Types Of Rooms Research Articles

Escape Rooms for Education: A Meta-analysis

This meta-analysis aims to investigate the effectiveness of educational escape rooms in improving learning outcomes and fostering positive attitudes. Specifically, it seeks to examine their impact on the acquisition of content knowledge and the development of attitudes. Additionally, the study conduct a moderator analysis to explore how variables such as subject matter, types of escape rooms, and participants' age may influence these effects. After systematically screening the literature, 22 studies were deemed eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. The findings demonstrated a high effect size in knowledge gains and moderate effect size in attitude change, with 0.86 and 0.63, respectively. Interestingly, the moderator analysis did not uncover any statistically significant distinctions in effect sizes based on the three aforementioned moderators. In conclusion, this study affirms the effectiveness of educational escape rooms across a variety of academic disciplines and offers valuable insights for educators and practitioners interested in employing escape rooms as a means of educational innovation.

Comparative Analysis of Cooling Load Calculations: CLTD Method vs. Carrier HAP 5.01 Software for Hotel HVAC Design

This study examines the cooling load requirements of a hotel building by comparing two methodologies: the traditional Cooling Load Temperature Difference (CLTD) method and the Carrier Hourly Analysis Program (HAP) 5.01 software. The primary objective is to validate the accuracy and reliability of these methods in calculating cooling loads across different room types, from standard rooms to larger, more complex suites. The results show that the CLTD method consistently yields higher cooling load estimates, with discrepancies ranging from 3% to 14% compared to HAP 5.01 calculations. These differences are most significant in larger rooms, such as suites and owner’s suites, which have more extensive glass areas, higher occupancy, and more heat-generating equipment. The findings indicate that while the CLTD method is valuable for quick, preliminary estimates, the HAP 5.01 software provides a more precise and comprehensive analysis, taking into account hourly variations, equipment schedules, and other factors that impact cooling loads. This research highlights the need for careful selection of the appropriate calculation method to ensure the efficient design of HVAC systems, maximizing energy efficiency, and maintaining occupant comfort. The study concludes that for projects requiring high accuracy, particularly in complex or large spaces, dynamic simulation tools like HAP 5.01 are preferable. Detailed cooling load results and comparisons are provided in the supplementary documentation, offering further insights into the analysis and its implications for HVAC design.

Impact of Operative Room Noise on Laparoscopic Performance—A Prospective, Randomized Crossover Trial

IntroductionSurgeons are often exposed to different types of operative room (OR) noise, for instance machine alarms, phone calls, and interacting objects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of OR noise on the surgeons’ laparoscopic performance. MethodsA total of 30 laparoscopic novices participated in this single-center, prospective, randomized cross-over trial after completing a standardized laparoscopic training until reaching proficiency. Afterward, all participants performed four different laparoscopic tasks (peg transfer, circle cutting, balloon resection, suture, and knot) twice, once under noise exposure (intervention group), and once without any noise (control group). Primary endpoints were the force exertion and motion analyses. To assess the psychological workload the NASA task load index score was used. ResultsThe error rates varied and were significantly different between the noise and the control group. More complex tasks like the circle cutting and suture and knot task revealed higher error rates concerning precision (circle cutting: P < 0.01; suture and knot: P < 0.01). In line with increased error rates in the circle cutting task, increased NASA task load index scores were observed in this task (P = 0.03). However, no significant differences were found in force parameters, such as the maximal force exertion (peg transfer: P = 0.43; circle cutting: P = 0.54; balloon resection: P = 0.64; suture and knot: P = 0.63) and the mean force exertion (peg transfer: P = 0.43; circle cutting: P = 0.54; balloon resection: P = 0.64; suture and knot: P = 0.63) between the groups. ConclusionsExposure to normal OR noise led to higher error rates in two of four tasks. This effect could be linked to an increased psychological workload that was present under normal OR noise exposure. However, normal OR noise does not appear to impact surgical novices' laparoscopic task performance regarding applied forces and instrument motion.

Simulated fire video collection for advancing understanding of human behavior in building fires.

