Types Of Racism Research Articles

Understanding Racism and the Role of Identity Politics in Anti-Racism Movements in America

The matter of racism is a complex issue concerning various humanities problems such as inequality in human rights, unfair treatment and unequal access to material resources. This dilemma has existed in various multicultural communities, for example America, where racial diversity is directly proportional to racist crime, which is among the highest in the world. According to The FBI's Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program, the number of hate crimes with racial or ethnic-related motivation accounts for 60 percent of incidents occured in 2020 in Ameria. The fight against racial injustice is a challenging battle that demands long-term involvement and systematic change, starting from both the advocates and the community. Therefore, strategic goals and methods are essential to providing effective campaigns against racial discrimination. In this case, advocates and leaders must be aware of the challenges that lead to the ineffectiveness of current anti-racism movements and increase the quality of those advocating campaigns. Using qualitative methods, this research study seeks to answer that problem through the investigation of the origin and definition of racism with the aim of further understanding the issue and defining the cause of ethnic inequality. Moreover, analysis of different types of racism and colour-blind theories is also provided, which helps determine the outcome and long-term strategy for improved campaign organization. Combating against racism is a complex process that can only be influential if campaign leaders, politicians and activists come up with a productive and sustainable strategy that can oversee the ultimate goal of promoting race equality.

E-SUS Territory: Race/Color questionnaire on the perception of Community Health Agents in the District of Recife - PE

Filling in the race/color questionnaire involves issues that go beyond objectivity. The objective of this study is to analyze the perceptions of Community Health Agents (CHAs) while filling in the race/color questionnaire when registering families on e-SUS Território in Health District I in the city of Recife, Pernambuco. This is a descriptive stage of an anchoring study, classified as exploratory research with a mixed approach. The study was guided by the categorization of the perception and influencing factors, from the perspective of CHAs, in relation to filling in the race/color questionnaire. The results indicate the importance of including the topic of race in studies, as it guarantees the production of epidemiological information with an intervention effect. However, these results are based on a subjective view of identity and belonging within a social context encapsulated by various types of racism that are beyond the power of CHAs to resolve.

Frequency and factors related to substance use among Black individuals aged 15-40 years old in Canada: The role of everyday racial discrimination.

Despite evidence that Black individuals are confronted with various types of racial discrimination that put them at risk for alcohol and substance use disorders, no study in Canada has assessed the frequency and factors related to substance use in Black communities. This study thus aims to examine the frequency and factors related to substance use in Black communities in Canada. A total of 845 Black individuals in Canada (76.6% female) completed questionnaires assessing substance use (i.e., alcohol, cannabis, and other drugs), everyday racial discrimination, resilience, religious involvement, and sociodemographic information. Multivariable regression analyses were used to determine factors related to substance use among Black individuals. The findings showed that 14.8% (95% CI [8.60, 20.94]) of participants reported using any substance (i.e., alcohol, cannabis, and other drugs) in the past 12 months. Men reported a significantly higher frequency of substance use than women (25.7% vs. 11.1%; x² = 27.67, p < .001). Everyday racial discrimination (ß = .27, p < .001) and place of birth (born in Canada, ß = .14, p < .001) were positively associated with substance use, whereas it was negatively associated with religiosity, resilience, and gender (being a female; ß = -.08, p < .05; ß = -.21, p < .001; ß = -.12, p < .001). Racial discrimination is associated with substance use among Black individuals in Canada. The study findings inform potential prevention and intervention strategies by examining protective factors related to substance use (e.g., religiosity, resilience, gender) among Black individuals. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Medicine and Health “in the Least Civilized Regions”

Abstract In nations with large Indigenous populations like Guatemala and Ecuador, overlapping narratives of nationalism, public health, and race signal the complexity of modernizing health care. Various variables—race, gender, class, geography, the role of the state, divisions within the ruling class—impinged on people’s health care decisions. To analyze how racial thought and public health influenced each other during Guatemala’s predominantly dictatorial rule and Ecuador’s authoritarian but more participatory government at a time when the most significant international public health organization—the Rockefeller Foundation (RF)—sought to improve public health in both countries, I combine transnational and comparative historical analyses of the first half of the twentieth century. Triangulating Guatemalan, Ecuadorian, and RF archives and focusing on the primacy of Indigenous voices reveals an interactive matrix of different types of racism in Guatemala, Ecuador, and RF that shaped indígenas’ (Indigenous people’s) engagement with, exclusion from, or rejection of public health initiatives and scientific medicine. The politics of indigeneity was as consequential for public health as scientific developments. Many state agents and RF representatives used public health contexts to mobilize social constructions of race and ethnicity that advanced their agendas and marginalized indígenas. In turn, indígenas often determined the extent to which authorities’ aspirations matched their accomplishments.

