Polyester Type Research Articles

Investigating the effects of microplastics on the metabolism of Trematomus bernacchii from the ross sea (Antarctica)

Microplastic pollution is a growing environmental issue, even reaching remote areas like the Arctic and Antarctic, posing threats to biodiversity and food chains. The present research represents a pioneering endeavor aimed at exploring the relationship between lipids and microplastics in 20 wild specimens of Trematomus bernacchii from the Ross Sea (Antarctica). Fish were grouped in MPs-ingested and MPs-free based on whether they had ingested microplastics. Raman spectroscopy revealed that contaminated fish samples contained from one to three different types of polymeric fibers (1.4 items/specimen, ± = 0.7), specifically, polyester (PES), polypropylene (PP), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) techniques were employed for the study of the lipid composition in term of fatty acids methyl esters (FAMEs). Fifty different FAME compounds were identified and quantified in the lipid fraction extracted from the muscle tissues of the selected fish samples. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are the most abundant family of fatty acids in T. bernacchii species with eicosapentaenoic (C20:5ω3) and docosahexaenoic (C22:6ω3) acids as main components. In detail, PUFA class accounted for 46.78 ± 6.82% and 44.62 ± 4.86% of the total fatty acid composition in MPs-ingested and MPs-free groups, respectively. The contents of the monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and saturated fatty acids (SFAs) varied from 27.93% to 31.15% and from 24.23% to 25.05% in MPs-ingested and MPs-free fish samples, respectively. Based on Mann-Whitney test results (p < 0.05), there was no significant difference from a statistical point of view between two groups of fishes. Additionally, nutritional quality indices exhibited comparable values between groups. Results showed that no significant differences were found in the fatty acids distribution between the two groups. This indicates that the lipid composition of wild fish that are naturally exposed to plastic pollution remains unchanged and could still have beneficial effects on human health.

Microplastics in urban water cycles: Looking for a more scientific approach for sampling and characterization in wastewater and drinking water treatment plants

Specific campaigns to detect microplastics (MPs) in the urban water cycle were carried out in three drinking water plants and two wastewater treatment plants. A self-designed sampler for MPs detection in water matrices was in this study preliminary validated and then tested in long term campaigns sampling up to 1000 L. Raw drinking water and wastewater show microplastics (MPs) concentrations of 2–11 and of 480–801 MPs/m3, respectively, and MPs removals of 47–78 % and of 84–98 %, correspondingly. Specific roles of chemical and physical conventional processes in microplastics removals were investigated. Solid-liquid separation, flotation and filtration are the main processes for achieving high microplastics removal. Regarding concentrated matrices, MPs concentrations in sludge samples varied in the range of 5000–500,000 MPs/m3. Finally, shapes, size classes and polymers' typologies were investigated in the extracted MPs. The detected sizes are mainly 0.5–0.1 mm in drinking waters while 5–1 mm in wastewaters. Wastewaters were predominated by synthetic fibers (polyester type), while drinking waters were mainly characterized by fragments and the fibers were mostly of natural origin. Finally, the results of this study supported best practices and guidelines for a representative assessment of MPs in water (sampling methods, extraction procedures, characterization and quantification).

Enzymatic depolymerization of polyester: Foaming as a pretreatment to increase specific surface area

AbstractPoly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is widely used for its high strength‐to‐weight ratio, gas barrier properties, and chemical resistance. The growing PET use highlights the demand for a better recycling system. Enzymatic recycling, alongside mechanical and chemical methods, is eco‐friendly and yields properties similar to virgin PET. Substrate properties (Tg, crystallinity, and specific surface area [SSA]) and enzyme stability significantly impact conversion efficiency. Higher SSA and lower crystallinity tend to yield improved depolymerization when employing leaf compost‐cutinase (LCC‐ICCG) enzymes. This study explored melt extrusion and foaming as pretreatment techniques to modify PET structural properties, using a low‐cost chemical foaming agent (CFA). The monomer conversion rate and efficiency during depolymerization were measured and related to the processing, extrudate micro‐ and meso‐structure, and polyester type. Pretreated PET substrates showed reduced Tg, crystallinity, density, and enhanced SSA, resulting in a 90% mass loss for foamed RPET and VPET substrates within 2 days. In contrast, PET with ~30% of cyclohexanedimethanol comonomer exhibited a nearly 50% lower depolymerization rate, with zero BHET production. It indicates that the combination of low crystallinity, low Tg, and high SSA leads to improved monomer conversion. These findings emphasize the significance of amorphization and foaming in enhancing PET enzymatic depolymerization.

