Types Of Premature Ejaculation Research Articles

Variations in objectively measured sleep parameters in patients with different premature ejaculation syndromes.

Poor sleep quality is now a cause of sexual dysfunction. To investigate variations in sleep quality among patients with different types of premature ejaculation (PE) and a control group. Patients with PE were categorized into groups according to 4 types: lifelong (LPE), acquired (APE), variable (VPE), and subjective (SPE). Basic demographic information about the participants was first collected, and then clinical data were obtained. Outcomes included the 5-item International Index of Erectile Function, Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool, 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder, 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, self-estimated intravaginal ejaculation latency time (minutes), and sleep monitoring parameters obtained from a wearable device (Fitbit Charge 2). A total of 215 participants were enrolled in the study, of which 136 patients with PE were distributed as follows: LPE (31.62%), APE (42.65%), VPE (10.29%), and SPE (15.44%). Subjective scales showed that patients with APE were accompanied by a higher prevalence of erectile dysfunction, anxiety, and depression, as well as poorer sleep quality (assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index). The results of objective sleep parameters revealed that average durations of sleep onset latency (minutes) and wake after sleep onset (minutes) in patients with APE (mean ± SD; 20.03 ± 9.14, 55 ± 23.15) were significantly higher than those with LPE (15.07 ± 5.19, 45.09 ± 20.14), VPE (13.64 ± 3.73, 38.14 ± 11.53), and SPE (14.81 ± 4.33, 42.86 ± 13.14) and the control group (12.48 ± 3.45, 37.14 ± 15.01; P < .05). The average duration of rapid eye movement (REM; minutes) in patients with APE (71.34 ± 23.18) was significantly lower than that in patients with LPE (79.67 ± 21.53), VPE (85.93 ± 6.93), and SPE (80.86 ± 13.04) and the control group (86.56 ± 11.93; P < .05). Similarly, when compared with the control group, patients with LPE had significantly longer durations of sleep onset latency and wake after sleep onset and a significantly shorter duration of REM sleep. Our study suggests that clinicians should pay attention not only to male physical assessment but also to mental health and sleep quality. This study suggests that changes in sleep structure occur in patients with PE, which may provide some direction for future research. However, the cross-sectional study design does not allow us to conclude that sleep is a risk factor for PE. After controlling for traditional parameters such as age, erectile dysfunction, anxiety, and depression, sleep parameters are independently associated with PE. Patients with APE and LPE show significant alterations in sleep parameters, with patients with APE having notably poorer sleep quality, whereas patients with VPE and SPE have sleep parameters similar to controls.

Stigma and its associations with self-confidence and sexual relations in 4 types of premature ejaculation

BackgroundAlthough men with premature ejaculation (PE) always show more negative emotions, including embarrassment, guilt and worry, this may be related to the stigma of PE. To investigated stigma and its associations with self-confidence and sexual relations in 4 PE syndromes, a survey was conducted in our hospital from December 2018 to December 2019 among 350 men with self-reported PE and 252 men without self-reported PE. The stigma, self-confidence and sexual relations were assessed by the Social Impact Scale (SIS) and Self-Esteem and Relationship questionnaire (SEAR), respectively. Ejaculation control, sexual life satisfaction and distress caused by PE were evaluated by the Index of PE.ResultsMen with self-reported PE had higher internalized shame and social isolation scores and lower SEAR scores than control subjects. The highest score of internalized shame and social isolation and the lowest score of SEAR appeared in men with lifelong PE (LPE). After age adjustment, the positive relationships were stronger between distress about PE and internalized shame. Whereas, the stronger negative associations were found between social isolation and sexual satisfaction. The strongest association was observed between social isolation and sexual relationship. Therefore, the stigma associated with PE adversely affects the self-confidence, self-esteem, and sexual relationships of men with PE.ConclusionMen with PE, especially LPE, have a high level of stigma and disharmonious sexual relations, and often lack self-confidence and self-esteem, which have a certain negative impact on their physical and mental health and life. These will be the key issues to be considered when we formulate a personalized treatment plan for PE.

Comparison of acquired and lifelong premature ejaculation and predictive values of acquired premature ejaculation in clinical presentation: A clinical study

