Type Of Physical Disability Research Articles

Association between standing height and physical disability among U.S. adults aged 60 years and older: findings from NHANES 2015–2018

BackgroundPhysical disability is an important cause of affecting the quality of life in the elderly. The association between standing height and physical disability is less studied.PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the possible link between standing height and physical disability among U.S. adults aged 60 years and older.MethodsThe cross-sectional data were obtained from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2015–2018. Physical disability was assessed by six questions: “Have serious difficulty hearing (SDH)?”, “Have serious difficulty seeing (SDS)?”, “Have serious difficulty concentrating (SDC)?”, “Have serious difficulty walking (SDW)?”, “Have difficulty dressing or bathing (DDB)?” and “Have difficulty doing errands alone (DDEA)?”. Responses to these questions were “yes” or “no”. Answer yes to one of the above six questions was identified as physical disability. Standing height (cm) was measured with an altimeter. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to examine the possible link between standing height and physical disability after adjustment for all covariates.ResultsA total of 2624 participants aged ≥ 60 years were included in our study, including 1279 (48.7%) females and 1345 (51.3%) males. The mean age of participants was 69.41 ± 6.82 years. After adjusting for all potential confounders, the inverse relationship between standing height and all physical disability (APD) was statistically significant (OR = 0.976, 95%CI:0.957–0.995). In addition, among six types of physical disability (SDH, SDS, SDC, SDW, DDB, DDEA), standing height was also a protective factor for SDW (OR = 0.961, 95%CI:0.939–0.983) and DDEA (OR = 0.944, 95%CI:0.915–0.975) in the full-adjusted model.ConclusionThe cross-sectional population based study demonstrates that standing height is a protective factor for physical disability among U.S. adults aged 60 years and older.

Quality of life and adherence to physical activity in leisure time of people with physical disability

Abstract Study aim: People with disability are characterized by mental disorders, lower physical function, and poor social functioning. Dramatically, they are at particular risk of loss of their psychosocial functions. Here, we tested the relationship between quality of life and adherence to physical activity in leisure time of people with physical disability. Material and methods: A cross-sectional design based on the descriptive correlational method was applied. The statistical population of the study included 555 people with different types of physical disability. A quality of life questionnaire (SF-36) was used to assess the quality of life, and adherence to physical activity was measured with the Adherence to Physical Activity Questionnaire. Preliminary calculations involved a series of Pearson correlations. Moreover, descriptive and inferential statistics were used. Finally, structural equation modeling was used to assess the research model. Results: The results showed that there was a positive and significant relationship (P < 0.05) of the quality of life and its components with adherence to physical activity. Based on statistical analysis, 73% of adherence to physical activity changes was related to the quality of life components. Conclusion: According to the results, special attention to the social functioning of physically disabled people and efforts and planning in order to improve it can help to improve the quality of life of these people. Also, by designing diverse sports programs for their leisure time we can help improve the adherence of physically disabled people to physical activity.

(DE)HUMANIZATION OF PHYSICALLY DISABLED BODIES IN BORDERLANDS 3

The video game industry has played a role in both affirming and erasing stereotypes surrounding minorities, especially those with disabilities. This study aims to analyse Borderlands 3’s in-game narrative that represents physically disabled characters through their characterization, visualization, and individual character development in the main plot campaign, illustrating how positive representation helps fight common stigmas and negative stereotypes. By using Shakespeare’s social model of disability as a theoretical framework, the analysis will view the game as text to identify physically disabled characters and determine if they face discrimination in the in-game universe. Results show that characters with prosthetics are considered ‘cool’ futuristic bodies symbolizing strength, while disfigured bodies still encounter discrimination with the enforcement of negative stereotypes and derogatory language. This unequal representation creates a social imbalance among physically disabled people, with the public assuming that different types of physical disabilities are superior to others.

