Types Of Transports Research Articles

Observation of Moment-Dependent and Field-Driven Unidirectional Magnetoresistance in CoFeB/InSb/CdTe Heterostructures.

Magnetoresistance effects are crucial for understanding the charge-spin transport as well as propelling the advancement of spintronic applications. Here, we report the coexistence of magnetic-moment-dependent (MD) and magnetic-field-driven (FD) unidirectional magnetoresistance (UMR) effects in CoFeB/InSb/CdTe heterostructures. The strong spin-orbital coupling of InSb and the matched impedance at the CoFeB/InSb interface warrant a distinct MD-UMR effect at room temperature, while the interaction between the in-plane magnetic field and the Rashba effect at the InSb/CdTe interface induces the marked FD-UMR signal that dominates the high-field region. Moreover, owning to different spin scattering mechanisms, these two types of non-reciprocal charge transports show opposite polarities with respect to the magnetic field direction, which further enables an effective phase modulation of the angular-dependent magnetoresistance. The demonstration of the tunable UMR response validates our CoFeB/InSb/CdTe system as a suitable integrated building block for multifunctional spintronic memory and sensor designs.

Accuracy of Prehospital Services' Estimated Time to Arrival for Ground Transport to the Emergency Department

BackgroundEmergency medical services (EMS) transporting patients to the emergency department (ED) typically call ahead to provide an estimated time to arrival (ETA). Accurate ETA facilitates ED preparation and resource allotment in anticipation of patient arrival. ObjectiveThe study purposed to determine the accuracy of ETA provided by EMS ground units. MethodsWe performed a single-center, prospective, observational study of ED patients arriving via EMS ground transport. The primary outcome was the time difference between EMS-reported ETA and actual time of arrival (ATA). The difference between ATA and ETA was compared using the two-sided Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test. Subgroup analysis was performed to evaluate ETA accuracy for specific types of transports and assess variability by month and time of day. ResultsWe included 1176 patient transports in the final analysis. The overall median difference ATA-ETA was 3 min (interquartile range 1–5 min) with a range of −26–48 minutes (Z = −25.139, p < 0.001). EMS underestimated ETA in 961 cases (81.7%), and 94 ETAs (8.0%) were accurate to within 1 min. The largest difference between ATA and ETA occurred between 07:00–07:59 and 16:00–16:59 (5 min, interquartile range 2–7). ConclusionOur data demonstrate that prehospital providers underestimate time to ED arrival in most ground transports; however, the median difference between estimated and actual time to arrival is small.

The landslide velocity

Abstract. Proper knowledge of velocity is required in accurately determining the enormous destructive energy carried by a landslide. We present the first, simple and physics-based general analytical landslide velocity model that simultaneously incorporates the internal deformation (nonlinear advection) and externally applied forces, consisting of the net driving force and the viscous resistant. From the physical point of view, the model represents a novel class of nonlinear advective–dissipative system, where classical Voellmy and inviscid Burgers' equations are specifications of this general model. We show that the nonlinear advection and external forcing fundamentally regulate the state of motion and deformation, which substantially enhances our understanding of the velocity of a coherently deforming landslide. Since analytical solutions provide the fastest, most cost-effective, and best rigorous answer to the problem, we construct several new and general exact analytical solutions. These solutions cover the wider spectrum of landslide velocity and directly reduce to the mass point motion. New solutions bridge the existing gap between negligibly deforming and geometrically massively deforming landslides through their internal deformations. This provides a novel, rapid, and consistent method for efficient coupling of different types of mass transports. The mechanism of landslide advection, stretching, and approaching the steady state has been explained. We reveal the fact that shifting, uplifting, and stretching of the velocity field stem from the forcing and nonlinear advection. The intrinsic mechanism of our solution describes the fascinating breaking wave and emergence of landslide folding. This happens collectively as the solution system simultaneously introduces downslope propagation of the domain, velocity uplift, and nonlinear advection. We disclose the fact that the domain translation and stretching solely depend on the net driving force, and along with advection, the viscous drag fully controls the shock wave generation, wave breaking, folding, and also the velocity magnitude. This demonstrates that landslide dynamics are architectured by advection and reigned by the system forcing. The analytically obtained velocities are close to observed values in natural events. These solutions constitute a new foundation of landslide velocity in solving technical problems. This provides practitioners with key information for instantly and accurately estimating the impact force that is very important in delineating hazard zones and for the mitigation of landslide hazards.

