Types Of Small Businesses Research Articles

Systematic Review: Leadership Style in Maintaining Business Sustainability in the MSME Industry

Leadership style is the way a leader chooses to direct or coordinate the work that will be given to his subordinates. The leadership style chosen by a leader depends on the goals of the organization or company, who is being led, and the type of business led by the leader. Systematic review using the Google Scholar database. Search results using the keyword leadership style in maintaining business continuity in the MSME industry" using the Google Scholar electronic data base. After carrying out an analysis based on a complete composition, namely 5 articles used in this article. The results of this research show that there are many types of leadership styles, but the choice of leadership style depends on the situation and conditions of the organization or business being led. The types of leadership styles include democratic leadership style, authoritarian leadership style and leadership styles that are appropriate to current conditions, namely transactional and transformational. MSMEs are a type of small business that also requires a leadership style that is appropriate to the type of business and the goals of the business to maintain the stability or sustainability of the business. Leadership style is a method or tactic used by a leader to direct and coordinate activities in an organization so that organizational goals are expected to be achieved.

Working capital management routines in small German craft businesses: an empirical study of the drivers of implementation

Using data from a survey of small German craft businesses, this article sheds light on the drivers of working capital management (WCM) efforts of small enterprises and their relation with performance. Unlike previous studies, this article explicitly investigates the routines small firms undertake to manage their working capital (WC). Based on the argumentation of asset orchestration theory, factor and cluster analysis are applied to identify four distinct types of small businesses with regard to their WCM approach. Thereupon, several regression analyses are applied to identify the drivers of this differentiation. The results determine financial education and skill of individual personnel as the main driver of WCM routine implementation in small businesses. Firm age, willingness to grow in size, and ease of access to external funding are also affecting WCM undertakings. Considering performance, evidence indicates a positive association between the implementation of WCM routines and both liquidity and profitability.

Pengembangan Nata de Coco ala UD Citra Rasa

Micro, small and medium enterprises or MSMEs refer to the types of small businesses that have a net worth of at most Rp. 200 million, excluding land and buildings where the business is located. MSMEs have proven to be resilient and able to withstand the economic crisis and monetary crisis in Indonesia. This paper aims to analyze UD Nata de Coco Citarasa in Bogor. The method used is descriptive qualitative analysis with a case study approach, observation and interviews. The result is . which is named the image of the taste of nata de coco, with the results of my interview with the owner that UD Nata de Coco is managed with a very simple management. Starting from the production process to marketing, and the production process is still using manually, there are no modern machines. Only use the tools in the kitchen in the production process. Marketing of their products is still not widespread, only by selling to small shophouses, and using word of mouth information, not using a separate website such as online sales. As a home-based business, financial management is still modest, not yet systematically following accounting standards. The financial reports are still integrated with the family finances.

Peran E-commerce dalam Meningkatkan Resiliensi Bisnis diera Pandemi

Online business based on E-commerce has long been known since before the Covid-19 pandemic, as evidenced by 15.08% of business people have used digital platforms in developing their businesses. E-commerce is a public need that has increased drastically during the Covid-19 pandemic. E-commerce platform users increased by 38.3% as long as social policies were implemented. This study aims to analyze the role of E-commerce in maintaining business during an economic recession. The research method used is literature review. The results of the discussion show that the types of small businesses and MSMEs are sectors that are quite affected by Covid-19 . The business sector will not be able to survive a period of economic recession if it does not adapt to technological developments towards the online market. E-commerce is key in the creation of an online market, so that it can mediate interactions between producers or sellers and consumers. E-commerce can maintain a balance of production and consumption because trading activities are maintained over a long distance. This balance can encourage economic growth in a more positive direction. E-commerce is able to help business actors to maintain their business activities, as well as to help consumers maintain purchasing power to meet their needs.

Small business success: Identifying safety hazards and safety risks.