Mechanical characteristics of blended Renova®/polyester microfiber double cloth woven fabrics for active sportswear applications

Purpose This study aims to accommodate the mechanical characteristics that comply with the spectra of active sportswear by taking the innovative features of double-layered fabric (double cloth) and polyester yarn. The research focused on blending two types of polyester: Renova® and polyester microfiber with different weave structures in both face and back layers for fabricated fabrics. Force resistance was investigated through several properties, the mass per unit area and thickness properties were also considered. Design/methodology/approach The research was divided into two phases. The first phase included three samples with the same double cloth structure and different weft materials to detect the most preferable performance. The second phase included three samples with the same materials and different double cloth structures. Several mechanical properties were tested in accordance with standard test methods, and the results were collected, tabulated and statistically analyzed using a chart line, an ANOVA test with a p-value = 0.05, a calculated least significant difference (value) and a radar chart area. Findings The results assigned that blending Renova®/polyester microfiber develops mechanical properties than using them individually, considering the increase in polyester microfiber ratio. The double cloth with different plain structures has a significantly different effect on the examined properties, except for elongation and thickness. Originality/value According to the radar chart area, the double cloth with a plain rib structure achieved better performance, and in the same vein, the results showed that the plain with a warp rib structure enhanced fabric behavior more than the weft rib.

Photocatalytic Upcycling of Different Types of Plastic Wastes: A Mini Review.

With the escalating demand and utilization of plastics, considerable attention has been given to controlling plastic pollution. Among these methodologies, photocatalytic upcycling of plastic has emerged as a promising method for plastic management due to its energy-saving and eco-friendly properties. In the past several years, great efforts have been devoted to the photocatalytic conversion of a variety of commercial plastic types. These encouraging endeavors foreshadow the continued progression and application in this field. In this review, recent advancements in the photocatalytic upcycling of plastics are reviewed. The fundamentals and principles of photocatalytic deconstruction of plastics are first introduced. Then, we summarize the works on the reforming of different types of plastic, including polyolefins, polyesters, and other types. Finally, some challenges and possible solutions are provided for the development of photocatalytic upcycling of plastics.

Self‐emulsifying anionic polyester sizing agents for enhancing the interfacial and mechanical properties of carbon fiber/vinyl ester resin composites

AbstractWith the increasing emphasis on environmental protection, there is a growing focus on the synthesis of water‐solvent self‐emulsifying sizing agents. In this study, five types of anionic polyester sizing agents with varying molecular weights were synthesized to explore the effect of molecular weight on the interfacial bonding strength of carbon fiber (CF) reinforced vinyl resin composites. The results demonstrated that the molecular weights of the synthesized sizing agents were precise; the particles in the sizing agents were nanometer‐sized, monodisperse, and exhibited high thermal stability. When the molecular weight was 8000, it exhibited optimal wettability for CF, leading to a substantial improvement in the interlaminar shear strength, reaching 71.8 MPa, which represents a significant increase of 22.7% compared with commercial CFs (CFF). Additionally, the interfacial shear strength was maximized at 13.23 MPa, which was significantly increased by 14.2% compared with CCF. These significant improvements in surface properties and mechanical performance were attributed to the excellent wettability of the CF surface, effective spreading performance of the sizing agent, the presence of double bonds in the sizing agent facilitating reactions with free radicals on the CF surface, and the residual double bonds further undergoing curing with the vinyl resin, promoting the reinforcement of interface bonding.

