Types Of Natural Resources Research Articles

Do natural resources influence E-government in developing countries? Effects and transmission channels

E-government has taken a prominent place in the political and economical debate. Despite the vast non-consensual literature, on the effects of natural resources, very little is known about the effects of these resources on the development of e-government. This study aims to fill this gap by analyzing the effect of natural resources on the development of e-government in a panel of 121 developing countries over the period 2003–2021. Through several empirical approaches, our results show that, on average, natural resource rents negatively affect the development of e-government. Distinguishing between different types of natural resources, we note that the negative effect of natural resources on the development of e-government remains, and the magnitude is more persistent for forestry, gas and oil rents. Furthermore, the mediation analysis suggests that the negative effect of natural resources on the development of e-government is influenced by trust in institutions, the size of the informal sector, corruption, and the quality of telecommunications infrastructures.

Spillover effects of natural resources on the attractiveness of foreign direct investment in ECOWAS countries

The economies of Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) countries are linked by geography and by a policy of capital mobility. Consequently, the attractiveness of foreign direct investments (FDI) in one country is likely to be influenced by factors that explain FDI in neighboring countries, such as the endowment of natural resources. However, previous empirical studies have overlooked the spatial interaction effects of natural resources on the attractiveness of FDI in ECOWAS countries. In addition, natural resources are factors of production that can justify the location of a Multinational Enterprise in one country at the detriment of another, due to differences in the availability of natural resources. Thus, the main objective of this research is to fill this research gap by analyzing the spatial interaction effects of natural resource exploitation on the attractiveness of FDI in ECOWAS countries. Therefore, the dynamic Durbin Spatial Model (SDM) estimation method with a distance matrix was used for the analysis, covering 12 ECOWAS countries over the period 2007–2020. In addition, the use of the distance-inverse matrix with the dynamic SDM was used to analyze the spatial effects of different types of natural resources in order to test the robustness of the results. In terms of the results obtained, the findings show that the further ahead a country is in exploiting its natural resources, the more it negatively influences the attractiveness of new FDI in its bosom to the benefit of its neighboring countries, which are relatively behind in exploiting their natural resources. Specifically, the mining and forestry exploitation generates positive spillover effects, while oil and natural gas exploitation has negative spillover effects on the attractiveness of FDI from neighboring countries. A synchronization policy and a policy of compensating for the negative externalities linked to the exploitation of natural resources between ECOWAS countries would therefore make it easier to attract FDI and stimulate economic and social development.

Enhancing natural resource efficiency through digital government: Evidence from the utilization of energy, water, and land resources

With the support of digital technology, the digitization of government governance has become a key strategy worldwide. One of the aims of digital transformation of government governance is to fully utilize data resources to enhance the utilization and management efficiency of natural resources. Utilizing panel data from 262 China's cities spanning from 2009 to 2019, this paper employs a Difference-in-differences (DID) model to investigate the impact of digital government on natural resource efficiency. The empirical results reveal that the establishment of digital government improves natural resource efficiency. This beneficial impact is transmitted through three channels: government efficiency, regional digital infrastructure, and regional innovation and green innovation levels. Additionally, the facilitation of the digital government on natural resource efficiency exhibits significant regional heterogeneity, with a more pronounced positive effect in the eastern region and regenerative resource-based cities. Finally, the study investigates the effectiveness of digital government on the efficiency of different types of natural resources and the spatial spillover effect of its implementation. Our results provide empirical evidence for the relationship between the digital government and natural resource efficiency, offering a practical reference for the digital transformation of government governance in developing countries.