Aeromedical Transport of Critically Ill Patients: A Literature Review.

The aeromedical transport of critically ill patients has become an integral part of practicing medicine on a global scale. The development of reliable portable medical equipment allows physicians, emergency medical technicians, and nurses to transport wounded and diseased patients under constant critical care attention. Air transportation involves utilizing a fixed-wing (airplane) or rotor-wing (helicopter) aircraft to accomplish different types of transports ranging from scene responses to international transfers. The proper preparation and management of patients undergoing aeromedical transport require a basic understanding of the physiological changes and unique challenges encountered within the aircraft environment at 8,000 ft above sea level. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature and provide guidelines for approaching the aeromedical transportation of critically ill patients.

Managing Artificial Intelligence on Public Transportation (Case Study Jakarta City, Indonesia)

This research aims to study AI management and its implementation in the public transportation sector to accommodate the needs of Jakarta’s citizens. The basic framework used in this research is on analysis of case study transportation in Jakarta. Using a qualitative method with data collection from literature review and observation. Data analysis focuses on challenges and requirements needed to implement AI on public transportation to enhance urban mobility. Along with key AI management aspects discussed on 1) Source funding for AI in Mass Public Transport Project; 2) Reform Traditional Procurement Process; 3) Develop Unbiased AI; 4) Avoid the trap of over-relying on AI; 5) Develop Legal and Policy Framework. The purpose of this research is that it can contribute as a reference and recommendation for local government in making policy on AI and transportation in the future. Based on the research analysis, it is concluded that AI can address transportation problems in traffic management, traffic safety, public transportation, and urban mobility. However, AI implementation in Jakarta needs more improvement to ensure the system is integrated among many types of public transports, and improve its user-friendliness. It is recommended to develop a one-gate integrated application system to access all information on public transportation and to develop a legal and policy framework related to the applications.

Co-Estimation of State of Charge and Capacity for Lithium-Ion Batteries with Multi-Stage Model Fusion Method

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have emerged as the preferred energy storage systems for various types of electric transports, including electric vehicles, electric boats, electric trains, and electric airplanes. The energy management of LIBs in electric transports for all-climate and long-life operation requires the accurate estimation of state of charge (SOC) and capacity in real-time. This study proposes a multi-stage model fusion algorithm to co-estimate SOC and capacity. Firstly, based on the assumption of a normal distribution, the mean and variance of the residual error from the model at different ageing levels are used to calculate the weight for the establishment of a fusion model with stable parameters. Secondly, a differential error gain with forward-looking ability is introduced into a proportional–integral observer (PIO) to accelerate convergence speed. Thirdly, a fusion algorithm is developed by combining a multi-stage model and proportional–integral–differential observer (PIDO) to co-estimate SOC and capacity under a complex application environment. Fourthly, the convergence and anti-noise performance of the fusion algorithm are discussed. Finally, the hardware-in-the-loop platform is set up to verify the performance of the fusion algorithm. The validation results of different aged LIBs over a wide range of temperature show that the presented fusion algorithm can realize a high-accuracy estimation of SOC and capacity with the relative errors within 2% and 3.3%, respectively.

Discrete-event simulation of air traffic movements in the Mexican Metropolitan airspace

The saturation problem of Mexico City airport is a complex problem, due to several reasons, such as the number of passengers served and operations carried out, as well as the fact that it is located in a megalopolis with severe problems of ground connection in all types of transports. The use of mathematical and simulation models is a convenient option for assessing hypothetical situations, for example, with respect to whether air traffic management is improved when using the recently redefined metropolitan airport system. This study proposes a discrete-event simulation model to assess saturation in the Mexico City Metropolitan airspace, considering the currently installed capacity of the system’s airports, as well as the current airspace design above Mexico City’s metropolitan area.

Efficiency evaluation of usage the wig crafts on short voyages in Black Sea

Every day people try to find the cheapest and fastest type of transport, that can bring them or their goods from one place to another in shortest time. This article consist of showing the difference in usage efficiency between WIG crafts, airplane and bus on the way from Odessa to Istanbul and efficiency, which based on economic model, of transferring different types of cargoes on different types of transports depends of the time of the year.