The goal of the present research was to develop a video collection of simulated fires to investigate how people perceive growing building fires. In fire safety science, a critical factor to occupant responses to building fires is the pre-movement period, determined by how long it takes an individual to initiate taking protective action with an incipient fire. Key to studying the psychological processes that contribute to the duration of the pre-movement period is presenting human subjects with building fires. One approach used in previous research is to present videos of building fires to individuals via scenarios. The numerical simulations used to model fire dynamics can be used to render videos for these scenarios. However, such simulations have predominantly been used in fire protection engineering to design buildings and are relatively inaccessible to social scientists. The present study documents a collection of videos, based on numerical simulations, which can be used by researchers to study human behavior in fire. These videos display developing fires in different types of rooms, growing at different rates, different smoke thickness, among other characteristics. As part of a validation study, participants were presented with subsets of the video clips and were asked to rate the perceived risk posed by the simulated fire. We observed that ratings varied by the intensity and growth rate of the fires, smoke opacity, type of room, and where the viewpoint was located from the fire. These effects aligned with those observed in previous fire science research, providing evidence that the videos could elicit perceived risk using fire simulations. The present research indicates that future studies can utilize the video library of fire simulations to study human perceptions of developing building fires as situational factors are systematically manipulated.

Optimal classification of radiant time series for cooling load calculation of building air-conditioning systems

Building cooling load is caused by complex thermal effect. Design cooling load determines the capacity of air-conditioning assembly units and systems to maintain stable thermal environment and high operating efficiency. The radiant time series method (RTSM) is applicable for design cooling load calculation in engineering application. The radiant time series (RTS) should precisely match various room types by improving their accuracy and practicality. The room construction types require more explicit identification. This study proposes RTS classification method based on heat balance method (HBM) and CatBoost to obtain the representative RTSs for various room types. A new quantitative indicator, interior surface heat storage coefficient, is introduced to quantify the construction type. An accuracy evaluation is performed on the representative RTSs and design cooling loads calculated using them. The results show that interior wall type, ceiling type and floor type are important parameters for RTS classification. Compared to the HBM, the representative RTSs cause relative deviations of design cooling loads within 5 % for over 90 % of the room samples, with mean deviations within 2 %. This has demonstrated accurate RTS classification in this study. The appropriate representative RTSs with refined construction type can ensure accurate cooling load calculation and facilitate extensive application.

Stochastic occupancy modeling for spaces with irregular occupancy patterns using adaptive B-Spline-based inhomogeneous Markov Chains

This paper presents a discrete time, discrete state-space in-homogeneous Markov Chains model for stochastic occupancy modeling in spaces with irregular occupancy patterns. The goal of the model is to provide accurate predictions of occupancy numbers, enabling appropriate actions to be taken for HVAC system to maintain optimal indoor environment. The proposed Markov Chain model incorporates time in-homogeneity by coupling the time-varying model parameters using a Periodic B-Spline expansion with adaptive knots, which effectively captures patterns in occupancy activity. This method optimizes the distribution of knots based on specific occupancy characteristics observed in different types of rooms. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, six months of occupancy data collected from a meeting room are utilized. A comprehensive comparison is conducted between the proposed adaptive B-Spline method and other approaches, including the counting method and uniform B-Spline method. The comparison considers both model accuracy and complexity, using metrics such as the Akaike Information Criterion and Bayesian Information Criterion. Results indicate that the proposed model achieves more accurate predictions with fewer model parameters compared to other methods. These forecasts are particularly useful in optimizing the control of HVAC systems, where accurate predictions of future occupancy numbers are essential.

