Types Of Intestinal Parasites Research Articles

Parasites and Bacterial Interaction in the Digestive Tract

In our intestine, there is an interface between immunity and intestinal pathogens, which is important for maintaining homeostasis and influencing the other. Maintaining health seems to depend on the human body's gut microbiota being balanced. Protozoans and helminths are two types of intestinal parasites that interfere with the microbial atmosphere altering the host stability. However, the microbiota of the gut is a special constituent that could seriously impede the infection pathophysiology. Probiotics can be supportive in lowering the many parasite pathogenicity, in addition commensal microbiota of the gut play a significant role in helping many parasite occurance, such as the synthesis of nutritious particles. For these reasons, there is a rising interest in elucidating the logic behind potential relationships between: intestinal parasites, inflammation immune response, and microbiota.

Burden and factors influencing intestinal parasitic infections among food handlers in Gondar City, Northwest Ethiopia.

Intestinal parasitic infections pose significant global health challenges, particularly in developing countries. Asymptomatic infections often present a considerable burden with food handlers serving as potential carriers. In Ethiopia, the prevalence of these parasites varies across regions, and accurate data in the study area is lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of intestinal parasites among food handlers working in hotels and restaurants in Gondar City, Northwest Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study collected stool samples from food handlers alongside a structured questionnaire gathering socio-demographic and hygiene practice information. Stool specimens were screened for intestinal parasites using direct wet mount and formol-ether concentration techniques. The collected data were checked for completeness, entered into EpiData software version 3.1, and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was deemed statistically significant if the p-value was less than 0.05. A total of 257 food handlers working in hotels and restaurants in Gondar City participated in the study. Of these, 33.5% (86/257) were found positive for one or more intestinal parasites, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 28.0-39.5%. The study identified nine types of intestinal parasites, with E. histolytica/dispar (8.2%, 21/257) and Ascaris lumbricoides (6.6%, 17/257) being the predominant parasites, followed by hookworm (3.5%, 9/257) and S. mansoni (2.3%, 6/257). The prevalence of mixed infections was 9.3% (24/257). A significant association was observed between intestinal parasitic infection and the educational level of food handlers. In this study, a high prevalence of intestinal parasites was detected indicating poor hygiene practices of the food handlers at the study site. Even the prevalence of mixed infections was high. Regular training, strict adherence to personal hygiene and food-handling practices, and routine inspections and medical checkups for food handlers are crucial.

Microscopic examination of internal parasites in Iraqi camels (Camelus dromedarius) with molecular focus on Trichostrongylus spp.

The camel has played a role in human civilization since its inception and holds significant importance in the customs and agricultural practices of various nations. This study examined the prevalence of internal parasitic infestations in camels within the Al-Diwaniyah and Al-Najaf provinces of Iraq from December 2021 to September 2022. A total of 200 fecal samples were randomly collected from farm camels, revealing that these animals were affected by one or more types of intestinal parasites. Nematodes exhibited the highest prevalence at 56 %, followed by Protozoa at 28.5 %, Cestodes at 14.5 %, and Trematodes at 1 %. Among these parasites, Trichostrongylus spp. had the highest percentage at 33 %, followed by Moneizia benedeni (12.5 %), Fasciola hepatica (10.5 %), Strongyloides spp. (8 %), Giardia spp. (7 %), Nematodirus spp. (6 %), and Eimeria spp. (6 %). Furthermore, mixed-species or single-species infections in camels were observed, including Anoplcephala perfoliata (4 %), Haemonchus spp. (3.5 %), Dictyocaulus spp. (3 %), Trichuris trichura (2.5 %), Entamoeba spp. (2 %), and Balantidium coli (1 %). Additionally, nested PCR was employed to identify Trichostrongylus spp., with 45.4 % of camels testing positive for this particular parasite.

