Basal Cell Type Research Articles

Surgical Reconstruction in Malignant Eyelid Tumors.

To report the histopathological subtypes of malignant eyelid tumors treated surgically in the author's clinic and to present the author's graft and flap preferences in the reconstruction of the eyelid defect after surgical excision. This retrospective study included 33 patients who underwent malignant eyelid tumor excision, followed by eyelid reconstruction. A frozen section was performed during surgery to assess surgical margins in all patients. Demographic characteristics, histological classification, localization, and size of the tumor, postoperative defect size, follow-up period, complications, and recurrence rate were recorded. Of the patients with a mean age of 66.6 ± 15.3 (range: 23-94), 15 (45.5%) were females and 18 (54.5%) were males. The lower eyelid was the most commonly involved site in 27 (81.8%) patients. Basal cell carcinoma was the most frequently diagnosed type of malignant cancer in 81.8% (n = 27) of the cases. Among the tumor subtypes, nodular type basal cell carcinoma was the most frequently observed subtype in 10 (30.3%) patients. Wide excision with different flap and graft techniques was performed in 26 (78.8%) patients with defect sizes of 40% or larger. In the author's study, the most preferred flap technique for anterior lamella reconstruction was the Tenzel semicircular flap (30.3% n = 10). The most frequently preferred flap for posterior lamella reconstruction was the Hughes tarsoconjunctival flap (30.3% n = 10). There were no flap or graft failures in any of the author's cases. In the treatment of malignant eyelid tumors, different local flap and graft techniques selected according to the size of the defect have successful anatomical results in reconstructive surgery after frozen section controlled excision.

A case of extraosseous/peripheral ameloblastoma with basal cell type

A case of extraosseous/peripheral ameloblastoma with basal cell type

Mixed Type Basal Cell Carcinoma Treated with Excision and Defect Closure Using Advancement Flap: A Case Report

Background: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a localized malignant tumor in the basal layer of the epidermis thought to be the result of prolonged sun exposure and associated with gene mutations in most cases. Although rarely metastazises, BCC can cause high levels of morbidity due to its locally destructive nature. There are several modalities for managing BCC, and the defect caused by the lesion can reconstructed by local flap.
 Case presentation: We present a 55-year-old woman with a chief complaint of a blackish lump on the left maxillary region, growing bigger, and frequent episodes of bleeding. The lesion was excised and followed by histopathological examination, which revealed mixed subtype BCC. Closure of the defect with an advancement flap was performed with favorable results.
 Conclusion: Surgical excision is the best option for managing BCC, while a skin flap is preferred to close defects for lesions on the cheek.

Island Pedicle Flap Pada Dinding Hidung Dengan Karsinoma Sel Basal

A flap is a tissue unit that is transferred from one area (donor site) to another area (recipient site) while still maintaining its blood circulatory system. The island pedicle flap, also known as the V-Y flap, is a modified advancement flap. This flap is a very useful reconstruction option for small to intermediate-sized defects. A 69-year-old Acehnese woman with a history of working as a farmer came with complaints of a non-painful nodule on the wall of her left nose for the last 6 months. Based on the history and physical examination, the patient was provisionally diagnosed with nodular type Basal Cell Carcinoma. An excisional surgical was performed, then a pedicle island flap was performed to close the defect. Anatomical pathology examination results concluded basal cell carcinoma. The island pedicle flap technique is one of the surgical techniques that can be an option to close tumor excision defects. This technique offers a one-stage reconstruction with excellent cosmetic results for defects in the nasal wall. The color and texture of the skin after surgery are almost perfect because the flap originates from the skin immediately adjacent to the defect.

A quantitative heterogeneity analysis approach to molecular subtype recognition of breast cancer in dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic imaging images from radiomics data.

