Rotation Type Research Articles

Rice Production and Nitrogen Use Efficiency by Diverse Forms of Fertilization in Rice-Based Crop Rotation Systems

The rising demand for climate change mitigation has brought attention to agricultural systems focused on carbon farming and reducing emissions. Composting food wastes and livestock manure not only mitigates environmental concerns but also boosts soil fertility and crop yields as an alternative fertilizer. In this experiment, we investigated the effects of different fertilizer types (chemical and organic waste compost) and crop rotations (rice–fallow, rice–Italian ryegrass, and rice–potato) on rice production, nitrogen use efficiency, and soil carbon stocks. In this experiment, soil carbon and nitrogen retention were more influenced by compost nutrient levels than by crop rotation types. Overall, as the nitrogen levels increased, the rice yields improved with both chemical and organic waste fertilizers. Among the crop rotations, the rice–Italian ryegrass rotation showed a higher nitrogen use efficiency. Optimal fertility levels, balancing nitrogen use efficiency, yield, and soil carbon were observed between 523 and 582 kg N ha−1 when combined with specific crop rotations. Moreover, soil total carbon and soil total nitrogen varied among crop rotation systems. Our results indicate that organic waste compost can be a potential alternative to chemical fertilizers, while crop rotations offer a viable approach for maximizing the environmental benefits.

The Effect of Special Exercises for The Arm at Different Angles Using Rubber Ropes Distinguished by The Speed, Speed and Accuracy of The Front Spiral for Table Juniors in Sweden

The science of sports training always seeks to raise the level in various sports activities in general and in table tennis in particular through the use of scientific methods in the training process, which constitute the cornerstone in developing physical abilities and skill performance. Special exercises contribute significantly to the development of physical abilities and the speed of skill performance, especially in the forward spiral strikes, by following the path of the arm movement, the type of rotation, and the speed of the stroke. Also, the type of hit executed and the player’s distance from the table will largely determine the angle of the playing arm, and the position of the arm angle must be according to the goal of the hit. Coaches stress the importance of the arm angle at the moment the ball is struck to the player near the table being (90) degrees at Almost attached. From here, the research problem crystallized, as it was observed that there was a decrease in the level of performance of the skill of the forward spiral strike close to the table and at an angle of approximately (90) degrees, which is considered very important for the player when he faces a spiral strike close or far from the table from the opponent. The reason for this is attributed to the fact that most players do not They realize the importance of the relationship between the player’s stance at the table and the angle of the striking arm, that is, not employing and investing in the mechanical foundations related to the angle of the striking arm. The researchers used the descriptive and experimental approach by designing the two groups with a pre-post measurement system for the occasion and nature of the study, cinematography, and analysis of bio-kinematic variables using the Kinovea program. The research sample was chosen intentionally from a team from the Swedish club IFK Lund Bord tennis under the age of 16 years. The most important results that were reached were For her; The positive effect of exercises using rubber ropes on developing strength characterized by speed, as well as the speed and accuracy of the ball in the post-tests of the experimental group compared to the control group. The researchers have made several recommendations, including conducting similar research through which the player’s ability to develop how to invest physical and biomechanical abilities in other skills in the sport of table tennis can be developed. The researchers used the descriptive and experimental approach by designing the two groups with a pre-post measurement system for the occasion and nature of the study, cinematography, and analysis of bio-kinematic variables using the Kinovea program. The research sample was chosen intentionally from a team from the Swedish club IFK Lund Bord tennis under the age of 16 years. The most important results that were reached were For her; The positive effect of exercises using rubber ropes on developing strength characterized by speed, as well as the speed and accuracy of the ball in the post-tests of the experimental group compared to the control group. The researchers have made several recommendations, including conducting similar research through which the player’s ability to develop how to invest physical and biomechanical abilities in other skills in the sport of table tennis can be ...