DEAF STUDENTS’ ABILITIES IN ENGLISH VOCABULARY AT SPECIAL SCHOOL

Deaf students are included in students with special needs because it is a type of physical disability. In teaching, teachers are faced with various challenges. For this reason, special methods are needed in teaching so that learning becomes effective. The support and participation of the school are also needed. English lessons in public schools find many difficulties, especially in schools with special needs. This study aims to describe the teacher's strategy in teaching English to deaf students at SLB C Muzdalifah. This research used a qualitative method. Data collection techniques used are observation, interviews, and documentation (pictures). To analyze the data obtained, the authors use data collection techniques, data reduction, data display, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study indicate that the teacher applies a learning strategy that contains repeating material and periodically checking students' understanding. However, in practice, it is still less effective. The sitting position of students in the classroom is also arranged before the lesson begins. Total Physical Response and Grammar Translation Methods are used as a strategy for developing English vocabulary for deaf students combined with sign language. However, even though the teaching is still not effective, in general, it can be concluded that the objectives of teaching English using this strategy can be achieved. Teaching English to deaf students at SLB C Muzdalifah is focused on reading and speaking skills Keywords: deaf students, English vocabulary, special school

Increased physical activity, higher educational attainment, and the use of mobility aid are associated with self-esteem in people with physical disabilities.

High self-esteem can help people with disabilities overcome barriers and improve their mental health and well-being. This study sought to examine self-esteem levels among Saudis with physical disabilities based on socio-economic factors. It also aimed to determine the minimum weekly duration of physical activity performed by participants and examine its effects, along with those of other socio-economic factors, on participants' self-esteem. A participant sample (N = 582) consisting of Saudi individuals aged 33.78 ± 9.81 years with physical disabilities (males, n = 289; females, n = 293) was recruited to participate in this study. Levels of self-esteem were measured using the Arabic version of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Compared to women, men demonstrated significantly higher levels of overall self-esteem, positive feelings, and negative feelings (p < 0.01). The respondents' average levels of overall self-esteem (p < 0.001), positive feelings (p < 0.01), and negative feelings (p < 0.001) also varied by type of physical disability. Wheelchair-using participants had the highest values for self-esteem and positive feelings; cane-using participants or those who did not use mobility aids had the lowest values. Weighted least squares regression showed that weekly physical activity was the factor that most affected self-esteem (β = 0.002), followed by education level (β = 0.115), then type of mobility device used (β = -0.07). Increased weekly physical activity, higher education levels, and the use of mobility aids were the factors likely to improve the self-esteem of Saudis with physical disabilities.

Outcomes of acute myocardial infarction in patients with preexisting physical disability: a report in the United States

ABSTRACT Background A significant proportion of the world’s population lives with physical disability (PD) requiring healthcare services. Risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) such as hypertension and diabetes are more prevalent among patients with PD. Our study compares outcomes following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) between patients with preexisting PD and those without, using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS). Methods and Results We analyzed all adult inpatients having a diagnosis of AMI from 2015 to 2018. The main outcome measured was in-hospital all-cause mortality. Of 2,674,524 patients admitted with AMI, 5% had PD. Patients in the PD group were found to have higher mortality (aOR 1.13, CI 1.1–1.15 p < 0.001), with the musculoskeletal group showing the highest mortality. Patients with PD received lower rates of percutaneous coronary intervention (aOR 0.65, CI 0.64–0.66, <0.001), compared to the non-PD group, with the musculoskeletal group having the lowest rates of intervention. Conclusion A diagnosis of PD was independently associated with significantly increased mortality following AMI. The prognostic impact of disability correlates with the nature of the disability, with musculoskeletal disability being associated with the worst mortality outcomes. Finally, patients with any type of PD are less likely to be offered invasive cardiac management following their AMI.

Theory of planned behavior to promote physical activity of adults with physical disabilities: Meta-analytic structural equation modeling.