Breast cancer is a major cause of mortality among women worldwide. Dynamic contrast-enhanced breast magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) is a good imaging technique that can show temporal information about the kinetics of the contrast agent in suspicious breast lesions as well as acceptable spatial resolution. Computer-aided detection systems assist in the detection of lesions through medical image processing techniques combined with computerized analysis and calculation, which in turn helps radiologists recognize molecular subtypes of breast lesions that will be beneficial for better treatment plan decisions. In this paper, a computer-aided diagnosis method is proposed to automatically locate breast cancer lesions and identify molecular subtypes of breast cancer with heterogeneity analysis from radiomics data. A fast region-based convolutional network (Faster R-CNN) framework is first applied to images to detect breast cancer lesions. Then, the heterogeneous regions of every breast cancer lesion are extracted. Based on the multiple visual and kinetic radiomics features extracted from the heterogeneous regions, a temporal bag of visual word model is proposed, which takes into account the dynamic characteristics of both lesion and heterogeneous regions in images over time. The recognition task of molecular subtypes of breast lesions is realized based on a stacking classification model. At the genetic level, breast cancer is divided into four molecular subtypes, namely, luminal epithelial type A (Luminal A), luminal epithelial type B (Luminal B), HER-2 overexpression and basal cell type. The experimental results show that the precision of the four subtypes is 93%, 94%, 83%, 86%; the recall is 96%, 80%, 91%, 94%; and the F1-score is 95%, 86%, 87%. The experimental results denote the influence of heterogeneous regions on the recognition task. The DCE-MRI-based approach to identify molecular typing of breast cancer for noninvasive diagnosis will contribute to the development of breast cancer treatment, improved outcomes and reduced mortality.

424 Case series of infiltrative type basal cell carcinomas in Korean patients: Clinical & dermoscopic features and surgical outcomes

424 Case series of infiltrative type basal cell carcinomas in Korean patients: Clinical & dermoscopic features and surgical outcomes

Comparative analysis of clinicopathological characteristics of central necrotizing breast cancer and basal cell-like breast cancer.

This study aims to compare the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of centrally necrotizing carcinoma of the breast (CNC) and basal-like breast cancer (BLBC), as well as to analyze the characteristics of the molecular typing of the CNC. The clinicopathological features of 69 cases of CNC and 48 cases of BLBC were observed and compared. EnVision immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect the expressions of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in CNC and BLBC. The age of the 69 patients ranged from 32 to 80 years, with an average of 54.55 years. Gross examination showed that most tumors were well-defined single central nodules with a diameter of 1.2~5.0 cm. Microscopically, there is a large necrotic or acellular area in the center of the tumor, mainly composed of tumor coagulative necrosis with varying degrees of fibrosis or hyaline degeneration. A small amount of cancer tissue remained in the form of a ribbon or small nest around the necrotic focus. Among 69 cases of CNC, the proportion of basal cell type (56.5%) was significantly higher than that of lumen type A (18.84%), lumen type B (13.04%), HER2 overexpression (5.8%), and nonexpression (5.8%). A total of 31 cases were followed up for 8~50 months, with an average of 33.94 months. There have been nine cases of disease progression. When compared to BLBC, there were no significant differences in BRCA1 and VEGF protein expression in response to CNC (p > 0.05), but there were significant differences in protein expression in HIF-1α (p < 0.05). The molecular typing of CNC showed that over half of those were BLBC. No statistically significant difference in the expression of BRCA1 was observed between CNC and BLBC; thus, we predict that targeted therapy for BRCA1 in BLBC may also have considerable effects in CNC patients. The expression of HIF-1α is significantly different in CNC and BLBC, and perhaps HIF-1α can be used as a new entry point to distinguish between the two. There is a significant correlation between the expression of VEGF and HIF-1α in BLBC, and there was no significant correlation between the expression levels of the two proteins in CNC.