ANFIS‐based controlled spherical rotator with quadrant photodiode to improve position detection accuracy

AbstractThe authors aim to build a theoretical system for calibrating the position detection of a single quadrant photodiode (QPD) attached to 2D rotators and to suppress noise using a Sugeno‐type fuzzy inference system. According to the results, if the original ANFIS network (NWo) is trained under the conditions of resolution (rso), traing samples (No), and the possibility of random noise (po) and presented as {original, rso, No, po}, with the #X testing case presented as {case #X, rsx, Nx, px}, case #X is expected to be the all‐pass case of the two root‐mean‐squared error criteria under the conditions of rsx ≥ rso and px ≤ po. Thus, the measurement accuracy is improved without tracking historical data. Furthermore, the two conditions indicate the limitations of the proposed ANFIS‐based method. These conditions can be employed to save time and money. If a company produces many types of QPD rotators with different values of rs, the engineers can optimise the design to train the ANFIS network with only one case with the smallest rs and a larger p for all types of QPD rotators with any value of rs and p. This demonstrates the potential industrial application of the proposed method.

Rotation Type Blended Learning Model for Student Athletes

Sports Education and Training Center is the main program organized by Ministry of Youth and Sports. This program focuses on developing student athletes at the secondary school level in various regions which includes a number of activities and is designed with the aim of improving student sports performance. The dual role of sports and academics that PPLOP student athletes have is a unique combination but has an impact on their learning achievements and is one of the problems that must be solved by schools. This research examines the readiness of schools to implement rotation-based Blended Learning for PPLOP student athletes at SMA Negeri 3 Serang Banten. This type of research is qualitative with a descriptive approach. The results of the research show that: Planning for the implementation of rotation type blended learning for PPLOP student athletes at SMAN 3 Serang Banten, Implementation of rotation type blended learning for PPLOP student athletes at SMAN 3 Serang Banten, Evaluation of the implementation of rotation type blended learning for student athletes at PPLOP

Crop rotation and green manure type enhance organic carbon fractions and reduce soil arsenic content

Green manure incorporation has recently emerged as a promising strategy for mitigating heavy metals (HMs) contamination and enhancing soil quality. However, there are still many uncertainties regarding the effects of crop rotation and the type of incorporated green manure on soil organic carbon fractions and arsenic (As) mitigation in As-contaminated soil. Thus, a two-phase experiment was conducted to determine the effects of crop rotation and green manure type on the distribution of organic carbon fractions and As accumulation in soil and brown rice plants. It was found that green manure incorporation increases soil nutrient content with an increase in total carbon of 18.64 %, 18.10 %, and 19.83 % under BC-R, AS-R, and LP-R respectively, and enhances organic carbon fractions. Furthermore, soil As concentration was significantly decreased by green manure incorporation for 20.65 %, 20.02 % and 19.99 % under BC-R, AS-R and LP-R respectively while As concentration in brown rice various parts was under permissible limits. This study highlights the complex interactions between green manure-brown rice rotation and green manure incorporation on soil organic carbon fractions, and As content in soil and brown rice, and emphasizes further research to elucidate optimal cultivation strategies of continuous crop rotation and green manure incorporation for sustainable remediation of As-contaminated soils while ensuring food safety.

Is a cork a legal shortcut? – A comparison of the measured and assumed amount of rotation in freestyle tricks

ABSTRACT In snowboard freestyle disciplines, the amount of rotation is commonly determined as the sum of rotations around all board axes and is the most important indicator of the trick difficulty across all snowboard freestyle disciplines. Based on the type of rotation, tricks can be classified as flatspins, corks and flips. It is not yet known whether the type of rotation of a trick can influence the actual amount of rotation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the amount of deviation, defined as difference between measured and assumed amount of rotation as a function of trick classification, using kinematic motion analysis. The amount of deviation was positive for flatspins (median: 21°; min: −4°; max: 49°) and negative for corks (median: −25°; min: −89°; max: 12°) and flips (median: −28°; min: −94°; max: 13°). Our results demonstrate that there are ways of execution where riders perform corks and flips with a shortcut and flatspins with a detour. This should be taken into account by judges, coaches and riders. Further research is needed to investigate how the shortcut can be influenced.