A study of disaster preparedness of archives & museum in seismic zone - v, flood prone and conflict ridden Kashmir

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to develop a sense of urgency and utmost care for careful disaster management to encourage disaster preparedness for museums and archives.x In particular, this study examines the techniques and methods to be used for response and recovery from different disasters to save valuable resources.Design/methodology/approachA thorough review of literature was done to identify existing plans, strategies, preparedness and management of archives and museums. On the basis of the knowledge and experience gained, it was decided to use a descriptive method for this study. Among the different data collection modes available in the descriptive method, the study framed a structured questionnaire for the collection of data. Thereafter, the questionnaire was tested for loopholes by conducting a pilot study. The questionnaire evolved as such was used to collect data from select archives and museums. The collected data has been tabulated and analyzed in tune with the set objectives. The findings of this study have been correlated with relevant findings and conclusions of previous studies in this domain to provide a better overview and sanctify the revelations further.FindingsFrom the current study, the authors find that the topological location of most of the institutions is near or on river banks which is the cause of concern at the time of heavy rains, after heavy snow fall and at the time of floods. It was also found that the majority of these institutions are located near highways which is also a serious concern in terms of noise, smoke, dust and vibrations produced by the plying of different types of transports on these highways. These kinds of unwanted disturbances create a negative atmosphere on the holdings, visitors and staff of these institutions.Although all of the institutions have apparently strong looking buildings that are made up of good material, the matter of concern is that only one institution (SPS museum) has a building which was specifically made for the purpose. As the state of Jammu and Kashmir is politically and geographically unstable, it is found that most of the institutions are prone to disasters like floods, earthquake and bomb threats which pose a threat to these valuable institutions and their valuable holdings.The most necessary and important parameter that is the training of the staff for disaster preparedness is not provided in majority of these institutions.Despite the fact that funds for majority of these institutions are provided by the government, the funds provided are insufficient for having fool-proof disaster preparedness and management.Research limitations/implicationsBecause of tremendous significance of archives and museums in propagation and preservation of historical and cultural identity of any nation, culture, ethnicity or nation state, the current study sheds light on the status of these important institutions in a very important part of Central Asia. Kashmir in past has been the cradle of knowledge evolution and sharing in the region. As such, it possesses some of the very rare manuscripts and artifacts preserved in her archives and museums.Practical implicationsAs this study is limited to select archives and museums of Jammu and Kashmir, the findings of this study may or may not represent the wider region of Central Asia.

An Intertwined Network of Regulation Controls Membrane Permeability Including Drug Influx and Efflux in Enterobacteriaceae.

The transport of small molecules across membranes is a pivotal step for controlling the drug concentration into the bacterial cell and it efficiently contributes to the antibiotic susceptibility in Enterobacteriaceae. Two types of membrane transports, passive and active, usually represented by porins and efflux pumps, are involved in this process. Importantly, the expression of these transporters and channels are modulated by an armamentarium of tangled regulatory systems. Among them, Helix-turn-Helix (HTH) family regulators (including the AraC/XylS family) and the two-component systems (TCS) play a key role in bacterial adaptation to environmental stresses and can manage a decrease of porin expression associated with an increase of efflux transporters expression. In the present review, we highlight some recent genetic and functional studies that have substantially contributed to our better understanding of the sophisticated mechanisms controlling the transport of small solutes (antibiotics) across the membrane of Enterobacteriaceae. This information is discussed, taking into account the worrying context of clinical antibiotic resistance and fitness of bacterial pathogens. The localization and relevance of mutations identified in the respective regulation cascades in clinical resistant strains are discussed. The possible way to bypass the membrane/transport barriers is described in the perspective of developing new therapeutic targets to combat bacterial resistance.