Adults with physical disabilities experience lower physical activity (PA) engagement. The theory of planned behavior (TPB) has been one of dominant theories in understanding and promoting PA. There is no previous meta-analysis examining the use of the TPB on PA of adults with physical disabilities. The purposes of this review were 1) to conduct meta-analysis to examine predictive effects of TPB on PA behavior of adults with physical disabilities and 2) to investigate a possible moderator among components of TPB. One-stage meta-analytic structural equation modeling was used to conduct meta-analysis. Type of physical disability was examined as a moderator. Intention had moderate effect on PA (β=0.37, p<.001), attitude had a moderate effect on intention (β=0.30, p<.001), SN had a non-significant effect on intention (β=0.03, p=.75), and PBC had a moderate effect on intention (β=0.43, p<.001) and a non-significant direct effect on PA (β=0.09, p=.18). The studies conducted with only participants with SCI lowered the predictive effect (β=-0.12, p=.02) of PBC on PA. Predictive effects of component of TPB were slightly different from those of individuals without disabilities. Type of physical disability can be a critical factor determining the impact of perceived control on PA behavior. Attitude and PBC can be targets for promoting PA of adults with physical disabilities.

Anxiety levels and health-related quality of life in parents of children with different types of physical disabilities

IntroductionDisability has negative effects on families’ psychological health and quality of life. This study aimed to investigate the anxiety level and quality of life of parents having children with different physical disabilities, such as spina bifida, muscular dystrophy, cerebral palsy, and Down syndrome, and compare them with those of healthy children’s parents.MethodsHealth status and anxiety level of the parents were assessed by the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-I and STAI-II). The impact on the parents and level of the children’s functional independence were evaluated by the Turkish version of the Impact on Family Scale (IPFAM) and Functional Independence Measure for Children. Functional activities of the children were assessed by the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI).ResultsA statistically significant difference was found between the control group and the parents having children with disabilities in terms of IPFAM and PEDI functional skills (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between the IPFAM total scores of the disabled children and their healthy peers (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001).ConclusionsThe impact on the families with physically disabled children did not change with the diagnosis type. A difference was observed between the parents of children with different physical disabilities and those of healthy children. Also, the functional skills of the children with disabilities were negatively affected compared with their healthy peers. Health-related quality of life of the families was influenced by the independence level of the children in daily living activities.

The relationship between types of physical disabilities and the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) in the elderly

ENWEndNote BIBJabRef, Mendeley RISPapers, Reference Manager, RefWorks, Zotero AMA Mercan Y, Selcuk KT, Sayılan AA. The relationship between types of physical disabilities and the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) in the elderly. Family Medicine & Primary Care Review. 2021;23(1):22-28. doi:10.5114/fmpcr.2021.103153. APA Mercan, Y., Selcuk, K., & Sayılan, A. (2021). The relationship between types of physical disabilities and the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) in the elderly. Family Medicine & Primary Care Review, 23(1), 22-28. https://doi.org/10.5114/fmpcr.2021.103153 Chicago Mercan, Yeliz, Kevser T Selcuk, and Aylin A Sayılan. 2021. "The relationship between types of physical disabilities and the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) in the elderly". Family Medicine & Primary Care Review 23 (1): 22-28. doi:10.5114/fmpcr.2021.103153. Harvard Mercan, Y., Selcuk, K., and Sayılan, A. (2021). The relationship between types of physical disabilities and the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) in the elderly. Family Medicine & Primary Care Review, 23(1), pp.22-28. https://doi.org/10.5114/fmpcr.2021.103153 MLA Mercan, Yeliz et al. "The relationship between types of physical disabilities and the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) in the elderly." Family Medicine & Primary Care Review, vol. 23, no. 1, 2021, pp. 22-28. doi:10.5114/fmpcr.2021.103153. Vancouver Mercan Y, Selcuk K, Sayılan A. The relationship between types of physical disabilities and the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) in the elderly. Family Medicine & Primary Care Review. 2021;23(1):22-28. doi:10.5114/fmpcr.2021.103153.