The establishment and growth of the small businesses in South Africa is of vital importance for economic stability and progress in the economy. A key small business management skill comprises occupational health and safety management, with particular reference to the proper identification of safety hazards and safety risks. This conceptual article set out to identify current perceptions about the concepts of safety, safety risks and safety hazards in the workplace while also identifying and analysing misconceptions regarding safety hazards. This article reports on a secondary data analysis of relevant literature on safety hazards and safety risk and the role thereof on small business success. The structure and functioning of the interrelated characteristics of safety hazards were visualised, with the objective of allowing small business owners or managers to understand how safety hazards contribute to safety risks. Proper identification of safety hazards and safety risks, along with adequate protection measures, allows for improved productivity and a reduction in operational costs. Safety hazards in the workplace, encompassing the functional and structural characteristics, such as humans and machinery, should be noted by small business owners, as applicable to all types of businesses. This article may serve as a catalyst for small business success through growth and sustainability by implementing enhanced safety management practices based on an accurate identification and analysis of safety hazards and safety risks. It allows for the identification and proactive mitigation of safety hazards and safety risks in all types of small businesses.

Small business owner’s perception of the value and impacts of sport tourism on a destination

Sports tourism is perceived to bring significant benefits to a community hosting a sporting event. This purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions of small business owners, who are also residents of a community, on the economic, environmental and social cultural impacts of sports tourism. The results uncovered the level of support for sports tourism among small business owners varied based on the type of small business. This study is an important contribution to the literature and has significant implications for destination marketing organizations, tourism planners, and sport tournament organizers attracting and planning sport events in cities.

Work-Family Issues Among Self-Employed Married Women

Purpose: This study examined work-family, work domain, and satisfaction differences between self-employed married women (N=206) who were independently self-employed (ISE) and those who owned a business with employees (Owners). Design/Methodology/Approach: ANOVAs and multiple regressions were used to identify differences on the study variables between ISEs and Owners. Findings: ISEs were significantly more likely to report higher flexibility in managing work and family, that their schedule met their needs, and have higher job satisfaction. Owners reported significantly higher work interfering with family (WIF), work hours, and were more likely to attend to work demands over family demands. Regression analysis revealed differential predictors of WIF for ISEs and Owners. Schedule fit, work hours, and depression were significant for ISEs. Life satisfaction was significant for Owners. Research Limitations: The identification of self-employed individuals as well as those who were ISEs or Owners was based on single questions. How individuals became self-employed cannot be addressed. The smaller sample size for Owners is a concern but it reflects the reality that ISE is a more accessible to many women. Originality/Value: The findings indicate that work-family issues and other variables are related to the type of small business for married women. There are similarities and differences between these two groups of married women.

The Role of Direct Marketing in the Development of Russian Small Business

In conditions of intense competition in a crowded market, when the struggle is for each customer and the products are customized for a very narrow marketing niche, the use of generally accepted marketing brand communications in small business is tantamount to ruin. The article substantiates that creating a brand should not be the goal of a small business, but should be an enjoyable side effect of direct marketing. The main idea of the article is that a multiple increase in prices for goods and services is possible without significant growth in the cost price in small companies by selecting the most highly profitable customers, creating an individualized marketing message and selecting the relevant message channel. The author cites some aspects of direct marketing tools, given the high information noise in the media and the "advertising blindness" of potential customers. The article contains recommendations for various types of small businesses on the use of classic offline direct marketing tools.

Motivations for entrepreneurship in the tourism and hospitality sector: A social cognitive theory perspective

A critical examination of the literature suggests that further work is needed to understand the relationship between small tourism and hospitality businesses and their external social-economic environments. In particular, the nature of personal and environmental factors influencing tourism entrepreneurship remains unknown. Focusing on one type of small business, guest houses, this study aims to examine entrepreneurs’ motivations from a dynamic perspective and explore the nature of personal and environmental factors affecting motivations for entrepreneurship. Taking a qualitative approach, four patterns of change in (or maintenance of) motivation are identified. Guided by social cognitive theory, this study finds that, among the relevant personal factors are cognitive beliefs, intrinsic needs, and demographic factors, while the environmental facilitators include changes in the tourism market, changes within the industry, and changes in setting/location. Finally, a model of small business operators’ motivations for engaging in entrepreneurship in the tourism and hospitality sector is proposed.

