Moss Types Research Articles

Exploration of mosses in urban-bogor habitats: Species identification, diversity and uniformity

This research focuses on the exploration of moss in the Bogor urban habitat, to explore the identification of moss types, measuring the level of diversity, and assessing the level of uniformity in the context of the urban environment. Data collection at the research location was divided into 3 stations with different environmental parameters. The method used in this research was an exploratory survey using the belt transect technique. The sampling method is purposive sampling with the help of a quadratic plot. The results of this research found 20 moss species identified on the green belt of Jalan Pajajaran, Bogor with a diversity index for the three stations respectively, namely 2.45; 2.02; and 1.78 which is classified into the medium category, and the uniformity index for the three stations respectively is 0.835; 0.814; 0.811 which is classified as high. These results show that the moss found can live by adapting to environmental factors in urban areas such as fluctuating temperature, humidity, and light intensity.

Mosses for minimalist green roofs: A preliminary study of the effects of rooftop exposure, species selection, and lab-grown vs. wild-harvested propagule sources

Mosses are rarely explicitly included in urban green infrastructure projects in much of North America. Nevertheless, their opportunistic colonization of impervious surfaces in the absence of intervention, combined with successful tests of their suitability in other parts of the world, suggests that they may be suited to expanded use in applications such as green roofs, and beneficial to urban ecosystem services. Such inclusion requires more detailed knowledge of both general methods for incorporating mosses into green infrastructure, and species-specific knowledge on propagation methods and maximizing growth. In this report, we present a 3-year green roof trial with five types of moss replicated across both wild and lab grown inocula, on both sheltered and exposed asphalt roof surfaces in Atlantic Canada. The exposed roof surface was not conducive to bryophyte survival; repeated wind damage, combined with rapid onset of chlorosis from drought stress, resulted in a complete mortality of all species in that condition. In the sheltered habitat, all species were still present by the third year, but with much lower cover than was present post-installation. In general, wild-harvested shoots survived better than lab-cultivated ones, and those mosses transplanted from shady habitats fared better than those from sunny habitats. We conclude that surface attachment and degree of exposure are the most important factors for establishing moss growth on asphalt roofs, whereas selecting among species may be important only in the context of maximizing long-term growth under highly localized conditions, such as high litter deposition or partial vs. full shade from overhead trees.

VARIETY OF BRYOPHYTES IN SULTAN ADAM MANDIANGIN GRAND FOREST PARK AREA

Moss plants can live well in areas that have high humidity. The Dutch Guesthouse which is located in the Sultan Adam Mandiangin Forest Park area has quite high humidity because the area has lots of dense plants, so it is a suitable habitat for the living nature of moss plants. This study aims to describe and identify the types of moss found. Data collection was carried out using the total roaming method, which was then followed by determining and identifying each sample of the moss plants found. Data analysis was carried out descriptively and identifying species with reference to the literature. The results of the study found 10 species of mosses belonging to 7 different families, both found in tree, rock and soil habitats. The species found were: Calymperes tenerum, Calymperes afzelii, Hyophila apiculata, Hyophila involuta (Hook.) A. Jaeger, Ectropothecium falciforme, Octoblepharum albidum, Philonotis hastata, Acroporium secundum, Lejeunea lamacerina, and Thysananthus sp. The results of this study are expected to provide information about the variety and biodiversity of mosses in South Kalimantan.

EFFECT OF VARIOUS SUBSTRATE ON THE YIELD AND QUALITY OF RADISH (Raphanus sativus)

This study was carried out in field of Sulimani Polytechnic University, Halabja Technical College of Applied Sciences, Department of Agriculture Project Management, in 2021-2022 to test of different types of peat moss (Latvia, Iraq, Turkish, Germany, and Holland), and various level of peat moss (0,2.5, and 5 percent) on the growth and yield of radish plant (Raphanus sativus). This experiment was designed complied random block design (RCBD), with fifteen treatments and three replications. As results, the morphological properties (chlorophyll, leave tall, leave weight before and after dry, root tall, root diameter, root weight before and after dry, root and leaves dry, root and leaves water content) showed that the statistically not significant different between treatments. However, the highest chlorophyll was taken from treatment Iraq+ level 5 percent (23.967). Also, the highest leave tall, leave weight before dry, root dimeter, root tall, and root weight before and after dry was obtained from treatment that consist of Germany peat moss + level 5 percent (18.4 cm, 22.2 g, 8.4 cm, 39.157 mm, 58.433 g, 2.333 g) respectively. Also, the maximum of leaves weight (g) after dry was obtained from the treatment of Holland peat moss + level 5 percent (2,6 g). Furthermore, the interaction between treatment showed statically not significant different between them. Thus, application of peat moss is important to cultivation of radish and organic crop production. Even so, recommendation to the farm and scientist to use higher level that the level used in this study.