A numerical simulation-based solution for enhancing the safety evacuation of the high-rise complex in geriatric hospital

Due to the vulnerability of the elderly population and the specificity of the treatment environment, geriatric hospitals face more serious fire safety issues than ordinary medical buildings. Existing conclusions are mostly one-sided as researchers have mainly ignored the diversity of geriatric patients and the types of functional rooms in the buildings. To make the findings in this field completer and more adequate, a geriatric hospital high-rise was employed as a case study and simulated in Pathfinder software. This model evaluated the efficacy of hierarchical organization of evacuating crowds, modification of vertical functional zoning, and specific congestion mitigation measures. The synthesized outcomes from these evaluations informed the development of an integrated evacuation strategy. Output parameters were used in place of control variables to verify repeatability. Crowd prioritization improve evacuation efficiency by optimizing the evacuation sequence and reducing the crossing of people; vertical functional zoning modification avoid congestion by locating high-risk departments near the bottom, for example; and blockage point evacuation enhance evacuation speed by adjusting the location of exits and improving the design of staircases. This comprehensive strategy successfully reduces evacuation time by 28.8 % and can be used as a guideline for a generic evacuation optimization system for similar buildings.

Handbook, Standard, Room: The Prescription of Residential Room Types in Sweden Between 1942 and 2023

Norms and handbooks have played a key role in the design of residential rooms in Sweden since the 1940s. Ever since, changes in housing policies have led to varying definitions and regulations of residential rooms, allowing their existence, defining their configuration, and framing their performance. And yet, none of these rooms has been built; they are prescribed room types that belong in the pages of handbooks that validate the framework in which housing design can operate. What are these prescribed room types? What do they look like? Who and what do they include? Have they changed over time? In response to these questions, this article follows the evolution of a set of residential room types in the design handbooks that have accompanied housing policy bills in Sweden from 1942 to 2023. These manuals are not the law itself but operate as an interface for professionals and designers by reflecting the practical consequences of the norm. Diagrams, dimensions, texts, and references to housing literature vary from handbook to handbook to define the specific traits of each type of room. By studying these traits in relation to key moments of Swedish housing politics, the article reveals the role that norms and standards have played in the establishment of the regulatory regime in which housing design in Sweden operates today.

Exploring the impact of built environment design on oncology inpatient rooms: a single-based study of King Abdullah University Hospital

ABSTRACT The recognized impact of healthcare facility design on patient well-being prompted this investigation into the influence of design variables on patient satisfaction and length of stay (LOS) within a single-center oncology unit. A survey-based methodology was employed at King Abdullah University Hospital (KAUH) to gather data from 88 participants. The study focused on inpatient rooms on the 10th floor, comparing single and shared accommodations. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference in LOS between the two room types, with patients in single rooms experiencing shorter stays and higher satisfaction. Privacy (PR) received the highest mean score in participant evaluations, followed by social support (SS) and physical support (PS) features. Visual appearance (VA) received the lowest mean score. The correlation analysis showed a significant negative correlation between privacy, visual appearance, and LOS (p < 0.01), indicating that greater privacy and better views (implicated by the visual appearance score) are associated with shorter LOS. Correlations between physical support, social support, and LOS were weak and not statistically significant. These findings underscore the importance of room configuration in shaping the patient experience within oncology units and highlight the pivotal role of design in influencing patient outcomes. They also stress the need for human-centric considerations in healthcare facility design. This knowledge can guide healthcare professionals, architects, and policymakers in optimizing spaces for oncology patients, illustrating how the interplay between the built environment and patient experiences can potentially reshape patient care.

Informal settlements and the continuity of Gujarati building traditions in Ahmedabad

Informal settlement is a widespread form of development in rapidly urbanising countries, yet the architectural form of dwellings and the design intention of the residents has received scant attention across the extensive literature on informality. Architectural scholars have drawn parallels between informal and vernacular environments, but the empirical evidence to support this assertion is limited. Comparing accurate and detailed architectural drawings, this article demonstrates how Gujarati building traditions influence the arrangement of dwellings and their plans in two informal settlements in Ahmedabad. Despite insecurity of land tenure and limited services, dwellings are built incrementally but planned with architectural intent informed by traditional rural housing types. The function and arrangement of traditional room types are consistent across dwellings in different contexts, from world heritage-listed havelis, rural Gujarati villages, to the incremental housing in two informal settlements in Ahmedabad. This evidence is at odds with popular and political views that informal settlements are unplanned accretions of ad hoc shelters. Such views, embedded in policy, can be part of the rationale for ‘slum’ clearance and relocation, which frequently disrupts social and economic networks. The findings and methods used in this study can inform architects or planners seeking to upgrade, redevelop, or relocate informal settlement communities.