Gambaran Telur Soil Transmitted Helminth (STH) Pada Anak-anak Yang Terindikasi Stunting Menggunakan Metode Natif

Soil-transmitted Helminth (STH) worm eggs are a type of intestinal parasite that can cause infections in humans, especially children. This parasitic infection can cause stunting, which can have a negative impact on health. This study aims to determine the description of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) eggs in children with indications of stunting. This research was carried out using laboratory observations. The object of this research was to collect feces using a random sampling technique with a direct (native) method. Based on the research that has been carried out, of the 16 feces samples, 9 positive samples were found to have soil-transmitted helminth (STH) worm eggs consisting of 7 Ascaris lumbricoides egg samples, 2 Trichuris trichiura egg samples, and 7 negative samples. It follows that one possible cause of childhood stunting could be the egg infection caused by soil-transmitted helminth (STH) worms.

Public Awareness of Intestine Protozoa Risk Factors in Koncang Village Pandeglang Banten and Its Review According to Islam

Introduction: Intestinal protozoa are widely distributed throughout the world, especially in tropical countries with poor sanitation. WHO estimates that around 3.5 billion world population, especially children, are infected with various types of intestinal parasites, and as many as 450 million of them fall ill. Indonesia has a relatively high prevalence with incidence rates of intestinal protozoa reaching 10-18%. The purpose of this study was to determine public awareness of the risk factors for diseases caused by intestinal protozoa in the Pandeglang community in Koncang Village.Method: This research is descriptive quantitative with cross sectional approach. The population in this study were the people of Koncang Village, Pandeglang Regency, totaling 49 people. The type of data is primary data using a previously prepared questionnaire. The technique used in data analysis is the chi-square test.Result: The results showed that the level of public knowledge about intestinal protozoa disease was not good, the level of community attitude was good, the level of community behavior was good. Based on the results of statistical tests, there is a relationship between knowledge and behavior towards intestinal protozoa disease in the people of Koncang Village, Pandeglang Regency, with a p-value of 0.019 (p-value <0.05). There is no relationship between attitudes and behavior in the people of Koncang Village, Pandeglang Regency, with a p-value of 0.906 (p-value> 0.05).Conclusion: There is a statistically significant relationship between knowledge and behavior towards intestinal protozoa disease. There was no statistically significant relationship between attitudes and behavior towards intestinal protozoa disease.

An Epidemiological Survey of Intestinal Parasitic Infection and the Socioeconomic Status of the Ethnic Minority People of Moken and Orang Laut.

Ethnic minority groups are often subjected to exclusion, social and healthcare marginalization, and poverty. There appears to be important linkages between ethnic minority groups, poor socioeconomic status, and a high prevalence of parasitic infection. Data regarding the prevalence and health effects of IPIs are necessary in the development and implementation of targeted prevention and control strategies to eradicate intestinal parasitic infection in the high-risk population. Thus, we investigated for the first time the intestinal parasitic infection status (IPIs), the socioeconomic status, and sanitary condition in the communities of Moken and Orang Laut, the ethnic minority peoples living on the coast of southwest Thailand. A total of 691 participants participated in the present study. The information concerning socioeconomic status and sanitary condition of the study population was obtained by personal interviews using a picture questionnaire. Stool samples were collected and examined for intestinal parasitic infection using direct wet smear and formalin-ethyl acetate concentration techniques. The results revealed that 62% of the study population were infected with one or more types of intestinal parasites. The highest prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections was found in the 11-20-year-old age range group. A statistically significant difference of IPIs among the three communities were observed (p < 0.0001). There was a statistical difference concerning 44 multiple infections of soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) (p < 0.001), whereas no statistically significant difference in multiple infections of protozoa was observed (p > 0.55). The results also displayed the significant difference in socioeconomic status and sanitary condition among the Moken living in Ranong and Phang Nga and the Orang Laut living in the Satun province (p < 0.001). Our study found no direct association between parasitic infection status and ethnic/geographic features; however, socioeconomic status is the key factor associated with prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection, with the observation that the higher prevalence of IPIs is due to a low socioeconomic status, consequently leading to poor hygiene and sanitation practices. The picture questionnaire played a major role in information gathering, especially from those of low or no education. Lastly, data pertaining to the species of the parasites and the mode of transmission assisted in the identification of group-specific vulnerabilities and shortcomings that can be utilized in education and corrected to reduce the prevalence of infection in the study areas.