Identification of Moss Types in the UIN Syekh Ali Hasan Ahmad Addary Padangsidimpuan Area

Identification of Moss Types in the UIN Syekh Ali Hasan Ahmad Addary Padangsidimpuan Area

CO2 removal characteristics of a novel type of moss and its potential for urban green roof applications

The feasibility of a novel type of moss (Parkortanso No. 1 synthesized from Racomitrium japonicum, Dozy and Molk) to capture CO2 in urban areas was demonstrated. The effects of light intensity (500, 1000, and 1500 µmol/m2.s), ambient temperature (10 °C, 25 °C, and 35 °C), age (1-year-old and 3 years old), and leaf color (bright and dark green) on the CO2 removal caused by the moss concerned were investigated. It was determined that stronger light intensity resulted in higher CO2 removal by the target moss. The moss showed the best CO2 capture at 25 °C, while the CO2-capturing capacities declined when the ambient temperatures were 10 °C and 35 °C. Three years old bright green moss was found to have higher CO2-capturing capacity than 1 year old. Similarly, bright green moss exhibited the best CO2 uptake out of the mosses concerned. The highest net CO2 emission of the moss was − 1.94 ± 0.72 kgCO2/m2.year, which was comparable to other moss and plant species. Consequently, the bright green and old Parkortanso No. 1 moss are recommended for a green roof application in terms of CO2 capture.Graphical

Adsorptive removal of Cr(VI) and Cu(II) ions from aqueous solutions by a natural moss

Abstract The aim of the present research is to develop a new, fast, and easily applicable adsorption method for the removal of hazardous Cr(VI) and Cu(II) ions from the polluted industrial wastewater by using Racomitrium ericoides (Brid.) Brid. (REB), a type of moss. Although there are studies in the literature in which different moss species were used for the removal of heavy metals (HMs), REB was used for the first time in this study. Adsorption experiments were carried out through a batch system. The impact of significant experimental parameters showed that the optimum values of initial pH were 2.0 for Cr(VI) retention and 5.0 for Cu(II), and 360 min was selected as the optimum contact time for both HMs. An artificial neural network (ANN) model was applied to create a predictive model for the uptake efficiency of HMs. Adsorption kinetics of Cr(VI) and Cu(II) ions followed the pseudo-second order model. The maximum adsorption capacities of REB identified through the Langmuir model were 41.2 mg g−1 for Cr(VI) and 22.7 mg g−1 for Cu(II) ions. The results of the study demonstrated that REB can be utilized as an abundant, low-cost, and effective adsorbent in removal of HMs from aqueous solutions.

Effects of Moss-Dominated Biocrusts on Soil Microbial Community Structure in an Ionic Rare Earth Tailings Area of Southern China.

Moss-dominated biocrusts are widespread in degraded mining ecosystems and play an important role in soil development and ecosystem primary succession. In this work, the soil microbial community structure under moss-dominated biocrusts in ionic rare earth tailings was investigated to reveal the relationship between different types of moss and taxonomy/function of microbiomes. The results showed that microbial community structure was significantly influenced by four moss species (Claopodium rugulosifolium, Orthotrichum courtoisii, Polytrichum formosum, and Taxiphyllum giraldii). The microbial assembly was more prominent in Claopodium rugulosifolium soil than in the other moss soils, which covers 482 bacterial genera (including 130 specific genera) and 338 fungal genera (including 72 specific genera), and the specific genus is 40% to 1300% higher than that of the other three mosses. Although only 141 and 140 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) rooted in bacterial and fungal clusters, respectively, were shared by all four mosses grown in ionic rare earth tailings, this core microbiome could represent a large fraction (28.2% and 38.7%, respectively) of all sequence reads. The bacterial population and representation are the most abundant, which mainly includes Sphingomonas, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, and unclassified filamentous bacteria and chloroplasts, while the fungi population is relatively singular. The results also show that biocrust dominated by moss has a positive effect on soil microbe activity and soil nutrient conditions. Overall, these findings emphasize the importance of developing moss-dominated biocrusts as hotspots of ecosystem functioning and precious microbial genetic resources in degraded rare-earth mining areas and promoting a better understanding of biocrust ecology in humid climates under global change scenarios.