Investigation of the Effects of Environmental Conditions on Wear Behaviors in Glass Fiber Reinforced Polyester Composite Materials Containing Different Types of Polyester and Low Profile Additive

Kompozit malzemeler, gelişen teknoloji ile birlikte günümüzde birçok alanda başarıyla kullanılmaktadırlar. Elyaf takviyeli polimer kompozitler, yüksek dayanım ve düşük maliyet özelliklerinden dolayı en sık tercih edilen kompozit malzemelerdir. Cam elyaf takviyeli polyester (CTP) kompozitler kullanım alanlarına göre istenilen mekanik ve tribolojik özellikleri karşılayan polimer matrisli ve cam elyaf takviye malzemeli bir kompozit türüdür. Cam elyaf takviyeli polyester kompozit malzemeler farklı türlerde polyester ve çekme katkıları içerebilmektedir. Çevresel koşullar cam elyaf takviyeli polyester kompozitlerin aşınma dayanımı üzerinde etkili olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, iki farklı türde polyester (ortoftalik ve izoftalik) ve çekme katkısı (polistiren ve plastifiyen) içeren cam elyaf takviyeli polyester kompozit malzemelerin farklı çevresel koşullar (UV ışıma, asit ortamı, tuzlu su ortamı, hızlandırılmış yaşlandırma, hidrotermal yaşlandırma ve termal çevrim) altındaki aşınma davranışları incelenmiş ve farklı türlerde polyester ve çekme katkısı içeren numunelerde çevresel koşulların malzemelerin aşınma davranışları üzerine olan etkileri araştırılmıştır. CTP kompozit numunelerin aşınma dayanımına çevresel koşulların etkileri dikkate alındığında her iki numunede de UV ışıma ortamına ve hidrotermal yaşlandırmaya maruz kalan numunelerin aşınma dayanımının arttığı gözlemlenmiştir. CTP kompozit malzemelerin içerisinde polistiren çekme katkısının kullanılması malzemenin aşınma dayanımını iyileştirmektedir. Ortoftalik polyester reçine içeren CTP kompozit numunelerin, izoftalik reçine içeren numunelere kıyasla aşınma dayanımları daha iyidir.

Effect of Reprocessing on the Crystallization of Different Polyesters

The changes in crystallization characteristics of four polyesters were investigated during multiple processing. Two of these were petroleum-based materials: poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and poly (butylene terephthalate) (PBT), and two were bio-based materials: poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and poly (butylene succinate) (PBS). We found that during non-isothermal crystallization the different type of polyesters shown different behaviour: the PET and PLA materials were more sensitive to the cooling rate than the PBT and PBS. Interestingly, at low cooling rates, the number of reprocessing steps had no significant effect on the crystallinity of PBT and PBS, but reduced it for PET, but increased it for PBT.

The Influence of Lifestyle and Brand Image on Purchasing Decisions for Mundo Products with Purchase Intention as an Intervening Variable

The textile industry in Indonesia has great potential with various types of raw materials, including cotton, silk, rattan, and polyester. An integrated supply chain is the key to success in this industry, which is currently experiencing positive growth. Socks are an important textile product and have become part of the lifestyle, especially in the digital era. This study aims to understand the effect of lifestyle and brand image in the digitalization era on purchasing decisions for Mundo socks products through purchase intention as an intervening variable. This research uses descriptive quantitative methods and involves 250 retail stores spread across the city of Medan. The research sample size was determined by the Slovin method with an error rate of 5% resulting in 154 respondents. data was collected with various research instruments, literature studies and research questionnaires. The results showed that Lifestyle and Brand Image and Purchase Intention as intervening variables had a partial and simultaneous effect on Purchasing Decisions at PT. Jumbo Niaga Lestari. And Lifestyle is the most dominant variable influencing Purchasing Decisions at PT. Jumbo Niaga Lestari.

Experimental study on interfacial shear strength between date palm fibers and thermoset resins

Date palm fibers (DPFs) can be potentially used in novel applications including composites. In this study, the Microbond technique was used to measure the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) between DPFs extracted from the mesh (ME), the midrib (MI), and the Spadix stem (SS) and three types of thermoset resins, i.e., unsaturated polyester (P), epoxy (E), and phenolic Resol (R). The fibers’ tensile strength was measured and the aspect ratio of the fibers (critical length/diameter) for different fiber-resin systems was determined. It was shown that there is a clear relationship between resin droplet contact angle and IFSS. SS fibers provided the highest and ME fibers the lowest IFSS values among the fibers. Among the resins, E provided the highest and R the lowest adhesion to all fibers. The IFSS values of the E with MI, SS, and ME fibers were 7.62, 8.89, and 5.88 MPa, for the R matrix were 2.94, 3.02, and 2.33 MPa, and for the P matrix were 5.59, 5.97 and 5.17 MPa, respectively. It was shown that there is a clear relationship between IFSS values and contact angles of different fiber/matrix systems.