An Epidemiological Study of Intestinal Parasites in Children Attending the Pediatric Teaching Hospital in the Holy City Of Karbala, Iraq

Background: Intestinal parasitosis remains an important public health concern worldwide because of its high incidence reached in several countries as well as its nutritional consequences. The role of intestinal parasites in causing morbidity and mortality, as well as the pathogenesis of other infectious diseases, is determined. Intestinal parasitic infection is most common among school-age children and tends to cause high-intensity infection in this age group. Intestinal parasites are divided into two major types: helminths and protozoa. Protozoa are unicellular organisms and belong to the Protista kingdom and can reproduce in the human body which can allow the formation of serious infections. Objectives: The objective of this study was to detect the incidence of intestinal parasites in children attending and hospitalized at Karbala Teaching Hospital in the holy city of Karbala, Iraq. Materials and Methods: Between February 2021 and January 2022, 3748 feces samples from children between the age of 1 and 15 years were tested using both direct smear and acid fast stain test in addition to rapid test techniques. Results: The result showed that the total percentage of infection with intestinal parasites was 13% and recorded five types of intestinal parasites: Entamoeba histolytica (10.54%), Giardia lamblia (2.46%), Cryptosporidium parvum 0.4%, Hymenolepis nana (0.24%), Enterobius vermicularis (0.13%), and Trichomonas hominis (0.03%). Males were more likely to get infected than females, and the incidence of intestinal parasite infection (IPI) changed over the month of the study. Also, the infection with one species has more incidence than two and three species. The age groups of the infected children were likewise impacted by the infection rate. The statistical analysis revealed differences in the percentage of IPI by age and gender of children (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: We conclude from the result of the present study that the incidence of infection with E. histolytica is more than that of other intestinal parasites, and intestinal parasites were affected by most epidemiological criteria such as gender, the duration of the study, and age of infected patients.

Intestinal parasite infections associated with sociodemographic and seasonal factors in the Western Amazon.

Intestinal parasites are a constant public health problem in the Amazon region, with a high prevalence of cases related to poor sanitary conditions. We investigated the sociodemographic and seasonal factors associated with human intestinal parasite infections in an area of the Western Amazon, Brazil, from September 2017 to August 2019. Data were collected using a database available at the Diagnostic Support Centre (Centro de Apoio ao Diagnóstico, CAD) of the Municipality of Rio Branco, on positive diagnoses for intestinal parasites. Among the 53,200 samples analysed, 18.3% (n = 9712) were positive. Of these, 96.4% (n = 9363) and 3.6% (n = 349) were protozoan and helminthic infections, respectively. Males showed higher odds ratio (OR) for Enterobius vermicularis infection (OR: 2.3) and giardiasis (OR: 1.9) and lower OR for Endolimax nana (OR: 0.9) and Entamoeba coli (OR: 0.9) infections. Individuals aged ≥ 15 presented higher OR for Strongyloides stercoralis (OR: 3.4), hookworms (OR: 2.3), and almost all protozoan infections than younger individuals. In the dry season, the OR for hookworms (OR: 1.5), Iodamoeba butschlii (OR: 1.4), and Endolimax nana (OR: 1.3) infections was higher than that in the rainy season, including a high chance of polyparasitism (OR: 1.6). We concluded that there was a significant difference between the different types of intestinal parasites, particularly protozoa, with high OR in the dry season and for certain groups.

Diagnosis of intestinal protozoa in three species of Tigris river in Tikrit city and the extent of fishermen injury with Cryptosporidium

The current study was completedduring the period from September 2016 until the end ofAugust 2017, to investigate the intestinalprimitives infective of three species offishcaught from the waters ofthe TigrisRiverpassing through the city of Tikrit.Some 913 fish were surveyedthree types of fishtradedinthe local market of Tikrit (including 468 fishes of Cyprinus carpio, 238 fishes ofSliurustriostegus and 207 fishes of Planiliza abu).Andtodetermine the incidence andseverity of the infection of thesepredisposed primary animals. The intestines were examinedtodetectintestinalparasites, showinjury of some of these fish with 7 types of intestinal parasites. The parasites diagnosed included five types of primary animals (including one species of Kinetoplastida is Cryptobia iubilans one type of sporozoa was also recorded inCryptosporidium).