Workflows and locations matter – insights from electronic hand hygiene monitoring into the use of hand rub dispensers across diverse hospital wards

While healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) affect approximately 3.2-6.5% of hospitalised patients in the US and Europe, improving hand hygiene (HH) could reduce HAI rates. Investigating HH is time-consuming and not always objective, and comprehensive, unbiased data is needed to develop effective strategies. Using electronic tools can provide new and detailed insights on the determinants of HH. To evaluate location-dependent usage of wall-mounted dispensers (WMDs) and point-of-care dispensers (POCs) using an electronic HH recording system. In this retrospective study, hand rub volumes were anonymously recorded for 931,446 disinfections from 17 wards in nine German hospitals using the electronic monitoring system NosoEx®. Number of disinfections and rub volumes of WMDs/POCs by ward and room type were analysed. Generally, WMDs were most prevalent. With >3 dispensers per bed and >20 disinfections per patient day, availability and use were highest in intensive care (ICU) and intermediate care (IMC), but here rub volumes from WMDs were lowest (∼2.0 mL). Although most dispensers are located in patient rooms (∼42%), they are more frequently used in hallways. In surgical ICUs, dispensers are often used in patient rooms, where contact with open wounds is common. About 3.6 mL of hand rub is used per disinfection in treatment rooms, the highest volume of all room types. Dispenser use was dependent on location, room type, ward specialisation and workflow. Optimising the location of hand rub dispensers (HRDs)s is not the only solution to improve HH, but can help reduce inconvenience, achieve more ergonomic workflows and better meet user needs.

The impact of barrier arrangements on the transmission of respiratory infectious diseases in nursing homes in Hong Kong

Respiratory infectious diseases have affected the health of the elderly. This study investigated the optimization of physical barriers as a low-cost design strategy to reduce the risk of infection in nursing homes for the elderly in Hong Kong, which were significantly affected by the outbreak of COVID-19. First, data on two types of rooms, single and multi-occupancy, were collected from a field investigation of typical local nursing homes. Subsequently, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations were employed to analyse the effects of various barrier heights on the propagation, suspension, deposition and elimination of aerosol particles in these room types, thereby evaluating infection risks. The findings reveal that in single-occupancy rooms, a barrier height of 2.1 m is effective in curtailing the spread of the virus over distances. Conversely, in multi-occupancy rooms, while a 1.8-m barrier is necessary, the rate of particle suspension is considerably higher, necessitating additional ventilation measures. Based on these findings, the study provides quantitative criteria for the implementation of physical barriers as a low-cost physical measure in nursing homes and provides recommendations for the effective prevention of respiratory infectious diseases through design modifications.

The impact of room shape on affective states, heartrate, and creative output

The architectural design of space can deeply impact an individuals' mood, physiology, and mental health. While previous research has predominantly focused on elements like nature and lighting within architectural spaces, there is a growing literature base that also investigates the psychological and neurophysiological impacts of geometrical properties of architectural spaces. Employing virtual reality technology, the study sought to investigate the effects of curved and rectangular architectural spaces on affective states, heart rate, and creativity.A total of 35 participants were exposed to two distinct virtual environments: a curved room and a rectangular room. Participants' self-reported mood was assessed using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS-Long Form). Heart rate was monitored using a pulse oximeter, and creative output was evaluated using the Guilford Alternative Uses Task (GAUT).Statistical comparisons between the two room types indicated that participants experienced higher positive affect and lower negative affect in the curved room condition compared to the rectangular room condition. Furthermore, heart rate measurements revealed lower physiological arousal in the curved room. Additionally, participants exhibited higher creative output in the curved room as opposed to the rectangular room.These findings align with previous literature on the influence of geometric factors on affective responses. The implications of this study are significant as they pertain to individuals' daily environments and their impact on health and well-being. The positive influence of curved room geometry on mood, arousal, and creativity emphasises the importance of considering room layout and design in various settings, such as workplaces and educational environments. Architects and designers can utilise these findings to inform their decisions and promote neuroarchitecture that enhances positive emotional experiences and productivity.