Spatial Distribution of Unique Biological Communities and Their Control Over Surface Reflectivity of the Stanley Glacier, Uganda

Diverse microbes have been revealed to live in glaciers worldwide, but only a few biological studies were dedicated to glaciers in tropical Africa. These glaciers are shrinking rapidly and are expected to disappear shortly. In this study, we carried out biological and glaciological field observations on Stanley Glacier, the largest remaining glacier in the Rwenzori Mountains, Uganda, Africa. Microbial aggregates ranging from micrometer to centimeter in size were found on the glacier surface and contained moss and various types of Chlorophyta, among which a new endemic species of green alga. Concentrations of total impurities on the glacier surface, including microbial aggregates, varied spatially and decreased as altitude increased. The large microbial aggregates (larger than 4 cm in diameter) were found only at the glacier surface near the terminus and side margins, where the surface was less frequently covered with snow. It is also shown that the total organic matter on the glacier surface is determined by the timing of snow cover, which affects the quantity of solar radiation reaching the glacier ice surface. Furthermore, the total impurity content was negatively correlated with surface reflectivity, revealing their potential role in albedo reduction at the glacier surface through positive feedback between enhanced meltwater and increased biological growth.

Growth and development analysis of silver Brium (Bryum argentium Hedw.) depending on illumination level influence

In modern ornamental gardening, there are many types and varieties of plants. In recent decades, representatives of bryophytes group (Bryophyta), in particular, silver Brium (Bryum argenteum Hedw.), have been especially popular. This moss is not only one of the most popular moss types used for decorative purposes, but it can also be considered a good subject for biomonitoring. Bryophytes are used as sources of information about environment state, which directly affects surrounding living objects life. The use of bryophytes makes it possible to detect places of pollution, to assess the harmfulness of pollutants, which, in turn, makes it possible to assess of environment changes rate. During our research, illumination level influence on the growth and development of silver Brium, in particular on the indicators of plant height and the number of plants per unit area, was established.

The diversity of Bryophytes in Nenek Hills, Natural Tourism Park of Mount Permisan, South Bangka Regency

The mosses growth is generally influenced by temperature, habitat humidity, light intensity, and soil acidity. This study aimed to determine the level of diversity of bryophytes species on various substrates in the Nenek Hills Natural Tourism Park of Mount Permisan, South Bangka Regency. The methods used in this study were exploration and observation. The results of this study are the types of mosses (Bryophytes) found Nenek Hills Natural Tourism Park of Mount Permisan, South Bangka Regency, are from the families Calymperaceae, Dicranaceae, Fissidentaceae, Leucobryaceae, Rhizogoniaceae, Sematophylaceae, Calypogeiaceae, Geocalyceae, Lejeuneaceae, Lepidoziaceae and Plagiochilaceae. The dominating family is Leucobryaceae, Lejeuneaceae and Calymperaceae. The type of substrate that moss prefers to grow is rock. Abiotic factors consist of light intensity with a value of 0,2-7,2 Klx (low), air temperature with a value of 25-29°C (medium-high), humidity with a value of 34-68% (medium-high), soil acidity with a value of 5,9-6,9 (slightly-neutral) and soil moisture with a value of 52-65% (moist).