Parasitic contamination of some fresh and collected vegetables from Mosul City markets

The current study specifies the rate of spreading the parasites in fresh vegetables sold in shops located on the left and right sides of the city of Mosul. 600 samples were collected, 300 for each side left and right, with 15 samples of each Lettuce, Celery, Pepper, Tomatoes, Onions and Carrots. Results showed significant differences in the rates of contaminating variables with intestinal parasites at probability level (p&lt;0.05) on both sides, where it was noticed that the percentage of contamination on the right side (39%) was higher than the one on the left side(26%). The results also showed that fresh vegetables are contaminated with three types of intestinal parasites: Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia Lamblia, Entamoeba coli, and four types of intestinal worms as follows: Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichura, Hymenolypis nana, Enterobius Vermiculoris. The highest contamination percentage with intestinal protozoa was found with Entamoeba histolytica parasite (67%) on the left side. On the right side, the percentage of contamination was Entamoeba histolytica (50%) in each of the tomato plants and coriander., and the highest percentage of contamination with intestinal worms was by Ascaris lumbricoides worm on the left side (40%) and in the right side (29%). Also shown from the results, the percentage of single contamination in the fresh vegetables was higher than the double and triple contamination. The single contamination was found with a percentage of (82-95%) on both sides, respectively and also noticed in the current study, the leafy vegetables (lettuce and celery) and Tomato, which are the most vegetables contaminated with parasites in both sides in comparison with the rest types of vegetables. Keywords Contamination; intestinal parasites, vegetables; left and right sides

Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Intellectually Disabled Individuals in Bandar Abbas County, Southern Iran.

Intellectually disabled individuals are more prone to parasitic infections due to their unusual behaviors, immune and nutrient deficiencies, and living conditions. The current study is aimed at evaluating the prevalence of intestinal parasites in institutionalized intellectually disabled individuals in Bandar Abbas County in the south of Iran. Subjects of the study were 119 individuals, living in an intellectually disabled individual care center. Demographic features of the subjects including age, sex, intellectual disability type, and duration of their stay in the center were recorded. A stool sample was taken from each subject and evaluated by direct wet mount and formalin-ethyl-acetate concentration methods. Samples were also examined, using trichrome and modified acid-fast permanent staining. The mean age of the subjects was 27.6 (±2.24), ranging from 4 to 60 years old. Of the 119 participants, 55 (46.2%) were male, and 64 cases (53.8%) were female. Overall, 31 individuals (26.1%, 95% CI: 18.4-34.9) were found to be infected with at least one type of intestinal parasite. Blastocystis hominis, as the most common detected parasite, was detected in 13 (10.1%), Entamoeba coli in 12 (10.1%), Giardia lamblia in 5 (4.2%), Cryptosporidium in 2 (1.7%), Iodamoeba butchlii in 2 (1.7%), and Endolimax nana in 1 (0.8%) of participants. Three cases had coinfection with Blastocystis hominis and Entamoeba coli, one case was infected with Blastocystis hominis and Giardia lamblia, and one case was coinfected with Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba coli. There were no statistically significant associations between intestinal parasitic infection and gender, age, type of intellectual disability, or duration of stay in the care center (P > 0.05). The findings of the present study indicate a relatively high prevalence of parasitic infections in people with intellectual disabilities in Bandar Abbas, southern Iran. Noteworthy is the high prevalence of Blastocyst and also the presence of Cryptosporidium infection in these people. Periodic treatment of these people and improvement of their maintenance conditions can be considered for the prevention and control of intestinal parasitic infection in these people.