Pengaruh Kompetensi Karyawan, Lingkungan Fisik, dan Promosi terhadap Kepuasan Pengunjung Menginap di Hotel Le Polonia Medan

Hotel Le Polonia is a hotel located in an urban area in the city of Medan. This hotel began operating in 1977 with a total of 51 rooms at that time. By offering a classic concept and providing good facilities and comfort for hotel visitors. Currently, the types of rooms offered by Hotel Le Polonia are superior deluxe, family room, premier deluxe, junior suite and polonia suite. This research uses quantitative descriptive research methods. The sample in the study was 110 samples. The results of this research show that the sig value for influencing employee competence on visitor satisfaction is 0.19 &lt; 0.05 and the t-count value is 2,376 &lt; t-table 1,983. The sig value for influencing the physical environment on visitor satisfaction is 0.045 &lt; 0.05 and the t-count value is 2.033 &gt; t-table 1.983. The sig value for influencing promotions on visitor satisfaction is 0.014 &lt; 0.05 and the t-count value is 2,500 &gt; t-table 1.983; It can be concluded that partially the variables of employee competency, physical environment and promotion have a positive and significant effect on visitor satisfaction at the Le Polonia Hotel Medan. F-count value 5.579 &gt; F-table 2.69; This indicates that there is an influence of employee competence, physical environment, and promotion simultaneously on visitor satisfaction at Hotel Le Polonia.

The Impact of Spatial and Locational Characteristics on Airbnb Prices in London

This research delves into the intricate relationship between spatial and locational attributes and Airbnb pricing in London. Utilizing data encompassing Airbnb listings in London collected over one year concluding on December 10, 2022, and employing advanced geospatial statistical techniques, including a geographically weighted regression (GWR) model equipped with ten select explanatory variables, this study reveals multifaceted spatial patterns underlying Airbnb pricing. The study underscores the paramount significance of dissecting the multifaceted determinants of Airbnb pricing, encompassing property characteristics, location-specific variables, host-related attributes, and customer feedback. Through empirical analyses, this research illuminates pronounced spatial heterogeneity within Airbnb pricing, with notable variations discerned across different room types. Interpretation of model coefficients reveals the multifaceted influence of factors, such as proximity to subway stations, volume of customer reviews, and specific scores, on pricing dynamics. Additionally, the GWR model exposes significant spatial variations in the impact of location and neighborhood-related variables on pricing, with particularly marked effects in the realms of entire homes and private rooms. This study aims to illustrate the intricate interplay between spatial and locational characteristics and Airbnb pricing dynamics, offering invaluable insights for researchers and industry practitioners.

Analysis of the Effectiveness of Generative Adversarial Technology in Intelligent Buildings in terms of Design

Abstract This paper combines the training method of generative adversarial network and the robust row layout design method of building based on CGAN, and selects pix2pix model to carry out the spatial layout design of intelligent building, to explore the actual effect of intelligent building design. Using the building layout design of a generative adversarial network, different parameters and residual block numbers are set to compare the impact of building texture generation. The intelligent building using GAN technology is selected to carry out the spatial design characterization of both Light and shadow and luminance, and the SD spatial environment evaluation factor is used to refine the discussion of the spatial design experience of intelligent buildings designed using generative adversarial technology. The Light and shadow distribution of intelligent building design is mainly presented as four types, in which the light and shadow location types of reading room, hall, rest space and exhibition hall are primarily offered as horizontal division types. In a public intelligent building, the rest area is separated into 25% of the distance and 25% of the vertical division, with an improved design balance.