Artificial intelligence based model for establishing the histopathological diagnostic of the cutaneous basal cell carcinoma

Abstract Introduction: Artificial intelligence (AI), a component of computer science, has the ability to process the multitude of medical data existing in the medical system around the world. The goal of our study is to build an AI model, based on Machine Learning, capable of assisting pathologists around the world in the diagnosis of the basal cell carcinoma of the skin. Material and Method: Our study is represented by the development of a Mask-RCNN (Mask Region-based Convolutional Neural Network) model, for the detection of cells with typical basal cell carcinoma tumoral changes. A number of 258 digitized histological images were used. The images emerged from Hematoxylin&amp;Eosin stained pathology slides, diagnosed with cutaneous basal cell carcinoma between January 2018 and December 2021, at the Pathology Service of the Mureș County Clinical Hospital. Results: All the used images have the unique resolution of 2560x1920 pixels. For the learning process, we divided these images into two datasets: the learning dataset, representing 80% of the total images; and the test dataset, representing 20% of the total images. The AI model was trained using 1000 epochs with a learning rate of 0.00025 and only one classification category: basal cell carcinoma. Conclusions: The AI model successfully identified in 85% of the cases the areas with pathological changes present in the input images.

Ameloblastoma of Anterior Mandible: Case Report

Churchill gave the term “Ameloblastoma”. According to Robinson it is a “usually unicentric, nonfunctional, intermittent in growth, anatomically benign and clinically persistent tumor”. It is a benign odontogenic tumor originating from residual epithelium of the tooth germ, epithelium of odontogenic cysts stratified squamous epithelium and epithelium of the enamel organ. Histopathologically, it occurs in six patterns: plexiform, follicular, acanthomatous, granular cell, basal cell, and desmoplastic type. It is the second most common odontogenic neoplasm. It accounts for 11% of all odontogenic tumors and is characterized by slow growth and local infiltration into the adjacent tissues. About 80 % of ameloblastomas occur in the mandible, it frequently involves molar and mandibular angle (70 %), premolar (20 %), and rarely anterior region (10 %). Itis seen in adults in the third to fifth decade of life. Here, we are presenting a case of a 46-year-old male presented with a swelling in right anterior mandible diagnosed with plexiform ameloblastoma.

The mitochondrial enzyme FAHD1 regulates complex II activity in breast cancer cells and is indispensable for basal BT-20 cells in vitro.

The mitochondrial enzyme fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase domain-containing protein 1 (FAHD1) was identified to be upregulated in breast cancer tissues. Here, we show that FAHD1 is indispensable for the survival of BT-20 cells, representing the basal breast cancer cell type. A lentiviral knock-down of FAHD1 in the breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and BT-20 results in lower succinate dehydrogenase (complex II) activity. In luminal MCF-7 cells, this leads to reduced proliferation when cultured in medium containing only glutamine as the carbon source. Of note, both cell lines show attenuated protein levels of the enzyme glutaminase (GLS) which activates programmed cell death in BT-20. These findings demonstrate that FAHD1 is crucial for the functionality of complex II in breast cancer cells and acts on glutaminolysis in the mitochondria.

Four calcium signaling pathway-related genes were upregulated in microcystic adnexal carcinoma: transcriptome analysis and immunohistochemical validation

BackgroundMicrocystic adnexal carcinoma (MAC) is a skin cancer with challenges in diagnosis and management. This study was aimed to detect molecular alterations of MAC and guide its pathologic diagnosis and treatment.MethodsWe performed transcriptome analysis on 5 MAC and 5 normal skin tissues, identified the differentially expressed genes, and verified them by immunohistochemistry.ResultsThree hundred four differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in MAC were identified by next-generation transcriptome sequencing, among which 225 genes were upregulated and 79 genes were downregulated. Four genes of the calcium signaling pathway, including calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha 1 S (CACNA1S), ATPase sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ transporting 1 (ATP2A1), ryanodine receptor 1 (RYR1), and myosin light chain kinase 3 (MYLK3), were upregulated and then been verified by immunohistochemistry. The expression of CACNA1S, ATP2A1, RYR1, and MYLK3 was upregulated in MAC compared with normal sweat glands and syringoma tumor cells and was generally negative in trichoepithelioma and infundibulocystic type basal cell carcinoma.ConclusionsThe four genes of the calcium signaling pathway were upregulated in MAC at both RNA and protein levels. CACNA1S, ATP2A1, RYR1, and MYLK3 may be new diagnostic molecular markers and therapeutic targets for MAC.

