FISH findings. Here we retrospectively analyze FISH results from 879 consecutive MYC positive cases and share our experience with other FISH labs and physicians who are involved in diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of aggressive lymphomas. Results:A MYC/IGH dual fusion translocation probe and a MYC break apart (ba) probe (Vysis) were applied to paraffin embedded tissue, lymph node biopsy, bone marrow and peripheral blood specimens. Of the 879 cases, MYC ba was positive in 258, MYC ba and MYC-IGH both positive in 331, MYC ba positive/MYC-IGH negative in 276, and MYC-IGH positive/MYC ba negative in 14 cases. Two subsets of cases with significant atypical signal patterns were observed. Firstly, in 14 cases with both probes tested, MYC ba was negative but MYC/IGH positive, including 6 BLs, 3 DLBCLs, 1 MCL, 1 Burkitt leukemia transformed from BL, 1 subtype unknown lymphoma and 2 DHLs with history of Hodgkin lymphoma and Burkitt-like lymphoma respectively and with concomitant BCL6 gene rearrangement in both. Eleven of these cases showed a single fusion signal pattern suggesting an insertion of IGH sequences into MYC or vise versa. This single insertion fusion pattern can also be resulted from complex chromosome changes as seen cytogenetically in 2 of the 11 cases. Secondly, 26 cases with various diagnoses including 4 DHLs and 2 THLs showed MYC rearrangement with a concomitant partial deletion of the MYC ba probe with 17 cases for 3' and 9 for 5' deletion. Three of these cases were also positive for concomitant probe deletion and amplification, two with 3' deletion and 5' amplification and one with 5' deletion and 3' amplification. Conclusion and discussion:MYC gene rearrangement detection by FISH in aggressive B-cell lymphomas is widely used. However, FISH labs should realize the technical limitations of each probe/panel based on underlying mechanisms involving MYC rearrangement and minimize false negative results. From our experience and previous studies by other groups, it is recommended that MYC ba probe should not be tested alone but together with a MYC/IGH t(8;14) translocation probe to detect cryptic insertions and variant translocations which often present as MYC ba negative yet MYC/IGH positive with a single fusion signal pattern inserting IGH promoter/enhancer elements into MYC or part or all of the MYC probe into IGH locus. Another observation that can also be misinterpreted is that the MYC ba probe often shows a deletion of either 5’ or 3’ flanking sequence. This is not because of tissue sectioning but indicative of MYC rearrangement with a concomitant loss of the DNA sequences adjacent to the breakpoints. A flanking sequence deletion revealed at translocation breakpoints using a FISH ba probe is a common finding. As well documented, BCR/ABL translocation results in an ASS deletion upstream of ABL in ∼15% of CMLs, and a 5’ probe deletion in ∼30% ALK rearrangement positive NSCLC cases. Three of 26 such cases in our study also showed simultaneous retained MYC probe amplification making FISH interpretation even more difficult. As a diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarker, MYC gene plays a pivotal role in aggressive B-cell lymphomas, and its accurate detection will help improve disease risk stratification and therapy selection. Disclosures:No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

An Alternative Application to the Portuguese Agro-Industrial Residue: Wheat Straw

The effects of alkaline treatments of the wheat straw with sodium hydroxide were investigated. The optimal condition for extraction of hemicelluloses was found to be with 0.50 mol/l sodium hydroxide at 55 degrees C for 2 h. This resulted in the release of 17.3% of hemicellulose (% dry starting material), corresponding to the dissolution of 49.3% of the original hemicellulose. The yields were determined by gravimetric analysis and expressed as a proportion of the starting material. Chemical composition and physico-chemical properties of the samples of hemicelluloses were elucidated by a combination of sugar analyses, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and thermal analysis. The results showed that the treatments were very effective on the extraction of hemicelluloses from wheat straw and that the extraction intensity (expressed in terms of alkali concentration) had a great influence on the yield and chemical features of the hemicelluloses. The FTIR analysis revealed typical signal pattern for the hemicellulosic fraction in the 1,200-1,000 cm(-1) region. Bands between 1,166 and 1,000 cm(-1) are typical of xylans.