Deciphering the shifting role of intrinsic and extrinsic drivers on moss decomposition in peatlands over a 5‐year period

Bryophytes are largely responsible for globally significant carbon accumulation in peatland ecosystems. This accumulation is primarily caused by the slow decomposition of these mosses, which can be attributed to a combination of intrinsic (chemical) characteristics of decaying mosses and extrinsic (environmental) influences. Here we investigated the importance of intrinsic and extrinsic drivers of moss decomposition in peatlands and hypothesized that the early stages of decay will be driven primarily by intrinsic characteristics, while extrinsic drivers will become more important in the later phases of decomposition. We tested this hypothesis by placing litterbags of three moss types (Sphagnum divinum, Sphagnum angustifolium/fallax and Polytrichum sp.) into hummock and hollow microtopographies in a bog and a lawn microtopography in a nearby poor fen in northern Minnesota, USA. Decomposition was measured over a 5‐year period and confirmed our hypothesis; while intrinsic and extrinsic variables were both important in driving decay rates over time, decay in the first year was primarily predicted by litter type, while extrinsic influences (e.g. peat temperature, moisture, nutrient limitation) that varied at peatland and microtopographic scales became more important by year 5. Though the nutrient (i.e. nitrogen [N] and phosphorus [P]) content of decaying mosses did not explain the variation in decay rates among litter types, analysis of N:P in moss litter suggested that litter‐decaying microorganisms became increasingly P‐limited over time. The majority of litter decomposition studies in peatlands are generally of short duration (< 3 years). Our study suggests that longer‐term studies are needed to reveal the roles of multiple drivers of moss decay. Improving the mechanistic understanding of decomposition processes in peatlands will be critical to developing more robust representations of peatlands and their ecosystem processes in carbon and climate models.

Restoration of boreal peatland impacted by an in‐situ oil sands well‐pad 1: Vegetation response

In this study, our goal was to adapt the moss layer transfer technique (MLTT), first developed to restore degraded Sphagnum‐dominated peatland explicitly with a bryophyte layer, to a former in‐situ oil sands well‐pad constructed with nearby mineral fill in northwestern Alberta, Canada. Mineral fill was either completely removed or partially removed with residual fill buried under excavated and decompacted peat, followed by the transfer of donor moss collected from nearby linear features with different plant communities in peatlands. Three years after MLTT, peatland vegetation covers 63% of the site. Carex spp. dominate with 36% coverage, followed by mosses at 12%, including 3% Sphagnum spp. and 8% fen mosses, and shrubs at 8%. Different substrate adjustment treatments and types of donor moss had negligible impact on vegetation development although areas without MLTT remained devoid of mosses and had the lowest peatland species cover. Instead, surface elevation, moisture conditions, and substrate chemistry played important roles in shaping the vegetation communities. The prompt introduction and establishment of peatland donor species through MLTT was crucial to the overall re‐establishment of peatland vegetation. This is the first full pad scale study to prove that a flat, moist peat surface created by the removal and/or burial of mineral fill can support peatland vegetation development, particularly ground layer bryophytes. Overall, the reclaimed well‐pad appears to be on trajectory toward becoming a functional peatland and our approaches should be considered and tested in future well‐pad reclamation trials.

The relationship of C and N stable isotopes to high-latitude moss-associated N2 fixation.

Moss-associated N2 fixation by epiphytic microbes is a key biogeochemical process in nutrient-limited high-latitude ecosystems. Abiotic drivers, such as temperature and moisture, and the identity of host mosses are critical sources of variation in N2 fixation rates. An understanding of the potential interaction between these factors is essential for predicting N inputs as moss communities change with the climate. To further understand the drivers and results of N2 fixation rate variation, we obtained natural abundance values of C and N isotopes and an associated rate of N2 fixation with 15N2 gas incubations in 34 moss species collected in three regions across Alaska, USA. We hypothesized that δ15N values would increase toward 0‰ with higher N2 fixation to reflect the increasing contribution of fixed N2 in moss biomass. Second, we hypothesized that δ13C and N2 fixation would be positively related, as enriched δ13C signatures reflect abiotic conditions favorable to N2 fixation. We expected that the magnitude of these relationships would vary among types of host mosses, reflecting differences in anatomy and habitat. We found little support for our first hypothesis, with only a modest positive relationship between N2 fixation rates and δ15N in a structural equation model. We found a significant positive relationship between δ13C and N2 fixation only in Hypnales, where the probability of N2 fixation activity reached 95% when δ13C values exceeded -30.4‰. We conclude that moisture and temperature interact strongly with host moss identity in determining the extent to which abiotic conditions impact associated N2 fixation rates.