Mixed Type Basal Cell Carcinoma in 48 Years Old Caucasian Male: A Case Report

Introduction: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a malignancy which often affects white-skinned people. The incidence increased in the world up to 10% per year. Ultraviolet exposure is the most common risk factor, and usually affects head and neck. Patients with BCC have increased risks of having melanoma but no other internal malignancy. The existence of lumps which easily bleed and hard to heal perfectly is the most common symptoms found. Diagnosing it is based on the description of the lesion and the result if skin’s histopathology examination. Management is a very important aspect because if it is not treated, it will invade the surrounding tissue and result in functional and cosmetic disturbance. Objective: To describe the clinical relevance regarding symptom, dermoscopy examination and treatment of basal cell carcinoma. Case Report: A 48-year-old male complained of having a wound on his left shoulder since a year before. At the beginning the lesion was small and red, then gradually grew larger and black. Patient did not admit having the same complaint before and there was no history of disease or malignancy. He also done dermoscopy examination which is the result led to basal cell carcinoma characteristics. Excision wound on his left shoulder was done and the histopathology result came as a mixed type basal cell carcinoma. Discussion: Based on anamnesis, physical and diagnostic examinations, the working diagnosis of this patient was mixed type basal cell carcinoma. Diagnostic test is carried out by dermoscopy and histopathology examination. From the dermoscopy examination, it was found that the result was consistent with the characteristic of basal cell carcinoma. The histopathology result also confirmed that the cells were matched with the description of basaloid cells arranged palisades at the edge. The skin’s condition had to be evaluated in the next six months. Conclusion: Basal cell carcinoma is a common malignancy which happens most often in white-skinned people who are exposed to ultraviolet regularly. It is very important to check skin’s condition if a suspicious lump is present. The management is a crucial aspect needed to prevent invasions to surrounding tissues. Keywords: basal cell carcinoma, skin tumor, local invasion.

Discovery and 3D imaging of a novel ΔNp63-expressing basal cell type in human pancreatic ducts with implications in disease

ObjectiveThe aggressive basal-like molecular subtype of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) harbours a ΔNp63 (p40) gene expression signature reminiscent of a basal cell type. Distinct from other epithelia with basal tumours,...