SoftDC: software-based dynamically connected transport

RDMA is increasingly becoming popular not only in HPC but also in data centers where high throughput and low latency are critical requirements. RDMA supports several types of transports, each of which has different characteristics, so that users can choose the right one to meet their requirements. Reliable connected (RC) transport has advantages on usability but disadvantages on scalability while unreliable datagram (UD) transport is scalable but hard to use. Dynamically connected (DC) transport has been newly introduced to address these limitations when using one of the existing transports while delivering both usability and scalability. However, despite all of these merits, DC transport is not yet generally adopted in the related fields due to hardware dependency. To eliminate the hardware dependency, in this paper, we design and implement SoftDC, a totally software-based DC transport. SoftDC uses the basic RDMA primitives to emulate the behavior of DC transport; UD transport for connection and RC transport for data transfer. We build and evaluate a SoftDC transport-based application to prove its effectiveness compared with RC transport-based one. Our experimental results show that our scheme has potential to provide the advantages of both RC and UD transports although our prototype has large connection establishment costs that can be amortized across a large data transfer.

Air Medical Transportation of Injured Operational Canines

Operational canines (OpK9s) are frequently injured in the line of duty and may benefit from specialized medical transport, including air medical transport. Reports of such transports can be found in the popular press, but there is a lack of research aimed at quantifying and examining these transports. We sent a survey to 295 programs in the United States identified through the Atlas and Database of Air Medical Services database to inquire about OpK9 transports and program policies and procedures for these transports. Of those 295 programs, we received 147 responses with 15 programs reporting that they have transported at least 1 OpK9. Programs also provided insight into policies and procedures that they have established for these types of transports. Although not all air medical programs will choose to complete this type of transport, we recommend that those that do establish policies and procedures to prepare for successful transports.

Understanding of Void Formation in Cu/Sn-Sn/Cu System During Transient Liquid Phase Bonding Process Through Diffusion Modeling

Transient Liquid Phase (TPL) bounding of Sn foil sandwiched between two Cu foils involves, in the temperature range above the melting point of Sn (232 °C) and below 350 °C, the formation and the growth of two intermetallic compounds (IMCs) Cu6Sn5 and Cu3Sn and mostly unintended micro-pores. The present study aims to analyze the mechanism of void development during the soldering process through an experimental and modeling approach of diffusion-controlled IMC transformation. This modeling couples the diffusion process and the interface motion with the volume shrinkage induced by the difference of partial molar volumes of atoms between each phase. We also consider two types of inter-diffusion transports: (i) inter-diffusion based on the exchange of Cu and Sn atoms and (ii) inter-diffusion of Sn atoms with vacancies allowing Kirkendall void formation. The simulations of IMC growth performed correspond to a sequence of planar phase layers, where the distinctive scallop morphology of the Cu6Sn5 layer is described through an analytical function allowing to quantify the grain boundary diffusion pathway. We take into account of the volume diffusion mechanism for Cu3Sn intermetallic. For Cu6Sn5 intermetallic two mechanisms are considered, volume diffusion and grain boundary diffusion, limited by grain growth. The simulations of IMC growth kinetics, for different transport scenarios, are compared to the experimental evolving morphologies to determine the most likely mechanism of micro-void formation.

EVALUATION OF SCENARIOS OF AIR POLLUTANTS EMISSIONS BY THE AIRPORT EXPANSION AND ASSOCIATED INFRASTRUCTURE - CASE STUDY OF THE EXTENSION OF VIRACOPOS AIRPORT AT CAMPINAS, SÃO PAULO, BRAZIL

The development of the airport segment faces environmental externalities especially related to the increase in emissions of Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) from combustion of fossil fuels by the aircraft engine, by the machinery for the maintenance of the planes and also by the vehicles used for passengers connections (private cars, taxicabs or public transportation system). In this scope, the current work presents the case study of the expansion of the Viracopos International Airport at Campinas – São Paulo, Brazil. To evaluate that, the methodology of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was implemented to estimate the emissions of GHGs by aircraft for the years 2008 (before expansion), 2012 (current picture) and 2016 (future scenario) observing the changes in demand for passengers and cargo transportation. To evaluate the emissions from the vehicles it was used the AIMSUN microsimulation software to estimate emissions in the years 2012 and to simulate sensitivity scenarios for the year 2016. It was found that the inventory of CO2 emissions for both types of transports considered for Viracopos airport showed similar orders of magnitude, what can be inferred about the equivalent contribution of these two modes on emissions of GHGs for the study area. These results may serve as a basis for establishing emission management plans of air pollutants by the competent organizations and to propose more targeted and effective measures to reduce the GHG emissions by these sources.