НОВАЦІЇ У ВІТЧИЗНЯНІЦЙ НОРМАТИВНІЙ БАЗІ З ПИТАНЬ БУДУВАННЯ АВТОМОБІЛЬНИХ ДОРІГ ІЗ ЦЕМЕНТОБЕТОННИМ ДОРОЖНІМ ПОКРИВОМ

Introduction. The article deals with the issues of expanding the regulatory and technical base of the road sector for the construction of roads with cement concrete pavement. The article covers the issues of improving the existing and developing new requirements for the construction of cement concrete pavements with pin-connected slabs, reinforced slabs with pin connection, with continuous reinforcement and using rolled cement concrete mixtures using modern technologies. Improvement of the national regulatory framework is carried out on the basis of the analysis of existing legal acts, regulatory documents, technical literature related to the objects of standardization and, of course, taking into account the requirements of safety and environmental protection and the factors and features established by the current martial law in Ukraine. The work concerns the developed national standards for the installation of cement concrete pavements, namely those innovations that have already been agreed upon and are planned to be submitted to the National Standardization Body for adoption in the near future. Problem statement. Implementation of a unified technical policy to ensure the reliability and durability of roads, increase the efficiency of capital investments, implementation of scientific and technical achievements of science and best domestic and international practices in the practice of construction of roads with cement concrete pavement, issues of saving material, labor, financial and energy resources, improving the quality of construction work, labor safety and health conditions, rational use of land and other types of natural resources. The fact of constant growth in the intensity of heavy vehicles traffic, which is associated with the transportation of heavy machinery, agricultural products, metallurgical products, etc., significantly affects the reduction of the service life of roads with non-rigid pavement. This necessitates the search for alternative solutions for the construction of more durable pavement structures, one of which is the improvement of existing and introduction of new technologies for the construction of cement concrete pavements.

Perancangan Ulang Tata Letak Fasilitas Menggunakan Metode Systematic Layout Planning (SLP) Dengan Alogaritma Blocplan Di UD Wijaya Samawa

Fish is the product of various types of natural resources and is widely consumed by most people. Based on data obtained from the Office of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries of West Nusa Tenggara, Sumbawa is ranked second in West Nusa Tenggara as an area with high potential in the world of fisheries and it is very likely that many people will be involved in the world of fisheries. One of the fish supply companies located in the city of Sumbawa is UD Wijaya Samawa. This company is engaged in catching, processing and selling fish. However, in the fish packaging production process, there are problems with inefficient placement of facilities and layout resulting in waste of both time and place, thus disrupting the ongoing production process. One method that can be used to streamline production process facilities is the Systematic Layout Planning (SLP) method. As for determining alternative layout proposals, namely by using the BLOCPLAN Algorithm based on the ARC that has been made. The results of this study are alternative layout proposals that can minimize the distance from the previous 54 meters to 35.53 meters so that the distance can be reduced by 18.47 meters. Keywords: Activity Relationship Chart, BLOCPLAN, Layout, Systematic Layout Planning

The Current State and Dynamics of Environmental Financing in the CIS Countries

The actual aspects of environmental financing are considered. A comprehensive assessment of the state of environmental protection activities in the CIS countries based on the results of recent years is presented and an analysis of its financing for various types of natural resources is carried out, as well as changes in relevant environmental indicators are studied. It has been revealed that despite the growing volumes of investments aimed at environmental protection, the environmental indicators of the Commonwealth countries do not always show corresponding positive trends.

CNN Based Forest Fire Monitoring System

Abstract: As a type of natural resource, forests are vital for our existence. Wildfires are a significant threat to humans and other living beings, with the development of satellite technology it can be continuously monitored and controlled. Accurate real-time monitoring of wildfires is not only an important part of forest fire prevention, but also an important means of effectively controlling the spread of wildfires and reducing economic losses. Therefore, we need a highly mobile early forest fire warning system to ensure the safety of forest resources. In view of this, we propose a forest fire monitoring method that uses convolutional neural network to detect fire from images which can monitor the presence of fire in the forest arena.

Analyzing the symmetric and asymmetric effects of disaggregate natural resources on the ecological footprint in Saudi Arabia: insights from the dynamic ARDL approach.