Clinicopathological features of basal cell type dysplasia of esophagus

Objective: To investigate the clinicpathological features of basal cell type dysplasia of the esophagus. Methods: The clinicopathological data of 71 cases of basal cell type dysplasia of esophagus were collected at the People's Liberation Army Joint Logistics Support Force 989 Hospital, from 2009 to 2019, and the histomorphologic characteristics and immunophenotype were evaluated. The relevant literature was reviewed. Results: The ratio of male to female patients was 1.6∶1.0, and the median age was 65 years (range 48-81 years). The tumors were located in the upper segment of the esophagus in four cases (5.6%), the middle segment in 54 cases (76.1%), and the lower segment in 13 cases (18.3%).The median maximal tumor diameter was 12.0 mm (range 3-42 mm). According to Paris Classification, 0-Ⅱb accounted for 42.3% (30/71) of the cases. Under endoscope, the lesions were reddish with abnormal mucosal microvessels. Histologically, the neoplastic cells were small, with a high nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, similar to basal cells, and uniform in morphology. The structural atypia was characterized by dense and disordered tumor cells, loss of basal cell polarity, and absence of normal squamous differentiation gradient. In 10 cases, the tumors were confined to the lower part of the epithelium. The tumor cells were smaller and more uniform in shape, and extend to the superficial lamina propria. Sixty-one tumors involved at least the entire layer of the upper cortex. There were 31 cases of neoplasms with superficial invasive carcinoma. The types of neoplasms included typical squamous cell carcinoma, basaloid squamous cell carcinoma, small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma with sebaceous adenoid carcinoma, and differentiation of glandular/ductal epithelioid carcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the mutant expression rate of p53 protein was 41.5% (17/41). All 41 cases (100.0%) showed abnormal distribution pattern of Ki-67. According to the initial pathologic diagnosis, there were 18 cases of low grade dysplasia, 12 cases of atypical epithelial cells, and 41 cases of high grade dysplasia and superficially invasive carcinoma. Conclusions: Basal cell type dysplasia has unique morphologic characteristics and represents a tumor subtype in the morphologic lineage of esophageal squamous dysplasia. Tumor cells of basal cell type dysplasia, especially those distributed only in the lower part of the stratified squamous epithelium, may be tumor stem cells at the earliest stage of esophageal carcinogenesis and have multidirectional differentiation potential. When the tumor is confined to the lower part of the stratified squamous epithelium, it does not meet the diagnostic criteria for esophageal squamous dysplasia as defined by the current WHO classification.

Is CD 44 really a marker of breast cancer metastasis or is nefarious in its nature

Aims and Objectives: To study the expression of immunomarker CD 44 and evaluate its diagnostic and prognostic significance and its correlation with clinicopathological variables in Breast Carcinoma. Materials and Methods: 50 diagnosed cases of breast carcinoma, presenting clinically with breast lumps were processed routinely for histopathological diagnosis of breast cancer and immunoexpression of CD 44 was performed. The immunoexpression of CD44 was detected mainly at the membrane of tumour cells and the scoring was performed. Results: 217 (98.2%) were females and 4(1.8%) males. Most common subtype involved was invasive carcinoma (NST) in 205(92.8%) cases. Out of 29 cases of grade 2 tumor, 07 (14.0%) showed 1+ score, 10(20.0 %) showed 2+ score and 12 (24.0%) cases showed 3+ immunoexpression. Out of 25 cases of T2 (2-5cm) size, 07(14.0%) showed 1+ score, 09(18.0%) case each showed 2+ score and 3+ immunoexpression. Out of 26 cases of stage III, 04(8.0%) showed 1+ score, 09(18.0%) showed 2+ score and 13(26.0%) cases showed 3+ immunoexpression. Out of 05 cases of N3, 02(4.0%) showed 2+ score and 03(6.0%) showed 3+ immunoexpression. Out of 21 cases of basal cell type, 03(6.0%) showed 1+ score, 07(14.0 %) showed 2+ score and 11(22.0%) cases showed 3+ immunoexpression. Out of 11 (50.0%) cases with weak to moderate expression of CD44, 7(31.8%) cases were stable and alive while 4(18.2%) died due to distant metastasis to various sites. Conclusions: CD 44 is associated with disease progression, recurrence, advanced metastasis and reduced disease free survival and can be used in future to predict early diagnosis of advanced disease. Keywords: Breast carcinoma, CD 44, Immunohistochemistry, Prognosis.

Comparative stemness and differentiation of luminal and basal breast cancer stem cell type under glutamine-deprivation.