Identifikasi Bidang Gelincir Zona Rawan Longsor di Kawasan Wisata Puncak Taruko Kabupaten Agam Menggunakan Metode Geolistrik Resistivitas

A research has been conducted to identify the surface of rupture plane in Puncak Taruko area, Agam Regency, West Sumatra Province using 2-dimensional resistivity geoelectric method of Wenner-Schlumberger Configuration. Data collection was carried out on three tracks with track lengths of 80, 100 and 100 m and 5 m electrode spacing. The research area is a plateau with a slope of up to 40º which is directly adjacent to the very steep cliffs of Sianok Canyon with a cliff height of 30-100m. Data processing was carried out using Res2dinv software to display a 2-dimensional image of the subsurface layer structure based on the resistivity values measured in the field. In the cross section of the mapping results in the three tracks, 4 rock layers were identified, namely clay, sand, tuff and granite. The interpretation results show that the sliding plane on each track is tuff. For Track 1 with a depth of 3,75-15,9m, for track 2 it is 5,15-19,8 m and a depth of 6,38-19,8 m for track 3. Based on the interpretation of 2D image results, the area of track 1 and 2 has a translational avalanche type and the area of track 3 has a rotational avalanche type. Based on the depth and thickness of the slide field, the greatest risk of landslide is on track 3.

Multifunctional evaluation and multiscenario regulation of non-grain farmlands from the grain security perspective: Evidence from the Wuhan Metropolitan Area, China

Non-grain production (NGP) represents a complex social phenomenon driven by a range of interests that involve agricultural development, livelihood security, and ecological preservation. It significantly alters the structure of agricultural production and vegetation cover, influencing regional grain supply and the multifunctional composition of agriculture. To achieve sustainable development goals related to grain supply and ecological stability, this study proposes a research framework for multifunctional evaluation and multiscenario regulation of non-grain farmlands (NGFs). First, NGFs in the Wuhan metropolitan area (WHM) were extracted based on land survey data to carry out multifunctional evaluation of NGFs, including production function, ecological functions and recreational function. Second, the SOM+K-means algorithm is used to identify and explore the multifunctional bundle characteristics of NGFs to determine the regulation priority order of NGFs. Finally, a multiscenario simulation of the rigid control scale and layout arrangement of NGFs from the grain security perspective is carried out. The research results show that (1) there are 1294.34 thousand ha of NGFs in the WHM, mainly of grain and non-grain rotation type (52.36 %). The production function is higher in the central and western Jianghan Plain areas than in the northeastern and southern hilly mountainous areas; the ecological functions are the opposite; the high-value areas of recreational function are mainly located around the built-up areas of the city. (2) Multifunctional bundles divide NGFs into seven categories and determine the order of regulation based on the principle of "production priority, functional diversity". (3) By setting different grain security scenarios, it is predicted that the rigid control scale of NGFs in the WHM in 2030 is 256.08–797.55 thousand ha. Divide and restore grain production in order of the priority zone for grain production, the reserve zone for grain production, the resilience zone for grain production, the ecological improvement zone and the agricultural improvement zone, so as to achieve a regulatory layout of strict control and adaptable regulation of NGFs. The research supports the regulation of NGFs in balancing grain security and ecological stability to promote sustainable agricultural production.

Comparative analysis of internal fixation modalities for PER type IV ankle fractures: a finite element study

