Types Of Pomace Research Articles

Black and Red Currant Pomaces as Raw Materials to Create Smoothies with In Vitro Health-Promoting Potential.

Pomace is a by-product resulting from the pressing of fruits and vegetables into juices, and it is typically treated as waste. Interestingly, pomace contains minimal amounts of protein and fat but is characterized by its high polyphenol and dietary fiber contents, which may have health benefits for human physiology. Therefore, they are a potentially attractive raw material for the food industry, but to our knowledge, no smoothies with their addition have been prepared and described so far. Consequently, products derived from apple juice, incorporating different doses of fresh (6% and 12%) and dried (3% and 6%) black or red currant pomace, were formulated, and their physical properties, chemical composition, bioactive compound content, and health-promoting potential (in vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activity) were evaluated. Additionally, the products underwent sensory assessment by consumers. The fortified beverages exhibited different physical characteristics and chemical compositions than apple juice. All smoothies were characterized by higher concentrations of anthocyanins, flavonols, and procyanidin polymers compared to the base product. Moreover, 75% of them exhibited a significantly elevated phenolic acid content as well as a higher concentration of flavan-3-ols. The majority of fresh smoothies exhibited significantly higher in vitro antioxidant capacities and increased in vitro α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory effects compared to the base product. The highest ABTS activity was recorded in the variant with 6% dried black currant pomace. In turn, the smoothie with 3% dried red currant pomace had the most effective FRAP effect and, together with the product containing 12% fresh black currant pomace, ORAC antioxidant activity and α-glucosidase inhibition also. The introduction of 6% dried red currant pomace led to the creation of a beverage that most effectively inhibited α-glucosidase. The study showed that the application of various types of pomace, mainly that of black currant, into apple juice enables the development of new functional products with sensory attributes that are favorably evaluated by consumers.

Green extraction, chemical profile and biological activity of waste products from the olive oil industry: From waste to wealth

Olive oil is the most used vegetable oil for human consumption and its production represents an important economic sector, especially in Mediterranean countries. Olive trees are grown in more than 40 countries around the world on over 10 million hectares. The milling industry generates large quantities of liquid and solid residues, the disposal of which requires sophisticated and rather expensive procedures, given the polluting characteristics of the processing products. Since a considerable measure of olive-derived biomass is generated each year, it could be used as a potential source of bioactive compounds. This work evaluates the possibility of recovering natural antioxidants from by-products of the olive oil mill, through the optimization of extraction processes with green approaches. In the present work, through HPLC-PDA analysis with a validated method, it was possible to characterize a chemical profile of the extracts obtained through an optimized (DoE) and green approach. The waste products of the olive oil companies represent the samples considered in this work, and are derived from the pomace and the washing water of 2-phases, 2.5-phases, and 3-phase extra virgin olive oil (EVO) production plants. The optimized extraction methodology, starting from the 2.5-phase olive pomace, proved to be satisfactory in terms of efficiency by evaluating the effect of parameters such as extraction time and process temperature. The application of this methodology to other types of pomace and agro-industrial by-products has highlighted excellent results in terms of extraction yield, demonstrating the validity of this procedure as also suitable for other solid residues coming from the olive oil mill. Regarding the treatment in vegetation water, the developed protocol allowed the chromatographic profile of the analytes extracted from this matrix to be evaluated, leading to satisfactory results in terms of quantitative yields. Samples of these extracts are also subjected to biological tests in order to evaluate their antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activities.

Application of a Designed Mixed Model Approach for Antioxidant Extraction from Pomace

Pomace is a residue of juice production, but still holds many valuable compounds, such as antioxidants. However, efficient extraction proves to be challenging, as extractability is highly dependent on experimental conditions. Furthermore, antioxidants are also often retained by structural polysaccharides. Consequently, this study investigates the extractability of antioxidants in five different types of pomace in a 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 full factorial fully replicated design to determine the most efficient way of extraction. Therefore, extracting agent, temperature, extraction method and use of enzyme to break down structural components were alternated to investigate the effects of these parameters on the extractability. Main effects as well as interaction effects were estimated with linear mixed models. To study the effects of polysaccharides on the retention of antioxidants, the amount of soluble polysaccharides was measured and connected to the antioxidant capacity at each experimental condition. The experiments showed that acetone was most suitable as an extracting agent and that the use of pectinase significantly increased the amount of extracted antioxidants. Additionally, ultrasound-assisted extraction is advantageous compared to extraction in water bath. Temperature showed the lowest effect in this experimental design. Lastly, the results also highlight that the amount of soluble polysaccharides does not correlate with the extractability of antioxidants.