Complex Racial Trauma: Evidence, Theory, Assessment, and Treatment

Racial trauma refers to experiences related to threats, prejudices, harm, shame, humiliation, and guilt associated with various types of racial discrimination, either for direct victims or witnesses. In North American, European, and colonial zeitgeist societies, Black, Indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC) experience racial microaggressions and interpersonal, institutional, and systemic racism on a repetitive, constant, inevitable, and cumulative basis. Although complex trauma differs from racial trauma in its origin, the consistency of racist victimization beyond childhood, and the internalized racism associated with it, strong similarities exist. Similar to complex trauma, racial trauma surrounds the victims’ life course and engenders consequences on their physical and mental health, behavior, cognition, relationships with others, self-concept, and social and economic life. There is no way to identify racial trauma other than through a life-course approach that captures the complex nature of individual, collective, historical, and intergenerational experiences of racism experienced by BIPOC communities in Western society. This article presents evidence for complex racial trauma (CoRT), a theoretical framework of CoRT, and guidelines for its assessment and treatment. Avenues for future research, intervention, and training are also presented.

Rasisme dalam Film Lee Daniels, The Butler

The Butler movie explored discrimination between white and black people that created social grade which lead to the conflict. This became a very interesting one to explore. The purpose of this study was to find more about the racism in such movie. The researcher used a qualitative descriptive method, and the research material was a dialogue from the movie "The Butler". The analyse was done by using the theory of racism, "three types of racism”, Michel Wieviorka (1995). The dialogue of the movie accompanied by picture as the sample of the data in analysis done by contextually and theoritically. The result of the study showed attitudes racism was the most prevalent, which means there are discriminations occured to black people in The Butler movie. Attitudes is a pattern of thinking or feeling about something or someone, generally represented in a person's behavior. While prejudice and opinions racism are the most rarely occured in such movie. Prejudice rarely occured in the social life because black people can not express their feeling and they struggle welfare, which was hard to achieve in the movie. Opinions rarely occured in the movie because white people grade was higher than black people in such movie.

Racism in Lee Daniels' Movie The Butler

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; The Butler movie explored discrimination between white and black people that created social grade which lead to the conflict. This became a very interesting one to explore. The purpose of this study was to find more about the racism in such movie. The researcher used a qualitative descriptive method, and the research material was a dialogue from the movie "The Butler". The analyse was done by using the theory of racism, "three types of racism”, Michel Wieviorka (1995). The dialogue of the movie accompanied by picture as the sample of the data in analysis done by contextually and theoritically. The result of the study showed attitudes racism was the most prevalent, which means there are discriminations occured to black people in The Butler movie. Attitudes is a pattern of thinking or feeling about something or someone, generally represented in a person's behavior. While prejudice and opinions racism are the most rarely occured in such movie. Prejudice rarely occured in the social life because black people can not express their feeling and they struggle welfare, which was hard to achieve in the movie. Opinions rarely occured in the movie because white people grade was higher than black people in such movie.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Discrimination in Sports as a Risk of Human Rights Violations in Ukraine

The urgency of the issue in question lies in the need to improve anti-discrimination legislation in Ukraine. The article aims to summarize the current state of combating discrimination in sports. Research methods include analysis, generalization, and the formal-logical method. The article summarizes international acts that promote the prohibition of discrimination and the need to combat it. One of the main problems in world sport is racial discrimination, and there are three types of racism in sports. The main disadvantage of laws that lead to imperfect prosecution mechanism is entirely criminal liability for discrimination, even though the law on preventing and combating discrimination also implies administrative and civil liability. The article analyzes some positive foreign experience in combating and counteracting in sports. It shows that the priority areas for combating and counteracting discrimination in sports in Ukraine should be: (a) improving the legislation in terms of prosecution; (b) establishing a special body responsible for combating and counteracting discrimination in sports; (c) introducing educational tools in schools and among members of sports organizations that promote human rights, regardless of race, colour or other characteristics. Emphasis is placed on the fact that an effective mechanism of legal regulation together with preventive measures should guarantee the protection of the rights of both athletes and fans. The obtained results can serve as the basis of legislative proposals to improve the fight against discrimination in sports, which will ensure the protection of human rights.