A supervised U-Net based color image semantic segmentation for detection & classification of human intestinal parasites

Intestinal parasites are among the main public health problems around the world especially in underprivileged communities where overcrowded, poor environmental sanitation and lack of access for clear and safe water are prevalent. Currently, approximately 4 billion people are infected by intestinal parasites worldwide. Diseases caused by such infections can induce physical and mental disorders, and even death to children and immunodeficient individuals. Microscopy remains the gold standard in the diagnosis of human intestinal parasites. However, that manual approach requiring well-trained and experienced parasitologists is time consuming, tedious and subjective. To cope with this, machine learning tools are increasingly used to assist the medical profession in the diagnosis of intestinal parasites. Deep learning models are currently the best machine learning tools. In our work, we built a data set of 320 microscopic color images in which we detect 4 types of intestinal parasites: Ascaris Lumbricoides, Schistosoma mansoni, Trichuris Trichiura and Oxyure (or Enterobius vermicularis). Inspired by the structure of the U-Net, a deep learning model is developed for segmentation of the 4 types of intestinal parasites from the background (including fecal impurities) of the image. The proposed model has proven to be robust to underfiting and overfiting. The results show an overall detection performance of 99.8% accuracy.

Parasitic Contamination of Common Vegetables Sold in Lusaka, Zambia

Background: Consumption of raw or unhygienically prepared vegetables is a potential source of parasitic infection. This study aimed to establish the prevalence and types of intestinal parasites on the freshly sold vegetables at the market. Methods: Totally, 95 vegetable samples were randomly procured from vendors at Lusaka City market (Zambia). The samples were examined for parasitic contamination using floatation and sedimentation methods. Data were analyzed using Epi Info version 7.2.4.0. Results: The overall parasitic contamination of fresh vegetables was 35.8% (34 out of 95). The highest parasitic contamination rate was found in Chinese cabbage with 7.4% (7 out of 95), followed by rape with 6.3% (6 out of 95), chilli with 5.3% (5 out of 95), pigweed with 5.3% (5 out of 95), pumpkin leaves with 5.3% (5 out of 95), tomatoes with 4.2% (4 out of 95), and cabbage with 2.1% (2 out of 95). There was a significant (p=0.001) statistically difference between the type of vegetables and the presence of the parasites. The identified helminths had different prevalence rates, including Taenia spp. with 9.5%, Trichuris trichuria with 5.3%, Ascaris lumbricoides with 3.2%, Clonorchis sinensis with 2.1%, Diphyllobothrium latum with 2.1%, Paragonimus westermani with 2.1%, and Strongyloides stercoralis with 2.1%. Also, Giardia lamblia with 24.2% and Balantidium coli with 4.2% were the protozoan parasites identified. Conclusion: This study showed that some vegetables sold at the Lusaka City market (Zambia) were a potential source of parasitic infections for local consumers. G. lamblia was the most prevalent parasite found in the vegetable samples.

Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites among Patients Attending Zella Central Laboratory, Zella City, Libya

Intestinal parasites have become one of the most important health problems for public health experts and decision-makers in many countries. In Zella city, the prevalence of intestinal parasites was not studied before, therefore, the current study was conducted to identify the intestinal parasites in Zella city. The data in this study was collected from the records of the central laboratory in Zella city over the period of time, from the beginning of 2015, till the end of 2019. A 839 samples were examined, and 728 samples were infected with parasites, which represent 87%. The results of the study revealed the presence of four types of intestinal parasites with different proportions as follows: Entamoeba histolytica by 65%, Ascaris lumbricoides by 24%, and Entamoeba coli by 10%, and Giardia lamblia by 0.7%. The results of the study also indicate that the infection rate of males and females were very close, 86% and 87%, respectively. The results of the current study also indicate that the single type infection pattern was the most common compared to the mixed parasite infection, 95%, and 5%, respectively. The study also shows that the percentage of intestinal parasites infection was higher during the autumn and spring seasons. Despite the increase in cultural and social awareness and the improvement of the living conditions of many families, the rate of intestinal parasites infection is still high, which requires more investigations.