The experience of athletes with disabilities in mainstream sports: an interpretative phenomenological analysis

Abstract Aim: Through reports of the athletes with disabilities interviewed, this study aimed to understand how the experiences lived in mainstream sports occur among people without disabilities. Methods: Husserl's classic phenomenology was the methodological framework adopted. The phenomenological interview was carried out with an intentional sample that included six athletes with some type of physical disability and later its recording was transcribed for the procedures of phenomenological reduction and intentional crossing to explain the meaning of what is experienced by these athletes in mainstream sport. Results: Five categories essentially describe how these experiences occur: operational body barred in the world; shaping the movement; the invisibility of disability; determination stimulus; and normalization of social relations in mainstream sports. These experiences correspond to a dynamic process in which each part does not necessarily follow the other. Conclusion: The experience in mainstream sports allowed the interviewees to improve their experience of capacity, self-efficacy, and recognition through the mutuality between self-perception and the expectation of acceptance by society.

Motivação e índices de depressão em atletas de basquetebol em cadeira de rodas

Objetivo: Avaliar a motivação para a prática de esportes e níveis de depressão de atletas integrantes de uma equipe de basquetebol em cadeira rodas de uma cidade do interior do estado do Paraná. Metodologia: Para a avaliação da motivação utilizou-se do Inventário de Motivação à Prática Regular de Atividade Física – IMPRAF 54 e para os índices de depressão utilizou-se a escala de Depressão de Beck. Foram avaliados 11 indivíduos, atletas de basquetebol em cadeira de rodas com diferentes tipos de deficiência física e tempo de experiência na modalidade. Resultados: Como resultados observa-se que os índices de motivação se relacionam em maior escala apenas nos aspectos de saúde, prazer e para minimizar o estresse, os índices de depressão entre os atletas encontram-se baixos, fator que não é determinante para um preocupação generalizada sobre o time de basquetebol em cadeira de rodas. Considerações Finais: O índice de motivação mais relevantes para os atletas é o aspecto da saúde, já o menos motivacional dentro destes aspectos é o da competição. Já os índices de depressão demonstram que entre os atletas ocorre um nível baixo de depressão.

People with physical disability in Serbia: Relationship between internalized stigma, experienced and anticipated discrimination, and empowerment.

The aim of present study was to explore relationships between experienced and anticipated discrimination, internalized stigma, and empowerment among people with physical disabilities in Serbia. The convenience sample consisted of persons with different types of physical disabilities. The following scales were administrated: The Discrimination and Stigma Scale, the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale, and the Boston University Empowerment Scale. An analysis showed that internalized stigma was correlated with experienced and anticipated discrimination and empowerment, while no correlation was found between empowerment and discrimination. People with physical disabilities who experienced and anticipated discrimination are at higher risk of reporting internalized stigma.

Accessibility of Tourist Offer in Republic of Croatia to People with Disabilities

The aim of the research paper is to identify the need of adaptation of tourist facilities to people with disabilities in Republic of Croatia as a tourist destination. Tourists and travellers with disabilities want to be equal members of our community and enjoy all tourist facilities just like other healthy people, although they are often restricted due to the inadequacy of tourist facilities. The paper analyses different tourist offers, amenities and infrastructure in order to assess its level of adaptation to people with disabilities in the Republic of Croatia. Research methods carried in this paper are historical, analysis, synthesis and empirical research conducted as a quantitative data analysis of a questionnaire distributed to people with disabilities on the sample of 200 disabled people from Croatia. The results of the research indicate that significant improvement should be implemented regarding suitable tourist offer in order to satisfy needs of tourists with different types of physical disabilities in Republic of Croatia. Based on the research results authors provide numerous recommendations to be implemented in Croatian tourist sites.

Investigation of Parents' Anxiety Level and Health Related Quality of Life in Different Types of Physical Disabilities

Investigation of Parents' Anxiety Level and Health Related Quality of Life in Different Types of Physical Disabilities

A Study and Development of Workplace Facilities and Working Environment to Increase the Work Efficiency of Persons with Disabilities: A Case Study of Major Retail and Wholesale Companies in Bangkok.

