Typical Mills Research Articles

Sustainability analysis of bioethanol production in Mexico by a retrofitted sugarcane industry based on the Brazilian expertise

Bioethanol as fuel oxygenator is currently being introduced in Mexico with an estimated yearly demand of 3 billion liters expected to be produced mainly from sugarcane. This paper studies how to employ some of the expertise acquired by Brazil during its transition from typical mills into advanced biorefineries to retrofit the Mexican sucroalcohol industry. A typical Mexican sugarcane factory design is retrofitted to three biorefinery designs commonly found in Brazil, which are an autonomous distillery, a biorefinery with 50:50 feedstock ratio for ethanol and sugar production and a molasses distillery. The results of a techno-economic analysis considering these four designs under Mexican conditions are presented, followed by an economic comparison of the autonomous distillery design operating under Mexican and Brazilian conditions. Sustainability analysis is then carried out to identify the advantages and drawbacks of each design. The analysis compares an environment-driven scenario promoting bioethanol production and use for phasing out fossil fuels, against a commercially focused framework considering only environmental and economic issues affecting stakeholders’ profit. Results show in monetary terms the impact of each indicator of a retrofitting path from currently profitable biorefineries coproducing sugar and alcohol to sustainable distilleries using molasses and juice as feedstock to produce bioethanol.

Strip shape control capability of hot wide strip rolling mills

The elasticity deformation of rolls was analyzed by means of two-dimensional finite element method (FEM) with variable thickness. Three typical mills were used as objects for analysis. A thorough study was done on the control capabilities of these mills on the strip shape. Then the strip shape control capabilities of the three mills was compared synthetically.

Techno–economic comparison of typical Nire-rod mills: the experience of Kobe Steel

Abstract This paper presents a comparison of five typical wire-rod mills from both the economic and the technical points of view, and sets out the characteristics of each mill. The rolling capacity of the five mills ranges from 5000 to 50000 tons per month. Some of them can be used for the production of both wire-rod and bar products. The diameters that can be rolled range from 5·5 mm to 38 mm for wire rod and from 9·5 mm to 80 mm for straight bar. The five typical mills are studied for comparative purposes from four main points of view: (a) the quality and quantity of product; (b) the productivity of the mill; (c) the skills and the number of operators, and (d) the construction costs. Some of the figures given in the paper (e.g. the construction costs for building the mills) may vary in accordance with local conditions in different countries. However, the relative evaluation of the different types of mill can be used for the selection of the type of mill to be installed. The descriptions and conclusions ...