EVALUATION OF SCENARIOS OF AIR POLLUTANTS EMISSIONS BY THE AIRPORT EXPANSION AND ASSOCIATED INFRASTRUCTURE - CASE STUDY OF THE EXTENSION OF VIRACOPOS AIRPORT AT CAMPINAS, SÃO PAULO, BRAZIL

The development of the airport segment faces environmental externalities especially related to the increase in emissions of Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) from combustion of fossil fuels by the aircraft engine, by the machinery for the maintenance of the planes and also by the vehicles used for passengers connections (private cars, taxicabs or public transportation system). In this scope, the current work presents the case study of the expansion of the Viracopos International Airport at Campinas – São Paulo, Brazil. To evaluate that, the methodology of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was implemented to estimate the emissions of GHGs by aircraft for the years 2008 (before expansion), 2012 (current picture) and 2016 (future scenario) observing the changes in demand for passengers and cargo transportation. To evaluate the emissions from the vehicles it was used the AIMSUN microsimulation software to estimate emissions in the years 2012 and to simulate sensitivity scenarios for the year 2016. It was found that the inventory of CO2 emissions for both types of transports considered for Viracopos airport showed similar orders of magnitude, what can be inferred about the equivalent contribution of these two modes on emissions of GHGs for the study area. These results may serve as a basis for establishing emission management plans of air pollutants by the competent organizations and to propose more targeted and effective measures to reduce the GHG emissions by these sources.

Comparison of Helicopter Emergency Medical Services Transport Types and Delays on Patient Outcomes at Two Level I Trauma Centers

Background: Helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS) have become an engrained component of trauma systems. In Ontario, transportation for trauma patients is through one of three ways: scene call, modified scene call, or interfacility transfer. We hypothesize that differences exist between these types of transports in both patient demographics and patient outcomes. This study compares the characteristics of patients transported by each of these methods to two level 1 trauma centers and assesses for any impact on morbidity or mortality. As a secondary outcome reasons for delay were identified. Methods: A local trauma registry was used to identify and abstract data for all patients transported to two trauma centers by HEMS over a 36-month period. Further chart abstraction using the HEMS patient care reports was done to identify causes of delay during HEMS transport. Results: During the study period HEMS transferred a total of 911 patients of which 139 were scene calls, 333 were modified scene calls and 439 were interfacility transfers. Scene calls had more patients with an ISS of less than 15 and had more patients discharged home from the ED. Modified scene calls had more patients with an ISS greater than 25. The most common delays that were considered modifiable included the sending physician doing a procedure, waiting to meet a land EMS crew, delays for diagnostic imaging and confirming disposition or destination. Conclusions: Differences exist between the types of transports done by HEMS for trauma patients. Many identified reasons for delay to HEMS transport are modifiable and have practical solutions. Future research should focus on solutions to identified delays to HEMS transport. Key words: helicopter emergency medical services; trauma; prehospital care; delays

EVALUATION OF SCENARIOS OF AIR POLLUTANTS EMISSIONS BY THE AIRPORT EXPANSION AND ASSOCIATED INFRASTRUCTURE - CASE STUDY OF THE EXTENSION OF VIRACOPOS AIRPORT AT CAMPINAS, SÃO PAULO, BRAZIL

The development of the airport segment faces environmental externalities especially related to the increase in emissions of Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) from combustion of fossil fuels by the aircraft engine, by the machinery for the maintenance of the planes and also by the vehicles used for passengers connections (private cars, taxicabs or public transportation system). In this scope, the current work presents the case study of the expansion of the Viracopos International Airport at Campinas – Sao Paulo, Brazil. To evaluate that, the methodology of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was implemented to estimate the emissions of GHGs by aircraft for the years 2008 (before expansion), 2012 (current picture) and 2016 (future scenario) observing the changes in demand for passengers and cargo transportation. To evaluate the emissions from the vehicles it was used the AIMSUN microsimulation software to estimate emissions in the years 2012 and to simulate sensitivity scenarios for the year 2016. It was found that the inventory of CO2 emissions for both types of transports considered for Viracopos airport showed similar orders of magnitude, what can be inferred about the equivalent contribution of these two modes on emissions of GHGs for the study area. These results may serve as a basis for establishing emission management plans of air pollutants by the competent organizations and to propose more targeted and effective measures to reduce the GHG emissions by these sources.