The Influence of Soft Segment Structure on the Properties of Polyurethanes.

A series of polyurethanes (PU) were synthesised via one-step polymerisation without a chain extender, using toluene diisocyanate as well as a variety of soft segments composed of different macrodiols. Poly(D,L-lactide) (PDLLA) and polycaprolactone diol (PCL) were synthesised as a polyester type polyols to obtain soft segments. The process of varying the molar ratio of newly synthesised PDLLA in soft segments has been confirmed as a powerful tool for fine-tuning the final properties of PU. Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy was used for evaluation of molecular structures of synthesised PDLLA polyol and final PU. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry was used to confirm the presumed structure of PU. The influence of soft segment composition on polyurethane thermal characteristics was examined using thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The composition of soft segments had little impact on the thermal stability of PU materials, which is explained by the comparable structures of both polyester polyols. Wide-angle X-ray scattering was utilised to evaluate the effect of amorphous PDLLA on the degree of crystallinity of PCL in soft PU segments. It was discovered that not only did the PDLLA ratio in the soft segment have a substantial influence on the degree of microphase separation in the soft and hard segments, but it also influenced the crystallisation behaviour of the materials. Furthermore, the restriction of crystallisation of the PCL soft segment has been verified to be dependent on the hard segment concentration and the ratio of PDLLA/PCL polyols. The sample with pure PCL as the polyol component achieved the highest degree of crystallinity (34.8%). The results demonstrated that the composition of soft segments directly affected the properties of obtained polyurethane films. These results can be utilised to easily achieve a desirable set of properties required for application in biomaterials.

Solar-driven reforming of waste polyester plastics into hydrogen over CdS/NiS catalyst

Huge amounts of plastic products are produced, utilized, and discarded each year, contributing to the increasingly serious ecological problem. Photoreforming, a solar-driven technology, provides an uncomplicated route to simultaneously recycle plastics and facilitate hydrogen (H2) production. Herein, we proposed innovative CdS/NiS composites which used visible light to drive H2 evolution from plastic wastes. Results confirmed that the loading of NiS on CdS could facilitate the transmission of photoexcited electrons, which greatly improved the photocatalytic performance. The H2 production capability of CdS/NiS was more than 6 times higher than that of pure CdS, and the highest H2 yield reached 62.9 mmol g−1 h−1 under optimized conditions when polylactic acid (PLA) was treated. Typical polyester plastics, including polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene adipate (PBA), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), and poly (butyleneadipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), as well as raw PLA drink straws, were also successfully employed as the hole scavenger to enhance H2 generation. This system utilized abundant resources (solar energy and waste plastics) and worked under mild conditions, proffering a sustainable approach for H2 synthesis together with waste plastic pollutant reduction for a carbon-neutral future.

Marine PET Hydrolase (PET2): Assessment of Terephthalate- and Indole-Based Polyester Depolymerization

Enzymatic polyethylene terephthalate (PET) recycling processes are gaining interest for their low environmental impact, use of mild conditions, and specificity. Furthermore, PET hydrolase enzymes are continuously being discovered and engineered. In this work, we studied a PET hydrolase (PET2), initially characterized as an alkaline thermostable lipase. PET2 was produced in a fusion form with a 6-histidine tag in the N-terminal. The PET2 activity on aromatic terephthalate and new indole-based polyesters was evaluated using polymers in powder form. Compared with IsPETase, an enzyme derived from Ideonella sakaiensis, PET2 showed a lower PET depolymerization yield. However, interestingly, PET2 produced significantly higher polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) and polyhexylene terephthalate (PHT) depolymerization yields. A clear preference was found for aromatic indole-derived polyesters over non-aromatic ones. No activity was detected on Akestra™, an amorphous copolyester with spiroacetal structures. Docking studies suggest that a narrower and more hydrophobic active site reduces its activity on PET but favors its interaction with PBT and PHT. Understanding the enzyme preferences of polymers will contribute to their effective use to depolymerize different types of polyesters.