PROBLEMS OF RELIABLE HEAT SUPPLY PROVIDING IN THE CONDITIONS OF NON-GUARANTEED ELECTRICITY SUPPLY TO HEAT-GENERATING ENTERPRISES

The paper analyzes the current state of centralized heat supply systems. Considered problems that arise when the power supply is turned off for a longer period of time. For example, due to natural disasters or the destruction of power stations, substations and networks. An analysis of the consequences of long-term shutdowns of centralized heat supply sources in the winter period at extremely low temperatures, which leads to the failure of the main and auxiliary equipment, heat networks and domestic heating systems, was carried out. Considered several real options for reservation or full self-sufficiency of boiler room heat supply needs in power supply for the most common types of boiler room. Namely, with water heating boilers and direct connection to the heating network and with steam boilers and steam water boilers. It is proposed to introduce elements of own power generation on a permanent basis, as part of the technological process of the heat supply system or a separate boiler house of medium and large capacity, which, with their rational combination, can lead to a significant economic effect. It is shown that the most promising is the redundancy due to the built-in heat generation scheme, the electricity generation system, i.e. full or partial cogeneration. It was found that when gas turbines are used in the cogeneration system of heat and electricity, it is advisable to use units with a low temperature of up to 800°C and a gas pressure before the turbine of up to 0.8 MPa, which are characterized by high reliability, low cost and provide the greatest release of utilized heat. Keywords: centralized heat supply systems, reliability of power equipment, power supply of boiler houses

Experiencing the physical and psychosocial aspects in a multi-bedded room in an oncology ward in the Netherlands before the COVID-19 pandemic

PurposeUntil now, it is not clear whether there are differences in patient perception between multi-bedded rooms with two and four beds. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the physical (i.e. room type) and psychosocial (i.e. kindness of roommates and extraversion) aspects on the patients’ experience (i.e. pleasantness of the room, anxiety, sleep quality) in multi-bedded rooms in an oncology ward.Design/methodology/approachA group of 84 hospitalized oncology patients completed a questionnaire on the day of departure. Room types were categorized into two groups: two-person and four-person rooms.FindingsMultivariate logistic regression analyses with the minimum Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) showed no direct main effects of room type (two vs. four-person room), kindness of roommates and extraversion on pleasantness of the room, anxiety and sleep quality. However, the authors found an interaction effect between room type and extraversion on pleasantness of the room. Patients who score relatively high in extraversion rated the room as more pleasant when they stayed in a four-person rather than a two-person room. For patients relatively low in extraversion, room type was not related to pleasantness of the room.Practical implicationsThe findings allow hospitals to better understand individual differences in patient experiences. Hospitals should inform patients about the benefits of the different room types and potential influences of personality (extraversion) so patients are empowered and can benefit from autonomy and the most appropriate place.Originality/valueThis study emphasizes the importance of including four-person rooms in an oncology ward, while new hospital facility layouts mainly include single-bed rooms.

A Study on the Correlation Between School District Housing Price and Birth Rate in Beijing and Kunming

In China, under the influence of traditional thinking, peoples enthusiasm for buying houses is constantly rising, and the real estate market has always been enthusiastically sought after in China. On this basis, with the development of the economy, it has slowly evolved into school district housing, central business district housing, new city housing and other room types. School district housing has become a hot topic of concern in the whole society. Some researchers believe that fluctuations in the freshman population affect school district housing prices, but there is still a lot of room for research on this view. Therefore, this paper analyzes the correlation between the new population and the housing prices of school districts in representative cities in China by collecting the data of Chinas new population in the past decade, as well as the highest transaction price and average annual transaction price of school districts in China. The study found no correlation between birth rates and house price levels. There is a positive correlation between the birth rate and the growth rate of house prices.

Investigation on measurement sound field of absorption coefficient in reverberation room by numerical simulation - Relationship between room shapes and measurement results -

In this study, the relationship among the shape and volume of the reverberation room, the sound absorption coefficient of the specimen, the frequency, and the obtained measurement results of the absorption coefficient in reverberation room are investigated by time-domain finite element method. First, finite element models are created for 11 types of reverberation rooms with different room shapes and volumes, and the models are analyzed in the case that all the boundaries are rigid walls and in the case that a measurement specimen is installed on one of the boundaries. Next, the absorption coefficients in each reverberation room are calculated and relationships among the results of the absorption coefficients, the shape and volume of the room, the absorption coefficients of the specimen and the frequency are shown. As the results, it is shown that relationship between absorption coefficient in reverberation room and absorption coefficient of specimen was varied by the absorption coefficient of the specimen and frequency more than room volume in heptahedral irregularly shaped reverberation room.