Waste stabilisation pond technology has advanced greatly in terms of application and reliability and this has come from the wealth of modern research. Pond technology can be designed to meet exacting effluent standards and can treat both domestic sewage and a wide range of industrial wastewaters. They are now very much on a par with other wastewater treatment technologies. A wide range of pond types now exist allowing for flexibility in design and optimisation of the process to meet a particular applications or set of conditions. Ponds can be made to combine treatment and effluent storage and are the best and cheapest option for treating wastewaters for subsequent reuse in aquaculture and agriculture. Ponds can be designed to produce large quantities of algal biomass for animal and potential human consumption and for energy production via methane. Ponds are thus a modern wastewater reclamation and resource recovery technology in tune with current environmental thinking.