BackgroundThere are many options for the surgical treatment of pronation external rotation (PER) type IV ankle fractures, including the use of fibular plates and screws, the aim of this study was to investigate the biomechanical stability and safety of different internal fixation methods for PER type IV ankle fractures via finite element analysis.MethodsA three-dimensional finite element model of the ankle joint and the whole foot of a healthy 26-years-old adult male was established and validated based on computed tomography images of his lower limb, and a computer-aided design was used to produce a PER type IV ankle fracture and plate and screw model. Four different internal fixation modes were simulated, including a (all ankle fixation—utilizing a fibular plate and screws for comprehensive stabilization of the ankle), b (inferior tibiofibular joint fixation + all ankle fixation), c (inferior tibiofibular joint fixation + unfixed anterior ankle), and d (inferior tibiofibular joint fixation + unfixed anterior and posterior ankles). The results of the four different fixation methods were compared via finite element analysis, and the von Mises stresses. The displacements of the four different fixation methods were analyzed as the output indices.ResultsThere were no significant differences between the results of using fibular plates and screws and the displacement of fracture breaks among the four internal fixation modalities. The von Mises stress in the tibiotalar joint, median ankle, posterior ankle, and anterior ankle was minimized in the working condition of d, d, b, and d respectively. The von Mises stress in the fibular plate and screws was minimized in the working condition of a. The von Mises stress in the distal fibula was minimized in the working condition of a. However, the stress was mainly concentrated at the attachment point of the inferior tibiofibular anterior ligament, and in the working condition with inferior tibiofibular joint fixation, the stress was significantly concentrated in the inferior tibiofibular joint screw in all the fibular plates and screws.ConclusionsThe results of this study demonstrate the feasibility of using finite element analysis to compare the biomechanical stability and safety of four configurations of fibular plates and screws for treating PER type IV ankle fractures. All four modalities provided comparable biomechanical stability and safety, showing no significant differences. However, the current limitations of the finite element analysis methodology preclude specific clinical inferences. Further refinement of the methodology in future studies is necessary to enable reliable clinical applications.

Faba bean in crop rotation shapes bacterial and fungal communities and nutrient contents under conventional tillage of triticale

Legumes in cropping sequence can strongly moderate soil biodiversity and its biochemical status, which could influence soil fertility and productivity. However, their impact on soil microbes and their relationships with soil chemical variables during the subsequent crop growth is not understood enough. In this study, we analyzed the changes in bacterial and fungal communities structure through 16S rRNA and ITS amplicon sequencing, respectively, across crop rotation with faba bean (faba bean-wheat-triticale, F) and without faba bean (wheat-wheat-triticale, W). Rhizosphere and bulk soil samples were taken during the triticale growth stages (stem elongation and maturity). Soil enzymatic activity and chemical properties were also determined. Study factors (crop rotation, soil compartment, growth stage) affected N, C, and P transformations, as indicated by the activity of soil enzymes, and F was more beneficial than W for protease, urease, and acid phosphomonoesterase activities, as opposed to cellulase activity. Changes in the chemical properties led to the shift in soil microbial communities with different bacterial and fungal communities' responses. F treatment enhanced the abundance of the bacterial genera representatives such as Streptomyces and Candidatus Udaeobacter while suppressing the abundance of Jatrophihabitans and Terrabacter. Crop rotation significantly influenced fungal genera and a greater abundance of Helgardia, Pseudogymnoascus, Monocillium, Fusarium, Chaetomium, and Vishniacozyma under F than W was noted and the adverse situation was noted for Peziza and Rhizopus. Rotation type significantly affected the alfa-diversity of the fungal, but not bacterial community. Beta-diversity analyses (nMDS, cluster) indicated that the main factor grouping samples were soil compartment and growth stage for the bacterial and fungal microbiome, respectively. The PERMANOVA results revealed significant effects of all factors on bacterial and fungal microbiomes. Different soil chemical variables governed bacterial and fungal communities. Corg, pH, P, Mg, and Corg, pH were the most important soil factors regulating bacterial and fungal community structure by crop rotation, respectively. Bacterial and fungal communities were more related to the content of Ntot in rotation with than without faba bean. The findings of this study contribute to a deeper insight into the relation between the faba bean in cropping sequence and soil microbiome, and modulation crucial soil conditions for the productivity of the successive crop.