Cloud computing technology: improving small business performance using the Internet

Cloud computing technology (CCT) is a revolutionary new way of leveraging the power of the Internet to provide software and infrastructure solutions to businesses around the world. 2017 is predicted to be a major breakout year for this technology, with many organizations small and large making a shift to this platform. Employing this technology empowers communication between companies and has the potential to generate significant financial and operational benefits for small businesses. The key objective of this article is to propose a conceptual model for successful implementation of CCT in small businesses. This article also examines some of the potential benefits of CCT as applied to small businesses and explores implementation challenges that can be expected. Furthermore, this study reviews key attributes of successful CCT and illustrates some of the routes that might be taken to implement this technology in small businesses. Finally, this article examines the specific application of CCT to small businesses, highlights developing technologies and trends, investigates the deployment of CCT in different types of small businesses, and provides a case example of success.

How Entrepreneurship Education Programs Affect the Development of Small Businesses in Russia: Empirical Analysis in Regional Contexts

The article presents the results from studying the engagement of Russians insupplementary professional and business education programs and investigates the influence of such engagement on small business development in the socioeconomic contexts of different regions of Russia. The study goes from comparing the number of students enrolled in supplementary professional and business education programs of various duration across regions, through analysing the correlations between the demand for specific types of programs and the development of different business subsectors under region-specific socioeconomic conditions, to analysing entrepreneurship education as a growth driver for particular types of small businesses in specific contexts. The study tests hypotheses about the engagement of Russians in business education being contingent on the regional context and about the influence of different forms of business education on the development of various types of business undertakings. Empirical data on three types of region-specific socioeconomic contexts reveals a significant correlation between engagement in supplementary professional and business education programs and the development level of small businesses, microbusinesses, and entrepreneurship (in its routine and innovative versions). The three clusters of regional units homogeneous in their socioeconomic contexts were determined using a multidimensional typology.The findings allow for evaluating the role of the national education system in promoting business activities among the population based on reliable and relevant statistical information consistent with the international standards as well as measuring the effectiveness of business education programs and promotion strategies in various regional contexts. The article puts forward recommendations on choosing the types of entrepreneurship education to deliver at different levels of the education system in Russia.

Use of functional approach for effective management and expense tracking or restaurant business enterprises

The condition of the restaurant business in Ukraine has been studied, and this study showed that at present, many enterprises of the restaurant business cannot stand competition and close down in the context of crisis, high level of inflation, drop of income level of the population. However, the restaurant business is one of the most widespread types of small businesses both in Ukraine and in the world, so the basic directions of its improvement are specified in the article. It is proved that in spite of the large number of scientific papers and publications, the problematic issues of cost accounting at the enterprises of restaurant economy remain unsolved to the full extent. We investigated the role and place of distribution costs and production costs in the circulation of capital and defined their substantive content. It is proved that the activities and internal characteristics of any enterprise better reveal in the functions performed in it that requires a certain amount of time and resource expenses. Therefore, there is a direct link between the cost values for the realization of its common functions, size of the enterprise, features of its activity, sectoral affiliation, that answers the question about the sources of expenses. We suggested a functional and cost-based structure of restaurant business enterprises, recommended classification of expenditure of catering business enterprises, depending on the types of economic activity and enterprise management objectives, which is the basis for the introduction of functional reporting of expenses enterprises restaurant business and calculation of production costs at restaurant business enterprises, and which is also necessary for organization of managerial accounting.

ECOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL BUSINESS

Small business represents a significant scope of modern national economy, an integral part of the private sector. In most countries, it accounts for 35-70% of GDP. Clozhivshayasya state system of support of small business in Russia as a whole is adequate to Russia's current institutional macro environment. The reasons hindering the development of this sector. The article deals with a type of small business - environmental development of small business. The development of eco-oriented small businesses can afford to significantly change the ecological situation in the country, improve the environment and use of natural resources. The main directions of development of the ecological development of small business.