The present study examines the symmetric and asymmetric effects of natural resource exploitation on the ecological footprint in Saudi Arabia during the period 1981-2018. The analysis is performed for total natural resources and different types of natural resources, including oil, natural gas, and minerals. This research employs the dynamic Autoregressive Distributed Lag (DYNARDL) simulation approach. In addition to its statistical and computational superiority, the DYNARDL allows assessing the environmental repercussions of shocks that occurred on natural resources in both the short- and long-run. The findings suggest that total, oil, and natural gas rents have a positive symmetric association with the ecological footprint in the long run, while no significant impact is identified for mineral resources. When conducting the asymmetric analysis, the findings reveal that only increases in total, oil, and natural gas rents deteriorate the ecological footprint in the long run, while no effects are confirmed for decreases in natural resource rents. The shock analysis reveals that a 10% increase in total and oil rents leads to environmental degradation by 3% in the long run, while a similar upsurge in natural gas rents induces a 4% deterioration in environmental quality. These findings may help design effective resource-use policies to achieve environmental sustainability in Saudi Arabia.

PKM KELOMPOK PENGELOLA WISATA PEMANCINGAN PADA TAMBAK IKAN NILA DI DESA TAMANGAPA KECAMATAN MA’RANG KABUPATEN PANGKEP

One type of natural resource that is very high in value in Ma'rang District and Tamangapa Village in particular is a large pond land and has a very large economic value, especially shrimp and fish farming. The purpose of this activity is 1) Providing counseling on community empowerment efforts through fishing tourism efforts to improve the living standards of partners. 2) Conduct training on tilapia farming techniques on ponds. This service activity is carried out from October to December 2022 in Tamangapa Village, Ma'rang District, Pangkep Regency. The method used in service is the participatory counseling and training method, which involves as much as possible the participation of the partner community in lectures, discussions, and practices of product design and creation of works. The result that has been achieved from community service activities is that they can know and understand how to manage a fish fishing business in a pond. The pond that is used as a fishing tourist spot is a pond that has been stocked with tilapia seeds and is equipped with fishing facilities such as seating or gazebos so that tourists feel comfortable fishing. The results of the service that has been carried out show that income through fishing tourism can reduce the failure of tilapia farmers in the Tamangapa Village area, so this fishing business needs to continue to be developed and managed properly.

What Turns a Blessing into a Curse? The Political Economy of Natural Resource Wealth (Invited Lecture)

I review the relationship between natural resource endowment type and economic growth in developing countries. Certain types of natural resources, such as oil and minerals, tend to exhibit concentrated production and revenue patterns, while revenue flows from other resources such as agriculture are more diffuse. Most developing countries that export products from the first group have been prone to growth failure in recent times. The most important channels are political economy mechanisms, where there are negative relationships between natural resource rents and institutional development. An explicit model of growth collapse with micro-foundations in rent-seeking contests that have increasing returns in rent-seeking outlays is presented.

THE LEGAL MECHANISM OF INTERACTION OF THE LAND CADASTRE WITH OTHER REGISTERS UNDER THE LEGISLATION OF UKRAINE AND POLAND

The article carries out a professional comparative legal analysis of the legislation of Ukraine and Poland in the sphere of regulation of mechanisms of interaction of the land cadastre with other registers. For the completeness and comprehensive presentation of the study, attention was primarily focused on the directions of development of the land cadastre, the legislation regulating the functioning of the land cadastre and other registers was analyzed. The article reveals the peculiarities of cadastre management in the system of land legal relations of both states, highlights the differences in the basic approaches of modern cadastre in Ukraine and Poland, and emphasizes the trends in the convergence of cadastre systems – by introducing the concepts of spatial object and geospatial data, respectively. It has been studied that the cadastre system of Poland, unlike the cadastre system of Ukraine, is multifunctional and contains information about land plots and other real estate objects. At the same time, the land cadastre system in Ukraine is currently a full system of information on various types of natural resources (land, forest, water) and contains information on various restrictions (environmental protection, cultural, etc.). At the same time, the functioning of the state land cadastre and other registers in Ukraine is carried out through the mutual exchange of information between the registers. It has been found that legal disputes in Ukraine related to the cancellation of objects in the relevant registers have their own peculiarities, which consist in the impossibility of applying the norms of procedural legislation regarding the reversal of the execution of a court decision. Practical problems have been noted at the stage of execution of decisions, for example, in the case of approval of a court decision in absentia, the status of which is special because it is adopted without the participation of one of the parties to the dispute, given the lack of relevant changes in the procedural legislation regarding the category of cases. It has been established that the complexity of the land cadastre in Ukraine and the real estate cadastre in Poland is due to the need for the formation of appropriate measurement standards while preserving the legal and geometric relations between the subject and the object of law. Summing up, the main trends in the development of cadastres of Ukraine and Poland are outlined, it is proved that the land cadastre as an information accounting system at the current stage is moving to a different stage of functioning, which is closely related to the development of digital technologies, and determines the perspective and relevance of the researched topic.