Predictors of Success in Obtaining Postgraduate Residency or Fellowship

ObjectiveAs more pharmacy students are pursuing postgraduate training, colleges of pharmacy are investigating ways to predict success in matching for residency or fellowship. While data have been published about characteristics predictive of matching, we sought to study student scores, rotation types, and rotation evaluations as predictors of success. MethodsData were collected from students in the graduating classes of 2021, 2022, and 2023. Students were surveyed on participation in mock interviews, numbers of programs to which they applied, and number of interviews received. In addition, data were collected on impostor phenomenon, grit, perceived stress, anxiety, grade point average (GPA), types of patient care rotations, and preceptor evaluations. ResultsOverall, 295 students were included, with 69 unsuccessful and 226 successful students. Successful students were more likely to have lower Perceived Stress Scale-10 scores in the final 3 semesters of school, a higher GPA, more elective patient care rotations, and more preceptors who answered “Yes” to “Would you hire this student?” after graduation. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, final GPA and preceptors answering affirmatively to “Would you hire this student?” were independent predictors of success in obtaining a postgraduate position. ConclusionAs colleges of pharmacy prepare students for postgraduate residencies or fellowships, in addition to GPA, stress levels during the final 3 semesters of pharmacy school may be areas on which to focus. Given that willingness of a preceptor to hire a student after graduation was a predictor of success in securing a postgraduate position, this should be explored in future research.

Examining Delineated Competencies within Blended Hospital/Health System Pharmacy and General Medicine Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experiences.

In the United States, Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) programs are required to provide advanced pharmacy practice experiences (APPEs) in the core inpatient rotation areas of hospital/health system pharmacy and inpatient general medicine patient care. Colleges and Schools of Pharmacy (C/SOPs) nationwide are increasingly utilizing blended or longitudinal APPE models to offer experiential opportunities; however, there is a gap in the literature to support programs with delineating rotation-specific competencies when integrating two or more rotations together. Utilizing a survey instrument, PharmD students at two C/SOPs reported their onsite inpatient rotation sub-competency activities achieved within the four competency areas of Hospital/Health Pharmacy Systems, Medication Safety and Quality, Clinical Applications, and Professional Practice, which are listed in Appendix C of the 2016 Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education Standards Guidance Document. Unpaired two-sample t-tests were performed to compare proportions of sub-competency activity occurrence in the two rotation settings. In total, 168 students reported inpatient activities related to the four competency areas, with 95-100% reporting their involvement in one or more sub-competency opportunities within each area. Of the 26 sub-competencies compared, 73% significantly facilitated the development of competency to a greater extent for one APPE inpatient rotation type over the other (p < 0.05). The findings can be utilized by C/SOPs to support the delineation of rotation-specific competencies when blending inpatient experiential opportunities.

Stratified Effects of Tillage and Crop Rotations on Soil Microbes in Carbon and Nitrogen Cycles at Different Soil Depths in Long-Term Corn, Soybean, and Wheat Cultivation.

Understanding the soil bacterial communities involved in carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling can inform beneficial tillage and crop rotation practices for sustainability and crop production. This study evaluated soil bacterial diversity, compositional structure, and functions associated with C-N cycling at two soil depths (0-15 cm and 15-30 cm) under long-term tillage (conventional tillage [CT] and no-till [NT]) and crop rotation (monocultures of corn, soybean, and wheat and corn-soybean-wheat rotation) systems. The soil microbial communities were characterized by metabarcoding the 16S rRNA gene V4-V5 regions using Illumina MiSeq. The results showed that long-term NT reduced the soil bacterial diversity at 15-30 cm compared to CT, while no significant differences were found at 0-15 cm. The bacterial communities differed significantly at the two soil depths under NT but not under CT. Notably, over 70% of the tillage-responding KEGG orthologs (KOs) associated with C fixation (primarily in the reductive citric acid cycle) were more abundant under NT than under CT at both depths. The tillage practices significantly affected bacteria involved in biological nitrogen (N2) fixation at the 0-15 cm soil depth, as well as bacteria involved in denitrification at both soil depths. The crop type and rotation regimes had limited effects on bacterial diversity and structure but significantly affected specific C-N-cycling genes. For instance, three KOs associated with the Calvin-Benson cycle for C fixation and four KOs related to various N-cycling processes were more abundant in the soil of wheat than in that of corn or soybean. These findings indicate that the long-term tillage practices had a greater influence than crop rotation on the soil bacterial communities, particularly in the C- and N-cycling processes. Integrated management practices that consider the combined effects of tillage, crop rotation, and crop types on soil bacterial functional groups are essential for sustainable agriculture.