This research aims to improve the work effectiveness of people with physical disabilities in department stores, retail and wholesale companies in Bangkok. It focuses on the environment and facilities needed by people with three types of disabilities, visual impairment, hearing impairment, and wheelchair users. A mixed research method was used (questionnaires, interviews, and observations). The results were applied to a design process based on the needs of people with physical disabilities and addressed solving their work problems, increasing their work effectiveness, and bringing the results of the design to a group discussion. The group was made up of 15 experts who were supervisors, representatives of the people with each type of physical disability, instructors, and personnel from the university knowledgeable about universal design for people with disabilities. Architects and designers helped to brainstorm ideas and develop designs that led to production and product testing. Testing was conducted to compare pretest and posttest results using designed products to evaluate the work effectiveness of the people with physical disabilities using statistical analysis (paired t-tests). The results using developed products showed a higher average posttest score than pretest. This indicated a statistically higher work effectiveness (α =0.05) and supports the research hypothesis.

Gender matters in the transition to employment for young adults with physical disabilities

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the role of gender in the transition to employment for young adults with physical disabilities.Methods: This study drew on in-depth interviews with a purposive sample of 33 participants (23 youth and 10 clinicians). The youth in our sample included 13 females (mean age 22.9) and 10 males (mean age 21.3) who had various types of physical disabilities. The person–environment–occupation (PEO) model informed our analysis.Results: Our research showed several similarities and some differences between young males and females with physical disabilities as they transition to employment and adulthood at the person, environment, and occupational level. At the person level, issues included managing their condition, self-advocacy, and willingness to ask for help. At the environment level, themes focused on parental and social support, accommodations, stigma and discrimination, and transportation challenges. Finally, in the occupation component of the PEO model, we found that males and females with disabilities had different levels of engagement in employment. Although most clinicians commented on gender differences, many reported that they did not tailor their clinical practice accordingly.Conclusions: Gender sensitive vocational approaches are needed for youth with disabilities as they transition to employment.Implications for rehabilitationClinicians, educators, and parents should encourage independence and self-advocacy skills among youth so that they are prepared to ask for accommodations that they need to succeed in a work environment.Clinicians and educators should present a variety of career and job options to youth, including science, technology, engineering, and math disciplines, an area where youth with disabilities, particularly females, are under-represented.Males may feel less able to self-advocate and seek support and may need additional assistance from clinicians, educators, and parents.Clinicians should tailor their vocational rehabilitation practices to the gender-specific needs of youth with disabilities.Clinicians and parents should ensure that both males and females have the resources and supports they need to be successful in their transition to employment.

Persian version of the Moorong Self-Efficacy Scale: psychometric study among subjects with physical disability

Purpose: Self-efficacy plays a key role in varying areas of human conditions which can be measured by different scales. The present study was aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of Moorong Self-Efficacy Scale (MSES) in Iranian Subjects with Physical Disability (SWPD).Method: Data were collected by face-to-face interviews and self-report surveys from 214 subjects. The face and content validity, and reliability were evaluated. Discriminates were evaluated between the sub-groups of disability levels, physical activity, and health condition levels. The concurrent, convergent, divergent, and construct validity were assessed by short form health survey scale (SF-36), general self-efficacy scale (GSES), hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS), respectively. Replaceable exploratory factor analysis was evaluated. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis.Results: There were acceptable face and content validity, and reliability. Furthermore, significant correlation was found between PSES and SF-36 (p < 0.001). Self-efficacy was statistically different among the disability levels (p = 0.02), physical activity levels (p < 0.001), and health status (p = 0.001). The correlation of Persian Self-Efficacy Scale (PSES) scores with GSES (r = 0.61, p < 0.001), and HADS (R = −0.53, p < 0.001) was significant. This scale yielded a two-dimensional structure, with a good internal replicability. The external replicability was satisfactory when we compared factor loadings with the original study.Conclusions: The PSES is a valid, reliable and sensitive tool to measure the self-efficacy among SWPD for planning and managing of disability problems.Implications for rehabilitationPsychometric properties of the Persian version of self-Efficacy scale (PSES) appear to be similar to original, English version.The PSES has been shown to have validity and reliability in Persian physical disables and can be used for patients with more different types of physical disability than individuals suffering from only Spinal Cord Injury (SCI).The PSES can be used in clinical practice and research work to evaluate the patients’ confidence in performing daily activities.