Mixing and segregation of wheat bran and vegetable pieces binary mixtures in fluidized and fluid-spout beds for atmospheric freeze-drying

ABSTRACTThe segregation of binary mixtures of nonfood wheat bran and vegetables at different levels of dryness was studied by simulating different stages of the atmospheric freeze-drying by immersion in an adsorbent material process. It was characterized using a new set of four indices, which allow to evaluate not only the segregation level but also the segregation pattern. The mixing performance was evaluated in a fluidized bed (considering also the effect of air superficial velocity) as well as in a spout-fluid bed; peas, carrot disks, and potato slabs were used as food products. In general, it was found that food material segregates toward the bed bottom during the first stages of the drying process in fluidized beds, which translates in a poor contact product-adsorbent. On the contrary, uniform mixing patterns were observed in the spout-fluid bed, for the beginning and final stages of the process. On the other hand, despite the very low cost of nonfood wheat bran and its compatibility with food materials, it presents a channeling fluidization as a consequence of the cohesive properties of its particles. This behavior was also characterized by video analysis in two different fluidized beds. A channel generation and collapse general cycle were highlighted, whose frequency and channel characteristics depend on the air superficial velocity. In addition, three main types of food particle transports were identified: passive (downward), active (upward), and particle-blocking effects. These findings allowed to explain segregation phenomena in these kinds of binary mixtures.

Prehospital Indicators for Disaster Preparedness and Response: New York City Emergency Medical Services in Hurricane Sandy.

We aimed to evaluate emergency medical services (EMS) data as disaster metrics and to assess stress in surrounding hospitals and a municipal network after the closure of Bellevue Hospital during Hurricane Sandy in 2012. We retrospectively reviewed EMS activity and call types within New York City's 911 computer-assisted dispatch database from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2013. We evaluated EMS ambulance transports to individual hospitals during Bellevue's closure and incremental recovery from urgent care capacity, to freestanding emergency department (ED) capability, freestanding ED with 911-receiving designation, and return of inpatient services. A total of 2,877,087 patient transports were available for analysis; a total of 707,593 involved Manhattan hospitals. The 911 ambulance transports disproportionately increased at the 3 closest hospitals by 63.6%, 60.7%, and 37.2%. When Bellevue closed, transports to specific hospitals increased by 45% or more for the following call types: blunt traumatic injury, drugs and alcohol, cardiac conditions, difficulty breathing, "pedestrian struck," unconsciousness, altered mental status, and emotionally disturbed persons. EMS data identified hospitals with disproportionately increased patient loads after Hurricane Sandy. Loss of Bellevue, a public, safety net medical center, produced statistically significant increases in specific types of medical and trauma transports at surrounding hospitals. Focused redeployment of human, economic, and social capital across hospital systems may be required to expedite regional health care systems recovery. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:333-343).

The role of variability in transport for large-scale flow dynamics

We develop a framework to study the role of variability in transport across a kinematically-defined boundary defined as a streamline in a reference flow. Two complementary schemes are presented: a graphical approach appropriate for analyzing specific cases of variability, and an analytical approach for analyzing the effect of general fluid properties on variability. Spatio-temporal nonlinear interaction between dynamic variability and the reference flow leads to flux variability that governs the transport processes. A characteristic length-scale of dynamic and flux variability can be expressed with the units of time using the flight time of the trajectory along the kinematically defined boundary. The characteristic time-scale of the flux variability is that of dynamic variability with the units of time. The non-dimensional ratio of the two characteristic scales is shown to be a critical parameter for evaluating the effectiveness of variability on transport. The pseudo-lobe sequence along the reference streamline describes spatial coherency of transport. The emergence of the pseudo-lobe sequence is likely to be synchronous with the flux variability. Once a pseudo-lobe sequence is formed, the characteristic length-scale of the flux variability regulates the width of the pseudo-lobes. In contrast, for transport over a fixed time interval and spatial segment, the characteristic time-scale of the dynamic variability regulates the width of the pseudo-lobes. Using a kinematic model, we demonstrate the framework for two types of transports in a blocked flow of the mid-latitude atmosphere: across the meandering jet axis and between the jet and recirculation cell.