Bryophyta di Sekitar Kawasan Bandar Udara Internasional Syamsudin Noor Kalimantan Selatan

The diversity of mosses around the Syamsudin Noor international airport was never reported. This study aimed to reveal the variety of moss around the Syamsudin Noor International Airport area. This research uses the purposive sampling method. Measurement of environmental parameters includes air temperature, light intensity, humidity, and soil pH. Moss identification refers to the book A Handbook of Malesian Mosses volume 1 Sphagnales to Dicranales and A Handbook of Malesian Mosses volume 2 Leucobryaceae to Buxbaumiaceae. The moss morphological characters observed included the leaves, stems, and rhizoids using a stereomicroscope. The results showed that in Syamsudin Noor International Airport's vicinity, there are as many as five types of moss consisting: Pseudoracelopus acaulis, Hyophila apiculata Homalothecium lutescens, Ectropothecium falciforme, Fissidens atroviridis. The most dominant type of moss is Pseudoracelopus acaulis. The range of environmental parameter values ??is air temperature 28-34oC, light intensity 20-35 lux, humidity 74-84%, and soil pH 7. This study's results are preliminary data to determine the environmental change around Syamsudin Noor International Airport.

Eksplorasi Lumut (Bryophyta) di Kawasan Air Terjun Bukit Gatan Provinsi Sumatera Selatan

<p><em>This study aims to determine the type of moss in the Bukit Gatan Waterfall Region of Ulu Terawas STL Musi Rawas Regency, as well as Abiotic Factors in the Bukit Gatan Waterfall Area in the District of Ulu Terawas STL Musi Rawas District. This research is descriptive Descriptive: direct observation in the location of the Bukit Gatan Waterfall Area, STL Ulu Terawas Musi Rawas Regency with a roaming method or exploring the Waterfall Area. Data were analyzed descriptively qualitatively. Types of moss found in 2 Classes namely Bryopsida and Hepaticopsida, consisting of 5 Orders namely Pottiales, Bryales, Fissidentales, Hypnales, and Jungermaniales, consisting of 5 Families namely Pottiaceae, Batramiaceae, Fissidentaceae, Hypnaceae and Plagiochilaceae, consisting of 6 Genus Hyophila, Philotiphll, Philotropll , and Plagiochila, consisting of 7 species namely Hyophila javanica, Philonotis hastata, Fissidens atroviridis, Hyophila apiculata, Ectropothecium sp., Taxiphyllum sp., and Plagiochila asplenoides. The Abioic Factor is pH Temperature which is an average of 6.6, temperatures with an average of 27 ºC, humidity with an average of 6.3% and at an appropriate light intensity of 285lux.</em></p>

Net Primary Production of Carbon in Pine Forests on European North-East of Russia (Republic of Komi)

The accumulation of carbon of organic matter by forest phytocenoses during photosynthesis is their most important function, mitigating climate change on the Earth. The literature provides data that the territory of the Russian Federation is a large sink of atmospheric carbon. However, the estimates of the sink, as well as the values ​​of the net primary production (NPP) of forest ecosystems, vary widely. This paper presents materials describing the net carbon production of phytomass in pine forests of different types of growing conditions in the northern and middle taiga of the Komi Republic. Premature, mature, and old-growth pine forests of green moss, lichen, and sphagnum types have been studied at forest stations. The carbon sequestration by the forest stand is assessed by biological productivity using sample trees. The regression equations for the dependence of the increments of individual organs of a sample tree on the stem diameter at a height of 1.3 m are composed. A statistically significant relationship is found between these parameters, characterized by high trend approximation values ​​varying from 0.44 to 0.99 (at 95% significance level). It is calculated that, under the conditions of the European Russian northeast, the NPP of carbon in pine phytocenoses varies within the range of 1.9–4.5 t C ha–1 year–1. It is established that the tree stand accounts for 32–73% of the total NPP. With increasing soil moisture and moving northward, the participation of plants in the ground vegetation increases in the total NPP. It is noted that a significant part of the NPP of carbon of the tree layer of pine forests is formed by the photosynthetic apparatus and the stem wood. Based on these data, the conversion relations between NPP and wood volume/carbon stock in the stand for pine forests of the northern and middle taiga are derived.