Glutamine (gln) metabolism has emerged as a cancer therapeutic target in past few years, however, the effect of gln-deprivation of bCSCs remains elusive in breast cancer. In this study, effect of glutamine on stemness and differentiation potential of bCSCs isolated from MCF-7 and MDAMB-231 were studied. We have shown that bCSCs differentiate into CD24+ epithelial population under gln-deprivation and demonstrated increased expression of epithelial markers such as e-cadherin, claudin-1 and decreased expression of mesenchymal protein n-cadherin. MCF-7-bCSCs showed a decrease in EpCAMhigh population whereas MDAMB-231-bCSCs increased CD44high population in response to gln-deprivation. The expression of intracellular stem cell markers such sox-2, oct-4 and nanog showed a drastic decrease in gene expression under gln-deprived MDAMB-231-bCSCs. Finally, localization of β-catenin in MCF-7 and MDAMB-231 cells showed its accumulation in cytosol or perinuclear space reducing its efficiency to transcribe downstream genes. Conclusively, our study demonstrated that gln-deprivation induces differentiation of bCSCs into epithelial subtypes and also reduces stemness of bCSCs mediated by reduced nuclear localization of β-catenin. It also suggests that basal and luminal bCSCs respond differentially towards changes in extracellular and intracellular gln. This study could significantly affect the gln targeting regimen of breast cancer therapeutics.

Myb Immunohistochemical Staining and Fluorescence in situ Hybridization in Salivary Rare Basaloid Lesions.

Objective: Salivary rare basaloid lesions, including cribriform type basal cell adenoma (cBCA), BCA with incomplete capsule (iBCA), sialoblastoma (SB), and intercalated duct hyperplasia (IDH), could easily be misdiagnosed as adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC). We aim to identify an approach for differential diagnosis and to establish an optimal workflow concerning the diagnosis of these lesions.Material and methods: A panel of antibodies (MYB, β-catenin, CD117, SOX10, ki67, P63, calponin) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)-MYB were utilized to distinguish above salivary basaloid diseases from AdCC.Results: Histologically, the striking diagnostic features of cBCA, iBCA, SB, and IDH are composed of basaloid tumor cells, well-defined encapsulation, or lack of destructive invasion. Immunohistochemically, Myb immune-labeling could effectively make a distinction among cBCA, iBCA, SB, and IDH from AdCC, except in SB. cBCA and iBCA typically expressed β-catenin in the nuclei of tumor cells. There was no statistical significance in the ki67 index between SB and AdCC, but their indices were significantly higher than those of iBCA and IDH (p < 0.05, p < 0.05, respectively). P63 and calponin immune-expression were observed in the basaloid or myoepithelial cells. CD117 were observed positively in cBCA, iBCA, SB, and AdCC, except in IDH. SOX10 were observed positively in all cases. No cases had fusion of MYB and NFIB detectable by FISH, except in AdCC.Conclusion: Considering their sensitivity and specificity, FISH-Myb and an immunohistochemical panel of MYB/β-catenin/ki67 would be an optimal choice for the differential diagnosis of these basaloid lesions.Clinical relevance: Some salivary basaloid tumor or tumor-like lesions have overlapping features with AdCC. Through this present research, we suggested that the panel IHC of MYB, βcatenin, and ki67 combined with FISH-Myb should be an optimal choice for differential diagnosis among those lesions.

The applicability of Sonic hedgehog in mixed type basal cell carcinoma

Background : Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common skin malignancy found in nonmelanoma skin cancer. There are multiple factors contribute to risks for BCC but the underlying mechanism is genetic alteration. The Sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway is implicated in the etiology of the most common BCC. We reported BCC nodular type in the tip of nasal region with increase SHH. Case Illustration: 50 years old man, presented with hyperpigmented tumor on the nasal tip which easily bleed since 6 months ago. Dermatological examination: the tip of nasal region: a solitaire irregular immobile hyperpigmented tumor, with the size of 2x1x0,3 cm, pearly border with rubbery consistency. Dermoscopy examination found multiple blue-gray globule and telangiectasia feature. Histopathology examination found nodule and micronodule with palisade feature in the periphery and &ldquo;slit like retraction&rdquo; in central. Immunohistochemistry examination found more than 50% cell show SHH expression. Wide surgical excision was done with tumor margin 3 mm. Discussion: The hedgehog (Hh) pathway known have important role in embryonic development, that responsible for patterning development organ and tisuue. SHH is one protein ligand that most study and well known in Hh pathways. Conclusion : Activating SHH pathway can resulting in unrestricted SMO activity that causes uncontrollable cell proliferation and eventually carcinogenesis. Increased expression of SHH can be used as a marker in aggresivity of BCC. Keywords: clinical manifestation, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, Sonic hedgehog pathway