Pilot study comparing sleep logs to a commercial wearable device in describing the sleep patterns of physicians-in-training.

With the increasing burden of professional burnout in physicians, attention is being paid to optimizing sleep health, starting in training. The multiple dimensions of physicians' sleep are not well described due to obstacles to easily and reliably measuring sleep. This pilot study tested the feasibility of using commercial wearable devices and completing manual sleep logs to describe sleep patterns of medical students and residents. Prospective pilot study of 50 resident physicians and medical students during a single year of training. Participants completed a manual sleep log while concurrently wearing the Fitbit Inspire device for 14-consecutive days over three clinical rotations of varying work schedules: light, medium, and heavy clinical rotations. Study completion was achieved in 24/50 (48%) participants. Overall correlation coefficients between the sleep log and Fitbit were statistically low; however, the discrepancies were acceptable, i.e., Fitbit underestimated time in bed and total sleep time by 4.3 and 2.7 minutes, respectively. Sleep onset time and waketime were within 8 minutes, with good agreement. Treatment of sleep episodes during the day led to variance in the data. Average missingness of collected data did not vary between medical students or residents or by rotation type. When comparing the light to heavy rotations, hours slept went from 7.7 (±0.64) to 6.7 (±0.88), quality-of-life and sleep health decreased and stress, burnout, and medical errors increased. Burnout was significantly associated with worse sleep health, hours worked, and quality-of-life. Prospective data collection of sleep patterns using both sleep logs and commercial wearable devices is burdensome for physicians-in-training. Using commercial wearable devices may increase study success as long as attention is paid to daytime sleep. In future studies investigating the sleep of physicians, the timing of data collection should account for rotation type.

Spelt in Diversified and Spelt-Based Crop Rotations: Grain Yield and Technological and Nutritional Quality

A properly designed crop rotation contributes to the equilibrium of the agro-ecosystem and the volume and quality of the yield. The cultivation of spelt in crop rotations enriches its biodiversity and provides grains with many different types of nutritional value. The aim of this current study was to investigate how the distribution of winter spelt in different positions and after different forecrops in four-field crop rotations would affect the technological quality of the grain, the nutrient content of the grain, and the grain yield. A 6-year field experiment, designed in a randomised block, was conducted from 2012 to 2018 in north-eastern Poland (53°35′47″ N, 19°51′20″ E). This study provides the results from a 6-year (2013–2018) field experiment. The spelt was cultivated in four crop rotations: CR1—winter rape + catch crop (blue tansy), spring barley, field pea and winter spelt; CR2,—winter rape, winter spelt + catch crop (blue tansy), field pea and winter spelt; CR3—winter rape + catch crop (blue tansy), field pea, winter spelt and winter spelt; and CR4—winter rape, winter spelt + catch crop (blue tansy), spring barley and winter spelt. This study evaluated grain yield and the following grain parameters: the total protein, wet gluten and starch contents, the Zeleny index, the falling number, the weight of 1000 grains, the N, P, K, Mg, Ca, Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn contents, and the grain yield. The results were assessed at the significance level p &lt; 0.05. It was demonstrated that the cultivation of spelt in all four crop rotations after winter rape and after field pea was characterised by higher protein and wet gluten contents, Zeleny index value and falling number, a greater weight of 1000 grains, higher N, P, Fe and Zn contents, and greater grain yield than those harvested from the crop rotations CR3 and CR4 after spelt and after barley. It was demonstrated that the cultivation of spelt in crop rotations CR3 and CR4, in succession after spelt and after barley, caused deterioration in grain quality (lower protein and gluten contents, a lower Zeleny index value, a lower falling number, and a smaller weight of 1000 grains, and the N, P, Fe and Zn contents). In addition, a smaller grain yield was obtained from these crop rotation fields. Regardless of the type of crop rotation, the cultivation of spelt after winter rape and after pea produced a high yield and a good quality yield of this cereal. Due to the lower yield of grain and its lower quality, it is not recommended that winter spelt is grown after each other or after spring barley.