Restrictions of physical activity participation in older adults with disability: employing keyword network analysis

Older adults with disability might have been increasing due to the rapid aging of society. Many studies showed that physical activity is an essential part for improving quality of life in later lives. Regular physical activity is an efficient means that has roles of primary prevention and secondary prevention. However, there were few studies regarding older adults with disability and physical activity participation. The purpose of this current study was to investigate restriction factors to regularly participate older adults with disability in physical activity by employing keyword network analysis. Two hundred twenty-nine older adults with disability who were over 65 including aging with disability and disability with aging in type of physical disability and brain lesions defined by disabled person welfare law partook in the open questionnaire assessing barriers to participate in physical activity. The results showed that the keyword the most often used was ‘Traffic’ which was total of 21 times (3.47%) and the same proportion as in the ‘personal’ and ‘economical’. Exercise was considered the most central keyword for participating in physical activity and keywords such as facility, physical activity, disabled, program, transportation, gym, discomfort, opportunity, and leisure activity were associated with exercise. In conclusion, it is necessary to educate older persons with disability about a true meaning of physical activity and providing more physical activity opportunities and decreasing inconvenience should be systematically structured in Korea.

Regional inequalities in self-rated health and disability in younger and older generations in Turkey: the contribution of wealth and education

BackgroundIn Turkey, large regional inequalities were found in maternal and child health. Yet, evidence on regional inequalities in adult health in Turkey remains fragmentary. This study aims to assess regional and rural/urban inequalities in the prevalence of poor self-rated health and in disability among adult populations in Turkey, and to measure the contribution of education and wealth of individual residents. The central hypothesis was that geographical inequalities in adult health exist even when the effect of education and wealth were taken into account.MethodsWe analyzed data of the 2002 World Health Survey for Turkey on 10791 adults aged 20 years and over. We measured respondents’ rating of their own general health and the prevalence of five types of physical disability. Logistic regression was used to estimate how much these two health outcomes varied according to urban/rural place of residence, region, education level and household wealth. We stratified the analyses by gender and age (‹50 and ≥50 years).ResultsBoth health outcomes were strongly associated with educational level (especially for older age group) and with household wealth (especially for younger age group). Both health outcomes also varied according to region and rural/urban place of residence. Higher prevalence rates were observed in the East region (compared to West) with odd ratios varying between 1.40–2.76. After controlling for education and wealth, urban/rural differences in health disappeared, while regional differences were observed only among older women. The prevalence of poor self-rated health was higher for older women in the Middle (OR = 1.69), Black Sea (OR = 1.53) and East (OR = 2.06) regions.ConclusionIn Turkey, substantial geographical inequalities in self-reported adult health do exist, but can mostly be explained by differences in socioeconomic characteristics of residents. The regional disadvantage of older women in the East, Middle and Black Sea may have resulted from life-long exposure to gender discrimination under a patriarchal ideology. Yet, not geographic inequalities, but the more fundamental socioeconomic inequalities, are of key public health concern, also in Turkey.

How Polish Women With Disabilities Challenge the Meaning of Motherhood

In this qualitative study, I offer a feminist reflection on motherhood from the perspectives of 25 women with various types of physical and sensory disabilities. Disability was treated not only as an individual experience but also as a social construct. I conducted 25 non-standardised narrative interviews with women with various types of physical disabilities. Using grounded theory method, with a particular emphasis on symbolic interactionism, I identified three important themes from the non-standardised narrative interviews: the effects of insufficient health care on pregnant women, the lack of acceptance and support for mothers, and a welfare system inadequate to the needs of mothers. These themes affect the way Polish women with disabilities experience motherhood. Findings highlight the different ways that mothers with disabilities challenge the prevailing normative categories of gender and disability and, in so doing, demythologise and delegitimise the traditional Polish model of motherhood. While this study points to needed reforms in Poland to support women with disabilities, it also reveals a model of motherhood based on interdependence and mutual care. The women with disabilities in this study identify new possibilities for all families.