Aim: Premature ejaculation is the most common form of male sexual disease observed clinically. In spite of this, the etiologic factors and disease pathophysiology are still not fully understood. This study compares the most frequently observed premature ejaculation forms to investigate the effective predictive factors in the occurrence of this disease.Materials and Methods: The clinical records of a total of 109 patients were retrospectively investigated for two types of premature ejaculation with 64 patients in the lifelong group and 42 patients in the acquired group. The study included demographic data like age, marital status and body mass index (BMI), parameters like metabolic syndrome (metS) components according to the cholesterol study group of blood triglycerides, high density (HDL) cholesterol, and fasting blood sugar and measured testosterone. Additionally, the internationally ejaculation latent time(IELT), premature ejaculation- diagnostic tool (PE-DT), internationally prostate symptom score (IPSS), internationally index of erectile function (IIEF) and premature ejaculation (PE)anxiety scoring forms were included in the study.Results: Among demographic data, there were statistical differences between the ages in the groups (30.6±7.7 vs 44.4±10.1, respectively, p 0.001). Additionally, fasting blood sugar (FBS), triglyceride, HDL cholesterol and testosterone values were statistically different between the groups (p0.001) and these values were worse in the acquired PE group. Hypertension rates were higher in the acquired PE group compared to the lifelong PE group (9 (21.4%) vs 5 (7.8%), p0.001). The IIEF score was lower in the acquired PE group (p0.001). Logistic regression analysis found age and FBS were independent predictive factors [Odds ratio (ODs); 1.144 and 1.044, respectively]. ROC analysis found the cut-off points and AUC values for age and FBS were 36.5 yearsand0.856 and 102.5 gr/dl and 0.746, respectively.Conclusion: The association of metS components, LUTS and acquired PE was constant. In light of these findings, different from lifelong PE, there is benefit to orienting toward the causes of this disease primarily for treatment of acquired PE.

Temperament-Character Traits and Attitudes Toward Premature Ejaculation in 4 Types of Premature Ejaculation

BackgroundAlthough temperament-character traits and attitudes toward premature ejaculation (PE) are known to be associated with PE, it is of great significance to study them in PE. Moreover, few studies have evaluated these traits and attitudes in the new classification of 4 subtypes of PE. AimWe investigated the temperament-character traits and attitudes toward PE in 4 types of PE and their associations with PE. MethodsBetween December 2018 and December 2019, we conducted a survey in our hospital, and enrolled 350 men who complained of PE and 252 men without any complaint of PE. Temperament-character traits and attitudes toward PE were independently assessed by the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised and several targeted questions, respectively. The Index of Premature Ejaculation (IPE) was used to evaluate ejaculation control, sexual life satisfaction, and distress caused by PE. OutcomesThe outcomes included differences of temperament-character traits and attitudes toward PE among 2 groups and their associations with PE. ResultsOf the 2 groups, men with PE complaints had lower novelty seeking/self-transcendence (NS/ST) scores and higher harm avoidance (HA) scores vs men without any complaints of PE. Among the 4 types of PE, men with variable PE had the highest score of HA and lowest score of NS; the lowest score of ST was recorded in men with lifelong PE. Additionally, the total and subdomain scores of IPE in men with subjective PE were higher than the other subtypes of PE. After adjusting for age, positive correlations were observed in HA score and total and subdomain scores of IPE, whereas the inverse was true corresponding to NS and ST. Clinical ImplicationsThe current study has provided a new perspective for understanding the impact of psychological factors on PE. Strengths & LimitationsThis is the first study to systematically assess the effects of personality traits and attitudes on PE, especially among the 4 types of PE. The main drawback is that the generalizability of this study may be limited by the fact that it was conducted in a single cultural/societal background. ConclusionMen who complained of PE tended to react with indifference or rejection to novelty, tended to feel unsatisfied, cannot effectively adapt to changes in the surrounding environment, and tended to avoid situations involving risk. These characteristics could lead to their becoming disheartened when faced with PE. Furthermore, the attitude of men with PE reflects the needs of the patient during treatment from one aspect.Gao P, Gao J Wang Y, et al. Temperament-Character Traits and Attitudes Toward Premature Ejaculation in 4 Types of Premature Ejaculation. J Sex Med 2021;18:72–82.

243 The Impact of Intravaginal Ejaculatory Latency Time and Erectile Function on Anxiety and Depression in the Four Types of Premature Ejaculation: A Large Cross-Sectional Study in A Chinese Population

243 The Impact of Intravaginal Ejaculatory Latency Time and Erectile Function on Anxiety and Depression in the Four Types of Premature Ejaculation: A Large Cross-Sectional Study in A Chinese Population

AB150. The impact of intravaginal ejaculatory latency time and erectile function on anxiety and depression in the four types of premature ejaculation: a large cross-sectional study in a Chinese population

AimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT) and erectile function on anxiety and depression among patients with PE in general and according to the four types of PE.MethodsBetween September 2011 and September 2012, we conducted a cross-sectional study in the Anhui province of China. We enrolled 4,000 men aged over 18 years, each of whom had been in a stable, monogamous, heterosexual relationship with the same partner for at least 6 months.Main outcome measurementsSelf-estimated IELT, the international index of erectile function-5 (IIEF-5) and the Zung self-rating anxiety and depression scales (SAS/SDS) were used to measure PE, erectile dysfunction (ED), anxiety, and depression, respectively, among the entire study population.ResultsOf the 3,016 men evaluated, 25.80% complained of PE. Distribution of the four types of PE among men with PE was as follows: LPE, 12.34%; APE, 18.77%; NVPE, 44.09%; PLED, 24.81%. Men with PE presented lower IIEF-5 scores and higher SAS and SDS scores vs. men without PE (P<0.001 for all). Similar findings were observed in men with APE when compared with other PE syndromes. After adjustment for age in men with PE, IELT was negatively associated with SAS and SDS scores (SAS, adjusted r=–0.42, P<0.001; SDS, adjusted r=–0.45, P<0.001). IIEF-5 score was negatively associated with SAS and SDS scores (SAS, adjusted r=–0.54, P<0.001; SDS, adjusted r=–0.50, P<0.001). These negative relationships were strongest in men with PLED (IELT vs. SAS: adjusted r=–0.63, P<0.001; IELT vs. SDS, adjusted r=–0.60, P<0.001; IIEF-5 vs. SAS: adjusted r=–0.57, P<0.001; IELT vs. SDS, adjusted r=–0.55, P<0.001).ConclusionsAPE patients reported higher rates of ED, anxiety, and depression than men with other types of PE. The negative relationships between IELT/IIEF-5 and SAS/SDS were strongest in men with PLED.

The Impact of Intravaginal Ejaculatory Latency Time and Erectile Function on Anxiety and Depression in the Four Types of Premature Ejaculation: A Large Cross-Sectional Study in a Chinese Population

A new classification of premature ejaculation (PE) has been proposed, including the categories of lifelong PE (LPE), acquired PE (APE), natural variable PE (NVPE), and premature-like ejaculatory dysfunction (PLED). The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT) and erectile function on anxiety and depression among patients with PE in general and according to the four types of PE. Between September 2011 and September 2012, we conducted a cross-sectional study in the Anhui province of China. We enrolled 4,000 men aged over 18 years, each of whom had been in a stable, monogamous, heterosexual relationship with the same partner for at least 6 months. Self-estimated IELT, the International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) and the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety and Depression Scales (SAS/SDS) were used to measure PE, erectile dysfunction (ED), anxiety, and depression, respectively, among the entire study population. Of the 3,016 men evaluated, 25.80% complained of PE. Distribution of the four types of PE among men with PE was as follows: LPE, 12.34%; APE, 18.77%; NVPE, 44.09%; PLED, 24.81%. Men with PE presented lower IIEF-5 scores and higher SAS and SDS scores vs. men without PE (P < 0.001 for all). Similar findings were observed in men with APE when compared with other PE syndromes. After adjustment for age in men with PE, IELT was negatively associated with SAS and SDS scores (SAS, adjusted r = -0.42, P < 0.001; SDS, adjusted r = -0.45, P < 0.001). IIEF-5 score was negatively associated with SAS and SDS scores (SAS, adjusted r = -0.54, P < 0.001; SDS, adjusted r = -0.50, P < 0.001). These negative relationships were strongest in men with PLED (IELT vs. SAS: adjusted r = -0.63, P < 0.001; IELT vs. SDS, adjusted r = -0.60, P < 0.001; IIEF-5 vs. SAS: adjusted r = -0.57, P < 0.001; IELT vs. SDS, adjusted r = -0.55, P < 0.001). APE patients reported higher rates of ED, anxiety, and depression than men with other types of PE. The negative relationships between IELT/IIEF-5 and SAS/SDS were strongest in men with PLED.

Clinical and therapeutic studies in premature ejaculation.

Abstract Thirty male subjects, who presented in a psychiatric outpatient department with a primary complaint of premature ejaculation, were studied prospectively to provide clinical and psychological data. Clinically, three main types of premature ejaculation were recognized. “Type 1” was habitual premature ejaculation with strong erections, present constantly since adolescence. “Type 2” was acute onset premature ejaculation generally with erectional insufficiency, occurring in young males, usually in response to a specific psychological or psycho-physical stress. “Type 3” was insidious onset premature ejaculation generally with erectional insufficiency and other evidence of declining sexual responsiveness occurring in generally older males. Treatment, which was practically oriented, aimed to remove psychological factors that the therapist judged might be contributing to the prematurity. It was applied for a minimum of one year (20 sessions) and consisted in the individual case of an optimum permutation of training in relaxation, sexual education, provision of optimum sexual stimulation, Semans' maneuver,9 and psychotherapy. At the time of assessment, 43 per cent of the patients were improved, while 57 per cent remained unchanged or were worse. “Type 1” premature ejaculation had the worst outcome of treatment and “Type 2” the best. “Type 3” occupied an intermediary position. Although the present series is small on the basis of developmental history, clinical description and treatment response, it is suggested that there are at least three etiologically discrete types of premature ejaculation.