ACCUMULATION OF SYMBIOTIC NITROGEN BY PERENNIAL LEGUMINOUS CROPS IN THE SOUTHERN STEPPE OF UKRAINE

The use of perennial leguminous crops is an energetically and economically beneficial and ecologically safe measure for improving the nitrogen balance of soils, which implementation requires specification and additional research of certain soil and climatic conditions and farming systems. The work aimed at studying the accumulation of biologically bound nitrogen by alfalfa and Hungarian sainfoin in single-species crops, as well as in wheatgrass-alfalfa and wheatgrass-sainfoin grass mixtures on the dark-chestnut soil of southern Ukraine. Laboratory, field, and statistical research methods were applied. The obtained results showed that the accumulation of nitrogen in the biomass of leguminous perennial grasses in single-species crops of blue hybrid alfalfa, Hungarian sainfoin, and intermediate wheatgrass and their grass mixtures depended on the hydrothermal conditions of the growing season, changes in species botanical composition by the years of grass stand used. During the first and second years of use, the nitrogen content in the biomass of alfalfa was 3,54-3,75%, sainfoin – 3,49-3,65%, and was significantly higher than in single-species crops of intermediate wheatgrass – 2,62-2,77% to dry matter. The removal of total nitrogen by intermediate wheatgrass during this period did not exceed 90 kg/ha; by alfalfa and sainfoin, it was 125-134 kg/ha, including symbiotic nitrogen removed by the alfalfa crop – 35-39 kg/ha and Hungarian sainfoin – 37-44 kg /ha. In the fractional composition of nitrogen in the soil of the experimental field after three years of using alfalfa when inoculating seeds with the complex microbial preparation Ecovital, the nitrogen content was the highest compared to other types of crop rotation, including total nitrogen – 1006,3-1428,8, mineral nitrogen – 24,9-46,3; alkaline hydrolyzed nitrogen – 113,8-186,0 mg/kg of soil. The obtained results allow us to conclude that the creation of highly productive symbiotic systems when using the latest biological preparations will contribute to improving soil nitrogen balance, eliminate the catastrophic decrease in fertility and soil degradation, improve the fodder base for animal production, and reduce the ecological burden on agricultural lands.

Versatile vertical alar resection technique for positioning of the nasal tip

BackgroundIn rhinoplasty, it is very important to adjust the rotation and projection of the tip together harmoniously with the nasal dorsum and face to achieve pleasing results. ObjectiveIn this study, our aim is to describe a new modification of the vertical alar resection technique that can effectively regulate nasal tip projection and rotation. Materials and methodsVersatile vertical alar resection (V-VAR) technique was applied to 14 primary and 9 revision rhinoplasty cases with highly projected nasal tip. V-VAR technique consists of three steps. In the first step, the original dome point was marked. In patients with high tip projection and caudal rotation, resection was performed from the lateral crus of the original dome. In patients with high tip projection and cephalic rotation, resection was performed from the medial crus of the original dome. In patients with high nasal tip projection but adequate rotation, an equal amount of resections were performed from both the medial crus and lateral crus of the original dome. The patients were followed in average 18 months (between 12 and 24 months). ResultsThe desired type of rotation and projection was achieved utilizing V-VAR technique in all patients. All patients had satisfactory esthetic results. ConclusionsIn highly projected nasal tips, the height can be reduced using the proposed V-VAR technique. Rotation in the nasal tip region was maintained, increased or decreased in accordance with the esthetic aims. Level of evidence4.

Эколого-агрохимическая оценка устойчивости серой лесной почвы к неблагоприятному воздействию и ее плодородие для выращивания сельскохозяйственных культур