Clinico-pathological co-relation using various immuno-histochemistry markers likeER, PR, HER-2 NEU, CK5/6, EGFR, KI-67 in carcinoma breast

In India, for the year 2012, 144,937 women were newly detected with breast cancer and 70,218 women died of it. For every 2 women newly diagnosed with breast cancer, one lady is dying of it. The aim of this study is to evaluate clinical parameters and pathological findings including various Immuno-histochemistry (IHC) markers like ER, PR, HER-2 NEU, CK5/6, EGFR, Ki-67 in cases of carcinoma breast and classify them into molecular classification based on IHC markers and try to correlate them clinically. This prospective, observational study was carried out in 56 patients with early carcinoma breast (stage-I and stage-II) and IHC evaluation for various markers was done. Data was analysed by using Molecular Classification, divide them into estrogen positive (luminal HER-2, luminal A and luminal B) and estrogen negative (Triple negative or basal cell type, HER-2Neu type and normal breast like phenotype) subtypes. We had correlated this data with parameters like age of the patient, clinical and pathological staging of the breast carcinoma, presence or absence of nodes and presence or absence of other IHC parameters. We used ANOVA-F test to catagories variables and measure the test of significance. On IHC in Her-2 neu equivocal cases (patients who had two “++” positive points), we performed FISH test. Out of these 17 equivocal cases, only 3 were positive, 10 were negative and 4 patients did not underwent this test due to several reasons. Finally, Ki-67 value is significantly high in triple negative and Luminal-B patients. NPI is also having low ‘P’value, although not reaching the level of significance. Types of breast carcinoma, which look histologically similar behaves differently in their clinical presentation and in prognosis.In our study only Ki-67 was correlated with poor prognostic subtype of molecular classification but no any poor risk of clinical or histological parameter was correlated significantly with bad prognostic subtype of molecular classification as Luminal-B or triple negative type. We can say that this molecular classification is different in terms of prognosis in patients with similar looking clinical and histological parameters.

Oncological and aesthetic outcome following surgical management of orbito-palpebral skin cancers: A retrospective study of 132 patients

BackgroundThe incidence of facial skin cancers continues to rise, with major studies on their impacts still lacking in the literature. This study reports on the oncological and aesthetic results following surgical management of an orbito-palpebral skin cancer. MethodsThis retrospective, monocentric study included patients treated for a non-melanoma skin cancer of the eyelid and orbit. Risk factors, location, histological type, invaded or insufficient margins, healing time, surgical management by excision and direct closure, skin graft or local flaps, self-evaluated aesthetics, and quality of life results were all compared. ResultsThe study included 132 patients operated for basal cell carcinoma (71.9%), squamous cell carcinoma (22.9%), or for another type (5.2%) between November 2011 and January 2017. Average tumor size was 9.6 ± 6.3 mm. Surgical management resulted in excision and open healing (9.1%), excision and direct closure (3.9%), skin graft (31.1%), local flap (21.9%), or another type of reconstruction (3.0%). Significant links between invaded or insufficient margins and basal cell type (OR = 3.37, p = 0.014), tumor size over 7 mm (OR = 2.7, p = 0.011), double location (OR = 8.44, p = 0.04), flap-based reconstruction (OR = 0.290, p = 0.02), and female gender (OR = 0.418, p = 0.034) were reported throughout our multivariate analysis. ConclusionsThis study brings out consequential information on factors linked with invaded or insufficient excision margins. Larger cohorts should evaluate the aesthetic outcomes in such a population.