Supermarkets Vs Small kirana stores

With the emergence of supermarkets, kirana stores have been depleting day by day. Government is in the grave situation to decide whether to allow 50% FDI or not in the retail sector. There are certain retail outlets such as Walmart, Metro which are better in quality, cheaper in rates, and offering a range and variety of products under one roof. These malls have entered in India but they are into cash and carry business only and not in the multi brand retail sector. Many of them have entered through joint ventures. If government allow them to enter in India, it can be said that all the small shops and kirana stores will not be able to stand in the market. They cannot compete with them. Now the question arise how the kirana stores can be saved from these big giants in the market. It is the need of the hour today to save these kirana stores because in a developing country like India where the income of an average man is low, such types of small business can make them able to earn their living. The present research is an attempt to find out the weaknesses of kirana stores as compared to the malls and to find out the solutions for the betterment of the stores. The research is conducted on various kirana stores in Punjab. The study identifies the problems being faced by kirana merchants such as recovery of credit, inventory management, goodwill in terms of quality, low space, and lack of variety etc. But during the research it has been found out that there are certain areas where these kirana stores have an edge over the market such as emotional attachment with the customer, to fulfil the timely need of credit of the customer, easy availability etc. It is concluded that both kirana stores and malls are important to the Indian economy. FDI is important for the growth of the economy but it should come for the rescue of the existing business and not as a threat. Secondly government intervention is seeked to make improvements in the functioning of the kirana stores. If kirana stores starts using their strategic advantages to the optimum level, they can make can make their existence strong in the market.

Applying a real-world fraud to multiple learning objectives: Considerations and an example from the systems course

Abstract Well-designed and delivered teaching cases are of significant educational value. Additionally, a real-world situation described as an entertaining story holds student interest and increases attention. But turning such a story into an effective instructional case can be a daunting task for many instructors. This paper reports on an actual real-world fraud involving theft of almost half a million dollars from a familiar type of small business. The details of the situation provide a rich supply of content adaptable to not one, but numerous, major topics found in many accounting courses in systems, internal control, and even perhaps auditing. This supply of “raw material” can be utilized by instructors to create numerous educational cases tailored to the individual needs of their students and courses. The extensive literature on educational case usage contains sources providing suggestions to assist instructors in effective case development. Examples are also provided of how one instructor applied the fraud’s “story” to several learning objectives in an undergraduate AIS course to create a set of instructional cases, providing significant economies of scale for both instructor and student.

Are freelancers a neglected form of small business?

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that freelancing is neglected by researchers as a form of small business activity. It aims to consider whether it is possible and useful for researchers to distinguish freelancers from other types of small business owner.Design/methodology/approachThe paper does this in three ways: first, by conceptualising freelance status; second, by examining the research literature on freelance workers; and, third, by estimating the size of the UK freelance workforce to demonstrate their importance.FindingsThe definition proposed permits identification of many types of freelancer hitherto neglected by researchers. Freelancers are a large and growing proportion of the UK business stock and the recent recession has led to a further expansion.Originality/valueGiven the size and distinctiveness of the freelance workforce, researchers might explore the similarities and differences between freelancers and other small business owners with regard to: their motivations for starting and continuing to operate on a freelance basis; experiences of business ownership and management; the heterogeneity of the freelance workforce; and the wider social, economic and political causes and consequences of freelance working.

The Evolving Relationship between Community Banks and Small Businesses: Evidence from the Surveys of Small Business Finances

This paper uses data from the Federal Reserve Board's 1998 and 2003 Surveys of Small Business Finances (SSBFs) to examine the evolving relationship between community banks and small businesses. The SSBFs provide extensive data on the types of financial services used by small businesses and the sources of those services. These data allow us to answer a number of interesting questions regarding small business usage of community banks, including the following: To what extent do small businesses rely on community banks as providers of at least some financial services? What types of financial services are small businesses most likely to obtain from a community bank? What types of small businesses are most likely to obtain some or all of their financial services from a community bank? How have the answers to these questions changed between 1998 and 2003? In addition to providing detailed descriptions of the patterns of community bank usage observed in the data, we develop a simple reduced form model that uses both firm and local banking market characteristics to explain these patterns. We test a number of hypotheses regarding the extent to which community banks and larger banks differ with respect to the types of financial services provided to small businesses and the types of firms served. Finally, we discuss the implications of our findings for the future of community banking.