Measurements of the Specific Activities of 137Cs in Antarctica Environmental Samples by Using the Low-Level Radiation Analysis Method

Since the King Sejong Korean Antarctic Research Station began operation in 1988, studies of various fields have been then carried out in polar regions and significant achievements have been yielded. However, environmental and biological radiations have not been dealt with compared to other research areas. In this study, the 137Cs distribution is investigated for environmental elements in the vicinity of the two research stations, the Jang Bogo Station and the King Sejong Station, operated by the Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI) in Antarctica by using a low-level radiation analysis method. Three different types of environmental samples, soils, mosses, and lichens are investigated for identification of 137Cs. In order to discriminate low levels of radiations from background radiations and estimate their specific activities with high reliability and precision, we used a heavily shielded HPGe detector in an underground laboratory to perform the activity measurements. GEANT4 simulations were carried out for efficiency calibrations corresponding to the shape of the pre-processed sample. 137Cs has been identified in all the samples and the energy spectrum has been found to reflect their physical and ecological characteristics.

Ecobiological and Soil Features of the Biogeocenosis of Azerbaijan

The article provides information about the uniqueness of the soil gene pool of Azerbaijan. A unique demonstration material on separate sections – soil science, agrochemistry, ecology, biology – has been collected in the Soil Museum, which illuminates the general historical annals of the developmen t of soil science. The expediency of creating regional soil museums is indicated. The article provides a list of 12 types of medicinal mosses identified in the bryoflora of Azerbaijan. A summary of the medicinal properties, location, and distribution is provided for each species. The authors establish that in the local bryoflora leaf-mosses of the following genera are the most represented: Sphagnum, Amblystegium, Bryum, Philonotis, Mnium, Polytrichum. The extracts obtained from mosses have been tested on five types of fungi such as: Fuzarium avenaceum, Fuzarium culmarum, Fuzarium oxysporium, Alternaria alternate, and Alternaria brassical. Soils, when used rationally in agriculture, “cultivate” and acquire new qualitative properties. Therefore, the development of soil protection measures in Azerbaijan is one of the important tasks facing the soil science of the republic. Detailed soil maps and cartograms of chemical, physical and agronomic properties of soils are the main scientific document in agricultural production. The comprehensive conservation and improvement of soils should be considered as an inextricable part of the zonal, regional, local farming systems and plans for the use of natural resources. Therefore, the protection of soils, their improvement and increasing their fertility is not only an important scientific task, but also the task of national knowledge. In this regard, the creation of Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry of the Soil Museum will precisely follow this goal. The museum has collected unique soil materials, some of which are rare, with limited distribution areas of endemic and reference types. The museum has created departments of outstanding soil scientists. Among them, academician G.A. Aliev, who has done a lot to protect the ecosystems of Azerbaijan, occupies a special place. The creation of the Red Book, the main mission of which is the protection of species diversity and the unique soil gene pool of Azerbaijan, also acquires great importance.

Reduction of hazardous reactive oxygen species (ROS) production of ZnO through Mn inclusion for possible UV-radiation shielding application

Mnx - ZnO(1-x) nanopowders were successfully synthesised through a simple sol-gel method. The samples were annealed at 300 °C to enhance their crystallinity. The lattice structure, morphology and optical properties of the prepared powdered samples were extensively studied using different characterization techniques, confirming the formation of Mnx - ZnO(1-x). The inclusion of Mn did not cause any change to the wurtzite structure of ZnO; however slight peak shifting and increase in lattice parameters were indicated. The normal absorption spectra pointed to a cut-off edge extending beyond the UV region and a Burstein- Moss type band gap broadening induced by the Mn doping. ZnO showed excellent photodegradation activity against methylene blue (MB) upon UV irradiation. Intensifying the dopant concentration resulted in further diminution of photoactivity against MB. This reduction of photocatalytic activity of ZnO upon doping can be drawn to be due to the presence of Mn in the ZnO lattice, which acted as recombination sites for the photogenerated charge carriers.The results demonstrated that doping ZnO with Mn can be used to suppress the oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) through generation of recombination centres. The suppression of toxic ROS generation implies possible application in fabrics and ointments for UV shielding applications.