Evaluation of air permeability and moisture management properties of jacquards and basic knitted fabrics

The flow of moisture through textile surfaces is a complex phenomenon as many factors influenceits transmission. The objective of this research work is to determine the effect of yarn and binding on their ability to prevent or promote moisture transmission within knitted structures. For this, we have developed a series of structures from cotton yarn and five types of polyester with different counts. The study of moisture transmission for the samples we have developed requires various tests to make a comprehensive study including air permeability, porosity, absorption rate, drying time, Fabric-vertical wicking, and moisture absorption. The results found by the absorption rate test showed that the pique jacquard absorbs better than the double face-one facejacquard. Based on the results of moisture management, air permeability and porosity, an optimum knitted structure is developed that corresponds to the good moisture transmission and the air permeability.

The Study of Some Mechanical Properties of Some Composite Materials with Different Types of Matrices and Reinforcement from Chromat-type Isophthalic Resin Granules NPG

Using the experimental determinations obtained on the basis of compressive stress, some mechanical properties were studied for composite materials with the matrix of three types of resin, epoxy, unsaturated polyester and hybrid based on Dammar natural resin, which was reinforced with isophthalic resin granules NPG (Neopentyl Glycol) Chromat Kayan / Javari / Payette type. The stress-strain diagrams, compressive yield strength, compressive strength and modulus of elasticity in uniaxial compression were obtained. With the EDS analysis, the graphical distribution of the atomic spectra of the elements identified in the hybrid resin was determined and the image of the fracture surface of a hybrid resin specimen was presented based on the stereomicroscopic analysis (SEM).

Assessment of Microplastics Contamination in River Water, Bottled Water, Sachet Water and Branded Table Salt Samples in Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria

Microplastics (MPs) &lt; 5 mm-sized are regarded as global environmental contaminants. This study analyzes MP concentrations in the Kaduna River (raw water), treated water from two conventional water treatment plants, brands of bottled water, and food-grade salts available in Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria using standard methods. Data obtained show that levels of MPs ranged from 25 to 36 particles L-1 in treated water, and to 153 particles L-1 in raw water. While samples of bottled water contained 1.4 to 3.7 particles L-1 and samples of table salt contained 0.13 to 0.27 particles g-1. Water and salt samples contained five different types of polymers, including polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, polyvinyl chloride and polyethylene terephthalate. Additionally, MPs were divided into three groups based on their physical characteristics. In both raw and treated water, fragments were clearly more prevalent; in samples of bottled water and table salt, fragments and fibers predominated. Microplastics in bottled water pose a medium pollution risk, according to pollution risk indices. The estimated daily intake was generally minimal, indicating little harm from daily consumption, but it also demonstrates that children have a larger intake of microplastics than adults. Leaching from the packing material was identified as the MPs' primary source. This study fills the knowledge gap in the area of emerging microplastic pollution of water sources, drinking water, and food-grade salt.

Optimization of Polyolefin-Bonded Hydroxyapatite Graphite for Sustainable Industrial Applications

As a means of introducing environmental responsibility to industrial applications, the usage of biobased composite materials has been encouraged in recent years. Polymer nanocomposites utilize polyolefins increasingly as a matrix, owing to the diversity in their features and prospective applications, even though typical polyester blend materials, such as glass and composite materials, have garnered greater attention from researchers. The mineral hydroxy-apatite, or Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, is the primary structural component of bone and tooth enamel. Increased bone density and strength result from this procedure. As a result, nanohms are fabricated from eggshells into rods with very tiny particle sizes. Although there have been many papers written on the benefits of HA-loaded polyolefins, the reinforcing effect of HA at low loadings has not yet been taken into account. The purpose of this work was to examine the mechanical and thermal characteristics of polyolefin-HA nanocomposites. These nanocomposites were built out of HDPE and LDPE (LDPE). As an extension of this work, we investigated what would happen when HA is added to LDPE composites at concentrations as high as 40% by weight. Carbonaceous fillers, including graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers, and exfoliated graphite, all play significant roles in nanotechnology owing to the extraordinary enhancements in their thermal, electrical, mechanical, and chemical properties. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of adding a layered filler, such as exfoliated graphite (EG), to microwave zones that might have real-world applications for their mechanical, thermal, and electrical characteristics. Mechanical and thermal properties were significantly enhanced by the incorporation of HA, notwithstanding a minor decrease in these attributes at a loading of 40% HA by weight. A higher load-bearing capability of LLDPE matrices suggests their potential usage in biological contexts.