Natural resources, renewable energy, and governance: A path towards sustainable development

AbstractBased on data for 48 African countries for the period 2000–2020, we analyse the effects of natural resources on renewable energy development and the mediating effects of governance on that relationship. For this purpose, the Ordinary Least Squares method was used to develop a baseline regression model, and the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) approach was used for the dynamic model regression. Quantile regression was used for robustness checking across the various distributions of renewable energy. First, we find that natural resources enhance renewable energy development in Africa and that the results are robust across alternative specifications of natural resources and governance, except for forest resources, which have a negative effect on renewable energy development. When robustness is checked through a quantile regression analysis, the results show that the positive effect depends on the conditional distribution of natural resources and the type of natural resource under consideration. The negative effect of total natural resources becomes weaker as we move towards higher quantiles. Second, governance interacts with natural resource rents to generate positive effects across different governance specifications and natural resources, except for coal rent. We thereby derive some relevant implications for renewable energy financing in the Global South.

LAND LEGAL RELATIONS UNDER THE LEGISLATION OF POLAND AND UKRAINE: A COMPARATIVE LEGAL ANALYSIS

The article carres out a professional comparative legal analysis of the legislation of Ukraine and Poland in the field of land law regulation. Attention was primarily focused on the directions of development of land relations for completeness and a comprehensive presentation of the research , the concepts and terms most open to the understanding of the society were considered, in particular – «land legal relations», «land plot», «real estate», «land ownership», «land real estate», «real estate» and the general features and differences of these concepts in Ukrainian and Polish legislation are outlined. The article discloses the features of land management and cadastre in the system of land legal relations of both states, highlights the differences in the basic approaches of modern land management, in particular, the use of an innovative type of documentation for the Ukrainian legislator – a comprehensive spatial development plan. It has been studied that the cadastre system of Poland, unlike the cadastre system of Ukraine, is multifunctional and contains information about land plots and other real estate objects. It was found that land relations in Ukraine and Poland are regulated by a number of normative legal acts, while the essence of normative legal regulation is the division of land legal relations into relations of a public and private nature, which is a kind of standard of land relations regarding a land plot as a part of the earth surface and the corresponding natural resource. It was also found that at the current stage of the development of land legal relations, the formation of the latest approaches in understanding the infrastructure of geospatial data is decisive for both states, which is a potentially new step in the development of land relations in a systemic relationship with other types of natural resources (water, forest, plant life, etc.). Special attention is paid to the results of the study, based on the own analysis, a number of inherent and distinctive features of the legislation of Poland and Ukraine in the field of land law regulation have been singled out. It is noted that turning to the experience of other countries is a potentially important and promising direction in the development of modern Ukrainian legislation. Attention is focused on the importance of studying the experience of other countries, in particular Poland, which will contribute to the transformation of Ukrainian land legislation in the formation of norms that will contribute to the development of Ukrainian society.

The effect of natural resources rents on institutional and policy reform: New evidence

Using cross-section, panel, and probit models for a panel of 112 countries over the 2005–2018 period, we examine the effect of natural resource rents on institutional and policy reform, proxied by the change in economic freedom measures. Our results suggest that natural resource rents have a negative and significant effect on the change in economic freedom. This finding is confirmed when we use the share of natural resources in exports as an alternative proxy for resource abundance. Distinguishing among different types of natural resources, we find that notably oil rents have a significant negative effect on changes in economic freedom.