The article presents research based on long-term field stationary experiments conducted at the agrotechnological experimental station of the UNIC "Agrotechnopark" to study the complex cultivation of gray forest soil of heavy loamy soil. The most favorable phosphate regime is soil with relatively high buffer properties, due not to the absorption of phosphorus by the solid phase, but its desorption. It was found that if the total acidification buffering capacity for pH intervals lies in the range of 9-11 mM–eq/100 g, then an average level of soil stability is achieved. In this case, the absorbed bases should be at least 20 mg-eq/100 g. It is not recommended to reduce the acidification buffering capacity to values less than 9 mM-eq/100 g. In long–term experiments with potash fertilizers, reliable increases in crop yields were established, which varied depending on the type of fertilizer and rotation in the range of 1.8 - 6.5 c/ha of grain units. On average, over 8 rotations, the increase was 5.0 c/ha of grain units. In the variant without fertilizers, the crop rotation productivity was about 24 c/ha of grain units. Keywords: GRAY FOREST SOIL, BUFFERING, NON-CHERNOZEM ZONE, PRODUCTIVITY, ORGANIC FERTILIZER, FERTILITY

Farmers' perception and adoption of management practices against tomato damage by tomato leaf miner (Tuta absoluta) in Pokhara, Nepal

The tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta, poses a significant threat to tomato cultivation globally, with a notable impact on yields. This study investigates the perceptions and practices of farmers in Pokhara, Nepal, regarding T. absoluta management. We aimed to assess the current adoption of management strategies, identify influencing factors, and uncover knowledge gaps among farmers. We surveyed 69 randomly selected households involved in tomato cultivation using a semi-structured questionnaire. The survey collected data on observations of T. absoluta damage, management practices (chemical, physical, pheromone-based), and awareness of integrated pest management (IPM) and ecosystem services. Our findings reveal that 94% of farmers observed T. absoluta damage in their fields, with a predominant reliance on chemical pesticides (86.96%). Awareness and adoption of environmentally friendly practices, such as IPM, were notably lacking. Factors such as the age of the household head, crop rotation, cropping systems, and family type significantly influenced the adoption of various management practices. While 44.93% of farmers used pheromones, 31% recognized them as effective. This study highlights the severe threat T. absoluta poses to tomato cultivation in Pokhara and the insufficiency of current management practices. Bridging knowledge gaps regarding eco-friendly approaches, such as pheromones and biological controls, is crucial. We emphasize the need to tailor extension services by considering sociodemographic factors and promoting awareness of ecosystem services. Ultimately, our study will contribute to more sustainable pest management practices in agricultural settings.

Planting date and tillage effects on yield and nutrient uptake of two sorghum cultivars grown in sub-humid and semi-arid regions in South Africa

IntroductionSorghum is emerging as a viable crop option to increase food production under changing climate due to its resilience to drought and marginal soils. Appropriate planting date, crop cultivars, type of tillage and rotations, under contrasting climatic conditions, could make significant contribution on the effective management of sorghum under changing climatic conditions. A short-term study was carried out to investigate the effects of planting date, crop cultivar, tillage type and rotations on the growth and primary nutrient uptake of sorghum in contrasting climatic regions.MethodsThe study was conducted in Free State - (FS) and KwaZulu Natal (KZN) Provinces of South Africa over two seasons (2020/21 and 2021/22). The two cultivars (Pan8816 and Macia) were sown in December (PD1) and in January (PD2) under conventional tillage (CT) and no-till (NT) and with two rotations (Sorghum-Cowpea-Sorghum and Sorghum-Sorghum-Sorghum) resulting in 2×2×2×2 factorial experiment.Results and discussionIn KZN, in both the first (2020/21) and second (2021/22) seasons, the effects of all the factors, except cultivar in the second season, were not significant on yield, and uptake of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). In the second season, Pan8816 (4.40 t/ha) produced 3.3 times higher yield than Macia (1.32 t/ha), and took up higher N, K and P. In FS, the early planted sorghum (1.15 t/ha for season one; 3.39 t/ha for season two) had significantly higher yield than late planted sorghum (0.434 and 0.91 t/ha for seasons one and two, respectively). Furthermore, the early-planted crops took up higher N, K and P than when planted late, while Pan8816 took up 1.74 times more P than Macia. Plants grown under CT (2.61 t/ha) produced significantly higher yield than under NT (1.70 t/ha), with plants under CT taking up significantly more K than those grown on NT. These findings suggest that in the drier FS, early planting under conventional tillage, while in the wetter KZN, selecting the appropriate cultivar (PAN8816), are essential for sorghum grain yield, at least in the short-term.