Gas analysis with SAW sensor systems

At the institute of instrumental analysis, a family of three gas analysis instruments based on mass-sensitive gas sensor devices are developed. The SAW Aroma and Gas Analyzing Systems (SAGAS) are used to detect and analyze a large variety of gases and aromas. The common heart of these systems is a sensor head with eight differently polymer-coated surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices. These “semi-selective” sensors are used to generate typical signal pattern (“finger prints”) of analyte gases and gas mixtures. Using chemometrical data analysis, such as PCA, classification and PLS, as well as artificial neural networks, these signal patterns are used for qualitative analyte recognition and for quantitative gas mixture determination. In the following, some sensor properties are discussed and some applications of the systems are presented.

Biology of the Heard Island Shag Phalacrocorax nivalis. 1. Breeding Behaviour

SummaryThe behaviour of Heard Island Shags Phalacrocorax nivalis was observed in the 1992–93 breeding season. Many of the typical signal patterns of the Pelecaniformes were observed. Despite the isolation of Heard Island Shags from their nearest relatives in the P. atriceps grouping the behaviour patterns were virtually identical.

Calibration ? A multidimensional approach

Analytical calibration, in its entirety, comprises both qualitative and quantitative analysis and has to be considered, therefore, from a multidimensional point of view. The relationships must be characterised between the presence of certain analytes and typical signal patterns (e.g. at certain wavelengths) on the one hand and between the amount of given analytes and signal intensities on the other. It is useful to take a three dimensional model as the basis for the classical quantitative analysis and calibration. The relationships between the signal intensity and the true concentration of reference materials used for calibration and the concentration to be estimated in real analytical samples spread a three dimensional function whose corresponding two dimensional projections represent the common calibration function, the analytical evaluation function and the recovery function, which is important for validation (testing the accuracy). Under certain conditions the three dimensional model can be simplified to the common two dimensional one. Multivariate calibration relates to multidimensionality in analytical problems and data sets in principle. Multicomponent analysis and multisignal evaluation are characterized and illustrated by special applications.

Magnetic resonance imaging features in melanoma

T 1 and T 2 relaxation time shortening secondary to paramagnetic compounds has been described in melanoma. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the signal behavior of melanoma involved in various body areas using short TR, TE and long TR, TE sequences. Twenty-seven sites of melanoma were evaluated with MR using T 1-weighted and T 2-weighted techniques. Using fat and muscle signal intensities as references tissues, lesions were graded into high, low or intermediate intensity categories for each of the sequences. Four signal patterns emerged. The typical pattern characterized by high signal on T 1-weighted images and low singal on T 2-weighted images reflected T 1 and T 2 shortening. The other pattern categories comprised of lesions demonstrating low signal T 1-weighted images and high signal on T 2-weighted images, high singal on both T 1- and T 2-weighted images and lesions showing intermediate signal on either T 1- or T 2-weighted images. We observed a tendency away from the typical signal pattern in extraocular melanoma cases with only one of 14 demonstrating this pattern. Moreover, only seven of thirteen ocular melanomas exhibited such behavior. Possible explanations for this finding as well as the existence of a variety of MR appearances to melanoma are offered. We conclude that while signal patterns showing T 1 and T 2 shortening are typical of melanoma, the absence of these does not exclude the diagnosis.

CT und MRT von Wirbelhämangiomen

A retrospective comparative study of CT and MRI was carried out involving 38 vertebral haemangiomas; this revealed a typical signal pattern on MRI from benign lesions. It consists of a hyper-intense signal from the bone marrow affecting the T1/T2 sequences; this may be focal or involve the entire vertebral body. These characteristic signals were compared with CT images of the spine. The areas of bone that produce the high intensity signals on MRI appear on CT as spongy patterns with hypertrophic trabeculae surrounding mostly areas with negative absorption values. An analysis of the changes in the spongiosa has revealed three clearly defined types. The signals derived from haemangiomas extending beyond the bone have an intensity of normal spongiosa; this corresponds with an absence of fat, as demonstrated by CT. Extra-osseous components have low intensity T1 signals that increase in T2 sequences.