Influence of the Cultivator Working Body Parameters on the Soil Crumbling Quality

It was shown that soil is a specific type of natural resource that can be renewed when reasonably cultivated by various tillage methods. It requires the availability of working bodies that meet the qualitative agrotechnical indicators of the technological process. (Research purpose) To improve the design of the working body meeting the qualitative agrotechnical indicators of the shallow tillage technological process. (Materials and methods) The main agrotechnical indicators of the cultivator's working body were determined. (Results and discussion) It was proved that the working bodies developed at the Agrarian Scientific Center "Donskoy" meet the agrotechnical requirements for the indicators of the shallow tillage technological process in terms of the crumbling quality: the content of fractions less than 25 millimeters in size in the treated soil layer is 81-92 percent in terms of quantitative composition. It was found out that the highest quality of seam crumbling during the shallow tillage process with a predominant content of fractions less than 25 millimeters in size (on average 90-91 percent) was made possible with the help of a working body with a 30-degree rack sharpening angle. It was determined that at the same time the share of erosive dust-like particles increased by 1.3-3.0 percent, which is unacceptable due to the agrotechnical requirements for shallow tillage. (Conclusions) Working bodies with a rack sharpening angle of 50 and 70 degrees and a paw opening angle of 94, 104 and 114 degrees compile with agrotechnical requirements for all qualitative indicators of the shallow tillage technological process and can be applied as anti-erosion ones when used in the combined units equipped with a device for mulching the surface soil layer on stubble backgrounds without preliminary processing.

The Specifics of Statement and Solution of Regional Tasks of Sustainable Development. Part IV

The problem of sustainable economic, environmental and social development every year attracts the attention of scientists from all over the world. The interdisciplinary nature of the problem, the global scale, the limited nature of many types of natural resources, and the lack of the necessary experience in managing macrosystems hinder its successful solution. Today, mankind is concerned about the construction of a circular economy, using for this the complex processing of raw materials and materials, alternative energy sources, “green” technologies, and much more. At the same time, the issues of transition of objects of the regional economy to the trajectory of sustainable development still remain unresolved.

MINERALIZATION OF LIMESTONE AND VOLCANIC ROCK OF THE TACIPI FORMATION

Rocks are a collection of minerals that have frozen. Rocks can contain one or several minerals. Minerals are physically and chemically homogeneous crystalline substances in the earth crust. Minerals are formed at the same time as rocks. Minerals are a type of natural resource that must be studied. However, there have never been any mineral content studies done in the Tacipi Formation area, which has a great natural resource potential. Research conducted in Ulo, Lanca, and Lappae Villages (Tacipi Formation), Bone Regency, Indonesia, aimed to determine the mineral content of the rock, the crystal structure, and the distribution of rock minerals at three sampling points: point 1 (Ulo) with igneous rock samples from Bone Volcano, point 2 (Lanca) with sedimentary rock samples and point 3 (Lappae) with sedimentary rock samples from Bone Limestone tested with X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis. The analysis of all samples using the High Score Plus software obtained mineral content: magnesian calcite, calcite, quartz, diopside, corundum, chalcopyrite, and wustite. The minerals that often appear are magnesian calcite and quartz, with a mineral crystal structure that is rhombohedral and hexagonal with varying sizes. Quartz is produced from interbedded rocks of the Bone volcanic rock with the limestone reefs of the Tacipi Formation. The research results, which have a novelty value, show that the mineral richness in this area is diversified. The research results can be used by the community, local government, and investors to develop the mining sector.

РОЗВИТОК ПРАВОВОГО РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ПРИРОДНИХ РЕСУРСІВ У ГОСПОДАРСЬКІЙ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ В УКРАЇНІ