Flavanol Content and Nutritional Quality of Wastes from the Making of White and Rosé Wines from Mountain Vineyards

The present work examines the flavanol content of the seed waste resulting from the production of white and rosé wines from mountain-cultivated grapes in northern Spain, the cold-press-extracted oils of these seeds, and the leftover pelleted seed husks. In addition, both oils were analyzed to determine their nutritional quality and physicochemical characteristics. Flavanols, particularly the dimers procyanidin B1 and procyanidin B2, were abundant in all waste fractions from both types of pomace, although the highest concentrations of flavanols were found in the white grape pomace and its extracted oil. The white grapeseed oil had 10 times more flavanol than the rosé grapeseed oil. The values for the nutritional variables measured for both oils, although they differed, were within the limits established by the Codex Alimentarius for edible vegetable oils.

Dietary rationing of date pomace, tomatoes, grapes and their mixing in the initiator period and its effect on some productive traits and some fasting bacteria in the small intestine of broilers

This study aims to compare the effect of diluting the feed provided to broilers with the remains of canning factories (dates, tomatoes, grapes and their mixture) on some productive traits and some jejunum bacteria. It is located in the field of poultry at the Faculty of Agriculture and Marshlands. In the experiment, 240 unsexed, 1-day-old Ros-308 chicks, average starting weight 42g, were used. Chicks were fed a standard initial diet for 1-7 days. Chicks were randomly distributed to five treatments, 48 ​​chicks for each treatment (16 chicks for each replicate). The experimental diets were used from the beginning of the second week until the end of the third week (14 days) as follows: (T1: control diet diluted with no dilution) (T2: control diet diluted with 20% date pomace) (T3): control diet diluted with 20 % tomato pomace) (T4: control diet diluted with 20 pomace) from 20% grape pomace diet (T5: control diet diluted 20% of a homogeneous and equal mixture of three types of pomace), and after the end of the third week, the serving was increased For everyone until the end of the trial period. At the end of the experiment, there were no significant differences in economic growth and growth results in traits (live weight rate, weight gain rate, feed consumption rate, feed conversion efficiency) with an arithmetic improvement in traits in all production traits. In favor of the two treatments (T5, T3), the result was a significant increase (p≤0.05) in the number of lactobacilli bacteria in the jejunal part of the small intestine with a significant decrease in the total of aerobic bacteria and Escherichia coli.

The Kinetics of Two-Step Ellagitannin Extraction from the By-products of Selected Processed Fruits of the family Rosaceae

AbstractThe paper presents the kinetics of two-step ellagitannin (ET) extraction with an aqueous acetone solution from two technological types of pomace from selected berry fruits of the Rosaceae family. ETs were identified and quantified using HPLC–MS and HPLC–DAD. The results revealed the extraction kinetics of total ETs, their high and low molecular weight fractions (≤ 1569 Da and > 1569 Da), and individual ETs characteristic of the examined fruits. ET extraction proceeded at a faster rate in the first step, regardless of the tested pomace. For all pomace variants, the mean extraction half time t1/2 was 48 min in the first step and 70 min in the second step. The fruit species and the technological type of pomace were not found to exert a definite effect on the kinetics of ET extraction. Statistical analysis demonstrated that the molecular weight of ETs did not influence the kinetics of their extraction, either. It was shown that the technological type of pomace had a significant impact on the extraction rate of both low molecular weight (LMW) and high molecular weight (HMW) ETs in the first extraction step, with the mean t1/2 being 44 min for pomace from juice production and 63 min for pomace from puree production.

Fruit pomace as a source of alternative fibers and cellulose nanofiber as reinforcement agent to create molded pulp packaging boards

Fruit pomace (FP) as a source of fiber partially replaced recycled newspaper (NP) to create molded pulp boards (FPBs). Blueberry (BP), cranberry (CP), and apple pomace (AP) with different fiber compositions and morphologies were studied for their compatibility with NP. Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) was used to improve adhesion between FP and NP. FP/NP ratio and CNF concentration were optimized via central composite design to create FPBs with lower water absorption, and similar flexural strength and strain to 100% newspaper board (NPB). Lignocellulosic composition and fiber morphology of FP affected its compatibility with NP. Incorporating CNF reduced water absorption and increased flexural strength and strain of FPBs, but the amount of required CNF varied among the types of pomace. This study demonstrated that FP can partially substitute NP to create FPBs with better or similar properties to 100% NPB.

Evaluation of Questor urine screening system for bacteriuria and pyuria.

To evaluate the Questor automated bacteriuria and pyuria screening system; to compare its performance with that of a reference method; and to assess its usefulness in a routine clinical laboratory. The Questor urine screening system was compared with a comprehensive regimen to detect urinary tract infection, using pour-plate viable counts to determine the numbers of bacteria present in urine samples, a wide range of other cultural methods, microscopic findings and clinical information. The optimal performance in detecting significant growths was a sensitivity of 93%, a specificity of 74%, a positive predictive value of 43% and a negative predictive value of 98%. The list price per test is 0.17 pounds and the capital cost of the system is 39,950 pounds. Questor can test 50 samples an hour and can be operated by one member of the laboratory staff, who is not required to make interpretative judgments--for example, a medical laboratory assistant. The sensitivity and specificity of the Questor was better than that obtained from other screening systems using the same protocol. The system was easy to use and is a useful addition to the methods available for screening for bacteriuria.