Nucleic Acid‐Backboned Chimeric Polymers with Designable Physics and Chemistry

Comprehensive SummaryThe chain effect of polymer is the kernel of the precise synthesis of complex polymer compounds and the development of polymer science. Nucleic acids, a special type of polyester, can form supramolecular polymers via hydrogen bonds among corresponding bases. We focused on the precise control of polymer chains and proposed the concept of “nucleic acid‐backboned chimeric polymers” (NCPs). There are three important elements of NCPs, namely nucleic acid backbone, side group and intra‐/inter‐chain weak interactions. In this review, we expound how to realize the construction of intelligent DNA structures through the regulation of these three elements and the applications of NCPs in various fields. What is the most favorite and original chemistry developed in your research group?Nucleic acid‐backboned chimeric polymers, frame guided assembly and kinetically interlocking multiple‐units (KIMU) strategy.How do you get into this specific field? Could you please share some experiences with our readers?I was always interested in how life is organized from molecules since my college time. During my PhD, I started to realize the important roles of the natural polymers and their essential feature in chain effect. When I set up my own research group in 2005, I focused on the investigation in nucleic acid‐backboned chimeric polymers, which provide an optimal model for the study of precise controllable polymer synthesis, assembly and functions, benefiting the understanding of the life science.What is the most important personality for scientific research?Thinking deeply and working hard.How do you keep balance between research and family?I am always working hard when I work, but I always remind myself to enjoy my family and spare time.What are your favorite journals?Nature, Science, Journal of the American Chemical Society, Angewandte Chemie International Edition, and Advanced Materials.What are your hobbies?Travel; cooking.

Sorption Properties of PET Copolyesters and New Approach for Foaming with Filament Extrusion Additive Manufacturing

The mass transfer process of binary esters of acetic acid in polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene terephthalate with a high degree of glycol modification (PETG), and glycol-modified polycyclohexanedimethylene terephthalate (PCTG) was studied. It was found that the desorption rate of the complex ether at the equilibrium point is significantly lower than the sorption rate. The difference between these rates depends on the type of polyester and temperature and allows the accumulation of ester in the volume of the polyester. For example, the stable content of acetic ester in PETG at 20 °C is 5 wt.%. The remaining ester, which has the properties of a physical blowing agent, was used in the filament extrusion additive manufacturing (AM) process. By varying the technological parameters of the AM process, foams of PETG with densities ranging from 150 to 1000 g/cm3 were produced. Unlike conventional polyester foams, the resulting foams are not brittle.

The effect of alkylation degree in hyperbranched polyester on modified heavy oil fluidity

As flow improvers (FIs) for Xinjiang heavy oil with a high content of resins, a series of hyperbranched polyesters with varying degrees of alkylation (FI-1 to FI-7) were synthesized from poly (propylene glycol) (PPG) with trimesic acid (TA) and different dosages of nonanoic acid (NA). Here, the effect of alkylation degree in the flow improver on modified heavy oil fluidity was investigated. Firstly, the evaluation test indicated that the performance of FI-3 was optimal with an appropriate dosage of alkylation modifier, and a rate of viscosity reduction of 56.16%. Supportingly, the chemical structures of three flow improvers with different alkylation degree were compared by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (1HMR). Importantly, the results of Ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer (UV–Vis) showed that FI-3 with an appropriate alkylation degree can better promote the solubility of resins in toluene. The results of simulating studies expounded that the interaction of FI-3 and resin clusters was more sufficient, which made the aggregation degree of resin clusters lower. The results of scanning electron microscope (SEM), white-light interferometer and X-ray diffraction spectra (XRD) revealed that flow improvers can significantly impact the structure of resins. Collectively, this study make known that this type of hyperbranched polyesters with alkylated branched chains can inhibit the aggregation of resins to modified heavy oil fluidity. An appropriate alkylation degree could improve the performance by strengthening the synergistic effect of polar groups and lipophilic alkyl chains. This work has important implications for comprehending the interaction between amphiphile and heavy oil, which could be exploitable for modified polymers used as flow improvers.