Netnography Study: Racism Against TikTok Account @mingokwamkilama16

The purpose of this study is to find out what types of racism are experienced by TikTok users who have an account named @mingokwamkilama16. This research is to find out what racist words are expressed by TikTok users. Besides that, it also wants to find out what types of racism are happening. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach to analyze social media data, namely with NVivo 12Plus to analyze TikTok social media content and data. The data is taken from the TikTok account @mingokwamkilama16, consists of 5 contents, and gets data of 50 discriminatory comments. The results show that the Papuan tribe often experiences acts of racism when using social media, such as creating content on the Tiktok application, and creating an @mingokwamkilama16 account, which is often discriminated against by other Tiktok users. Of the three indicators studied, the most dominant is discrimination on race, which reaches 70% of the data. This shows that racial discrimination is prevalent, this attitude can make account users feel hurt, and many are physically disturbed. Papuan people are also part of Indonesia, but Indonesian people are also racist toward them. There are still many Tiktok users who lack education about Indonesian races.

Color lines: Disparities in pharmacy treatment, education, and practice

Color lines: Disparities in pharmacy treatment, education, and practice

Understanding the types of racism and its effect on mental health among Muslim women in Victoria

ABSTRACT Background: Discrimination against racial and ethnic minority groups, especially the Muslim community, is more prevalent in Western countries and anti-Muslim belief, or Islamophobia, is also increasing around the world. Intersectionality of religion, race, and gender makes Muslim women vulnerable to racism. This study investigates different types of racism experienced by Muslim and non-Muslim women living in Victoria, Australia, and the adverse mental health outcome to them after experiencing racism. Method: Survey data were collected from 580 culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) Victorian women from four local areas including both rural and urban communities. The survey asked about the participant’s racism experience, types of racism, frequency of occurrence, and used the Kessler 6 Psychological Distress Scale to assess psychological distress after experiencing racism. The applied logistic regression analysis to assess the association between types of racism experiences and socio-demographic factors and to examine the impact of racism on individuals’ psychological distress. Result: Muslim women, in general, had higher odds of experiencing racism (OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.02–2.83) than non-Muslim women, including types of racism such as being sworn at or verbally abused or exposed to offensive gestures (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.11–2.85) and being told that they do not belong in Australia and should go back to their country (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.00–2.58). Muslim women were more likely to be above the threshold for high or very high psychological distress than non-Muslim women, consistent across most types of racism. Conclusion: This study has found a higher prevalence of racism experienced by Muslim women compared to other ethnic minority groups and some types of racism are more likely to occur or be more toxic for Muslim women. Necessary intervention strategies should be implemented at every level of the society to raise awareness of and reduce exposure to racism among Muslim women.

Systemic Racism in Canadian Occupational Therapy: A Qualitative Study with Therapists.

Background. Research on racism within occupational therapy is scant, though there are hints that racialized therapists struggle. Purpose. This paper examines experiences of racism in occupational therapy, including coping strategies and resistance. Method. Ten therapists from racialized groups (not including Indigenous peoples) were recruited for cross-Canada, in-person or telephone interviews. Transcripts were coded and inductively analysed, with data thematically organized by types of racism and responses. Findings. Interpersonal racism involving clients, students, colleagues and managers is supported by institutional racism when incidents of racism are met with inaction, and racialized therapists are rarely in leadership roles. Structural racism means the experiences of racialized people are negated within the profession. Cognitive sense-making becomes a key coping strategy, especially when resistance is costly. Implications. Peer supports and community building among racialized therapists may be beneficial, but dismantling structures of racism demands interrogating how whiteness is built into business-as-usual in occupational therapy.

RACISM ASPECT IN GET OUT MOVIE DIRECTED BY JORDAN PEELE

&lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;The purpose of this &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;research&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;is&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; to determine all aspects of racism in the Get Out film, especially the type of racism, the effects of racism and the type of stereotype. This &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;research&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; used descriptive qualitative method. The data is collected through films that are watched repeatedly and analyzed by the writer and the writer looks for a theory that is in accordance with the observation process from the opinions of experts, journals, books, and social media, then compared with existing opinions. The author uses the theory of Samovar and Maher, well-known researchers who study racism and discrimination. The author found that the racism experienced by Chris Washington in the film Get Out was developed from the beginning to the end of the story. The result of the research film Racism is a belief system or doctrine which states that biological differences inherent in the human race determine cultural or individual attainment - that one race is superior and has the right to rule over another. The results of this study can be concluded that the types of racism are divided into two forms, namely Individual Racism and Micro-Aggression Racism.&lt;/em&gt; &lt;em&gt;And also, this &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;research&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; can be concluded that there are two stereotypes of racism, namely discrimination and prejudice.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Racism, the Highest Stage of Anti-Communism

There are many and different types of racism in contemporary Russia: institutional racism, far-right racism, everyday (bytovoi) racism, and a fourth kind to which this essay will be devoted, the racism of the liberal intelligentsia. Russian liberal media's reaction to the BLM protests of 2020 has offered abundant material for the study of its social base, main tropes, and underlying logic. This article attempts to historicize it, locating its origins in the anti-Soviet pro-western dissidence of the stagnation era and illustrating its workings through some statements made by Joseph Brodsky and his milieu. Furthermore, the article identifies the intersection of two main ideas from which this racism emerges. In the first place, this is Cold-War rejection of real or perceived Soviet alliances with newly decolonized countries of Africa and Asia or with African Americans during the Civil Rights era. In the second place, this is dissident civilizational hierarchies that placed the west at the top and saw the east or the south as a backward space best avoided.