The formation and development of legal regulation of the use of natural resources in economic activity is analyzed. It is established that certain aspects of the legal regulation of the use of some natural resources can be found in Ruska Pravda, which was carried out mainly for tax purposes. The development of legislation on the use of natural resources in the Middle Ages and during the stay of Ukraine as part of the Russian Empire is analyzed. It is established that the use of natural resources on Ukrainian lands during their stay in the Polish-Lithuanian principality was regulated mainly by customary law. Agrarian reform was carried out as a result of the adoption of the act “Ustav na Voloky” (1557). In addition, in 1567 the Forest Charter was adopted, which was one of the first acts in Europe in the field of forest protection and use. It is substantiated that until the twentieth century there was a rather fragmentary regulation of the protection and preservation of natural resources, mainly with a view to protecting the ownership of certain natural objects, especially land. The regulation of the use of natural resources in economic activity in the Soviet period and after the declaration of independence is studied. Among the first acts adopted after the revolution was the “Decree on Land” of November 8, 1917, according to which the land became state property. However, only since the 60 of the last century special laws have been adopted aimed at legal protection of nature. Normative-legal acts of independent Ukraine from the standpoint of regulating the use of natural resources in eco- no mic activity are systematized into three groups: normative acts regulating economic activity in general and certain aspects of natural resources protection; regulations that mainly regulate the protection of natural resources in general and estab lish certain principles of their use in economic activities; regulations governing the protection and use of certain types of natural resources, including in economic activities. In addition, the periodization of the historical development of legislative regulation of the use of natural resources in economic activity is suggested.

Formation of the trend of ecologically safe social environment - an important component of sustainable development (on the example of tourism)

Introduction. A characteristic feature of our time is the deterioration of the ecological situation, necessitating the formation of an ecologically safe environment as an important component of sustainable development. In this regard, the tourism sector and ecological tourism in particular, which is one of the leading types of economic activity that provide an ecological direction of economic development, is gaining momentum. Today there are both favorable and unfavorable factors for the development of the tourism sector.Purpose of the research. The study is devoted to the substantiation of the scientific and practical foundations, the application of which will ensure the activities of the tourism sector in the context of the implementation of the environmental requirements of sustainable development.Results. The essence and significance of an ecologically safe social environment, necessary to ensure sustainable development in the country, is revealed. It highlights the place in this process of the tourism sector in general and ecological tourism, in particular, as well as the types of natural resources on the basis of which this area operates. A vision of the main functional areas of activity in the field of ecological tourism and infrastructure components of the tourism industry is presented.The main attention in the aspect of the investigated problematics is paid to the search for ways of preserving and rational use of natural resource potential. At the same time, special emphasis is placed on environmental education – primarily children, adolescents, youth and the substantiation of the main tasks of environmental policy in the context of ensuring sustainable development. Problems associated with the impact of the environmental situation on the state of public health are also taken into account. The proposed theoretical and methodological approaches to the formation of a trend to further strengthen the relationship between ecology, economy and society in the context of the implementation of European environmental standards in national legislation.Perspectives. Further research is required on the issues of determining the directions of specific measures for the development of the tourism sector, carried out taking into account the existing socio-economic prerequisites and aimed at creating an ecologically safe social environment as an important component of sustainable development.

Selecting Sites for Artificial Recharge of Groundwater with the Help of GIS, Remote Sensing and Geophysical Investigations in Jakhaura Block, Lalitpur, Uttar Pradesh

Water is a type of natural resource which has its application in almost every aspect of life and due to this it’s exploitation is observed at an increasingly fast rate. Our country is also suffering from water scarcity because its population is more than almost17% of the world’s population with only 4% of the World’s renewable water resources. In Indian sub-continent our dependency on Groundwater has increased very much. As a result, the Groundwater storage of our country is decreasing at very high rate and to address this we have thought to view the possibility of artificially recharging the Groundwater. This paper aims to find the suitable sites for building rainwater harvesting structures from combined use of Remote sensing, Geophysical technique and GIS in Jakhaura block of Lalitpur, Uttar Pradesh. The hard terrain feature of Jakhaura block makes the runoff very high and as a result infiltration of the rainwater to the groundwater is very low. For multi criteria evaluation, different thematic layers such as base map of area, drainage network, land use/ land cover, slope map, lineament, VES ( Resistivity meter) data, pseudo section using Zohdy software are taken into account. The overlay analysis of thematic layers has helped to make ground water prospects map, which has helped to make a site suitability map of different rainwater harvesting structures including percolation tanks, nala bunds, distillation tank and check dams etc.