“One Size Fits All”—Small Business and Competitive Legal Forms

This article examines the proposals of the Company Law Review Steering Group (CLRSG) and the subsequent Government White Paper in relation to small, closely-held businesses and evaluates them in the light of the nature and needs of this heterogeneous sector. It suggests that some types of deregulation attempting to cater for particular types of firm can actually introduce complexity (‘complex deregulation’). The article argues that, given the variety of businesses in this sector, and the dynamic nature of small businesses, a ‘one size fits all’ approach which starts small but can be adapted as a business grows (and also if it shrinks) is preferable to an attempt at precise tailoring of legal forms for different types of small business. In conclusion, it is maintained that the proposed reforms for small businesses are helpful and the fact that they are not radical is not necessarily a serious defect. The main criticism levelled at the Company Law Review (CLR) exercise is that the opportunity was not taken to examine thoroughly the role of limited liability for small firms and to consider the entire range of legal forms available to the small business and the relationship of these forms to each other. If we confine the examination to UK company law, however, we see that it is already flexible and sets up few barriers to entry for small firms operating in the UK. The proposals made by the CLR, as adapted by the White Paper, will maintain the attractiveness of the UK as a base for small businesses without, for the most part, removing creditor and minority protection as more radical changes might do.

An Examination of Entrepreneurship in Liaoning, China

The purpose of this paper is to examine types of small businesses in Liaoning, China and whether those small business firms are innovative, strategic, opportunistic, and ready to make changes. The paper reports results of a survey to highlight areas where continued growth in enterprise development could be further enhanced. Based on the survey results we can conclude that: the reforms of the last decade and onehalf explained and further accentuated the decentralized nature of administration in China, which has had profound implications for the development of the non-state sector. The success of China’s reform efforts is attributable to impressive growth of the non-state sector during the past decade and one-half, particularly of the collectives, individual businesses, and such other businesses as township and village enterprises. Much of the growth of the non-state owned sector has been in the light manufacturing and service industries. Chinese entrepreneurs of nonstate firms are people of intensive activity with a high level of entrepreneurial propensity. The ability to think and be innovative, strategic, opportunistic, and be able to make efficient and rational changes enabled them to succeed at all stages of development. The basic premise is that the entrepreneurial personality is important is shaping a venture and the COSI type personality has contributed to the success of the new ventures. This paper confirms that an entrepreneur’s personality has a decisive impact on a new venture creation and development.

Improving Marketing Communication & Innovation Strategies in the Small Business Context

This paper is derived from another which was awarded the bestpaper prize at the 9th International Entrepreneurship Conference. Its theme is that while inventions and innovations make significant contributions to the growth and competitiveness of national economies, there are problems in the U.K. surrounding independent inventors (often a small, one person business) and their marketing, where there has been failure to stimulate and exploit inventions compared to other industrialised countries. There are long term implications for economic competitiveness when new ideas are lost. Organisations pursue innovations as an important route in the search for competitive advantage, but this route is fraught with difficulties for independent inventors in getting organisations to accept their products and to market them. This paper reports from and builds on an earlier study from a small business perspective which focuses, firstly, on the importance of capitalising on this source of embryonic talent and secondly, the problems within the marketing communication process between potential adopter marketing organisations and independent inventors. A purposive, non-random sample was drawn, consisting of prominent independent inventors (exemplars of good practice) who marketed both nationally and internationally and the potential adopter manufacturing and marketing organisations (customers). Trade associations with a role in facilitating the adoption process were also contacted. The method of enquiry in the study was by personal and telephone interviews. The findings from these three different groups seem to suggest that stereotypical views of independent inventors held by potential business adopters coupled with the often weak marketing communications and interpersonal skills reportedly possessed by independent inventors present very real barriers to the adoption of new ideas by the business community. The paper concludes that small businesses may be better placed to "exploit" ideas from independent inventors by virtue of their simpler organisational structure. Recommendations for the improvement of strategies to facilitate adoption of inventions with commercial potential are made for both types of small businesses (inventors and small business adopters).