Relations between racial stress and critical consciousness for black adolescents

Black adolescents may use critical consciousness to cope with stress from experiences of racism. In the current study (n = 594; Mage = 15.4), we used structural equation modeling to examine how stress from individual, institutional, and cultural racism may directly and indirectly relate to critical reflection, critical agency, and critical action for Black adolescents. Analyses indicated that individual and cultural racial stress were positively related to critical reflection and critical agency. Further, all three types of racism were directly related to critical action. Individual and cultural racial stress were also related to critical action indirectly through critical reflection – perceived inequality and critical agency. Altogether, these findings provide empirical evidence for how experiences of racism motivate critical consciousness development for Black adolescents. In efforts to bolster critical consciousness, practitioners may consider providing space and time for Black youth to discuss their own experiences of racism.

The Concept of Imago Dei as a Symbol of Religious Inclusion and Human Dignity

This article aims to examine how the concept of Imago Dei can serve as a symbol for the broadly understood idea of religious inclusion and human dignity. The article explores the concept of Imago Dei primarily from a protological perspective, analyzing its usage in biblical writings, theological tradition and modern philosophy. The substantial, relational and functional—which three usages of the concept can be found in the inclusive theology of Gregory of Nyssa—are analyzed in this article. Arguably, in the context of religious inclusion, the relational angle of Imago Dei seems to be the most important. Similarly contemporary Protestant theologian, Jürgen Moltmann states in his book, God in the Creation, that the “relational” concept of Imago Dei underscores the fundamental dignity of every person. In his book, God for Secular Society, Moltmann states that properly understood human rights should include democratic relationships between people, cooperation between societies, concern for the environment in which people live, and responsibility for future generations. From these perspectives, the concept of Imago Dei can be utilized as a symbol indicating the dignity of every person and human community, but also a symbol against any types of racism, nationalism or xenophobia.

Racism against Totonaco women in Veracruz: Intercultural competences for health professionals are necessary.

Racism is a neglected but relevant cause of health disparities within multi-ethnic societies. Different types of racism and other expressions of discrimination must be recognized, critically analyzed, and actively reverted. This paper is based on anthropological fieldwork conducted in three medical facilities in the indigenous region Sierra de Totonacapan in the highlands of Veracruz in Mexico and analyzes maternal health and identifies levels of racism as perceived by female indigenous patients. Applying a theoretical framework that defines racism at three levels, namely, institutionalized, personally mediated, and internalized racism. We empirically distinguish and acknowledge human rights omissions and violations and then analyze the sources of racism in close relation to an intersectional view on gender-, class-, and race-based forms of discrimination. Finally, in addition to investment in health goods and skilled birth attendants, we propose an intercultural competence approach to manage racism, among other ideologies. This approach targets health professionals as conscious, reflexive, and transformative actors of intercultural interactions with culturally diverse patients.

RACISM IN “THE HELP” MOVIE BY TATE TAYLOR (A SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH)

This research discusses the discrimination by white people to black people in “The Help” Movie. Black people and white people are separated by many rules that make black people is intimidating, so racism is still growing up until generations. This research aims to analyze the history, concept or types of racism and the struggle that also does by black people in “The Help” Movie. This research used descriptive qualitative methods. The researcher used the Sociological approach to identify and to find out the types of racism contained in The Help movie. In addition, from the result of the analysis, it was found that there are 4 types or concepts of racism in “The Help” Movie, such as the internalized, interpersonal, institutional and societal types by using Paradies and William’s theory. In the last result of analysis, the researcher also found the Struggle that does by the black people in “The Help” Movie. Keywords: Movie, Racism, Sociological Approach.

Breastfeeding Support: Statistics Don't Tell the Whole Story

Breastfeeding Support: Statistics Don't Tell the Whole Story

THE RACISM PORTRAYED IN DJANGO UNCHAINED BY QUENTIN TARANTINO

The study is aimed to analyze Racism in Django Unchained by Quentin Tarantino usingsocio-psychological approach. The analysis used only three types of racism from five categories in Django Unchained, which are Blatant Racism, Cover Rasim, and Unintentional Racism and the impact of them in the character‘s psychological condition around environment. The method is qualitative method. Based on the research findings, it was found that there are five of racisms. They are getting after reading the scripts, watching the film and understanding precisely the Django Unchained movie.