Investigating the Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites in Immunocompromised Patients in Bushehr Province, Southwest Iran: A Conventional and Molecular Study

The aim of this study was to determine the status of intestinal parasitic infections in immunocompromised patients in Bushehr province, southwest Iran by conventional and molecular methods. A total of 201 stool samples were collected from kidney transplant recipients, AIDS patients and patients under chemotherapy. Samples were collected from healthy people as the control group. The specimens were tested using various conventional methods. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing was performed on samples identified as positive for Coccidia by direct microscopic examination. Approximately 32.45% were infected with at least one type of intestinal parasite. The highest (46.8%) and lowest rates of infection (24%) were observed in AIDS and chemotherapy patients, respectively, while the infection rate of the control group was 16%. Isospora spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. were observed in all patient groups, and Sarcocystis spp. sporocysts were detected in one of the transplant recipients. All identified coccidia were confirmed by PCR. There was a significant relationship between the rate of intestinal parasite infection and certain variables. Given the potential risk of certain intestinal parasites in people with immune deficiency, it is recommended that diagnosis of parasitic infections in such patients be based on specific parasitological methods. Thus, it is advisable that physicians refer them to a parasitology laboratory prior to drug administration.

Prevalence of intestinal parasite infections and associated risk factors among patients of Jimma health center requested for stool examination, Jimma, Ethiopia.

BackgroundIntestinal parasitic infections are still a serious public health problem in poor and developing countries like Ethiopia. Local epidemiological data is crucial to design and monitor prevention and control strategies. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasite infections and associated risk factors among patients requested for stool examination at Jimma health center, Southwest, Ethiopia.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among a total of 384 patients in Jimma health center, Southwest, Ethiopia. Stool samples were collected and examined using direct wet-mount and formal-ether concentration techniques. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square (X2) test and SPPS Version 24 and P Value<0.05 was considered for statistically significance.ResultsThe overall prevalence of intestinal parasite infections was found to be 79(20.6%). The infection rate was slightly higher in females 261(68%) than in males 123(32%). Eight types of intestinal parasites were identified and the highest prevalence was Giardia lamblia 25(6.5%) followed by A. lumbricoides 22(5.7%). Single parasitic infection was found among 67(17.4%) of the patients and double infection was 12(3.1%). Shoe wearing habits, Status of fingernail, Handwashing before a meal and after defecation, Source of water for bathing and drinking were significant factors(p<0.05) for intestinal parasitic infection.ConclusionA relatively low prevalence of intestinal parasite infections was observed among patients of Jimma health center requested for the stool examination.

Spatio-temporal analysis and determination of the ecological niche model of Giardia Lamblia (Lambl, 1859) in Ardabil province, northwestern Iran.

Intestinal parasites have a serious health problem and frequently infect children in poor urban areas in developing countries. Some types of Cryptosporidium, Entamoeba and Giardia are amongst the most prevalent ones. The aim of this study was explore the distribution pattern of intestinal parasites and the ecological niche of Giardia lamblia in Ardabil Province. This was retrospective cross-sectional study, the officially registered statistics of health centers and hospitals in Ardabil University of Medical Sciences from January 2017 to December 2019 were used. The Kriging interpolation analysis was run to detect the high-risk areas of the disease in the province (P < 0.05) by ArcGIS10.4.1 and to construct the ecological niche model of the G.lamblia parasite, analyzed by Maxent3.3 software. Totally of 238 cases of intestinal parasite were reported during the study period, 77.7% of which were males and 22.3% females. Seven types of intestinal parasites were prevalent with G.lamblia species (79.4%) being the most and Entamoeba histolytica species (4%) the least prevalent one. There was one hotspot in the province in the center with an incidence risk of 41-45.5%. The most important climate and environmental factors affecting the ecological niche of G.lamblia are Bio16, Bio3, and the NDVI. G.lamblia is the most prevalent intestinal parasite in Ardabil Province; moreover, one important hotspots was also detected in the province that can provide useful information regarding the management and control of this parasite.

The Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Native Dogs in Palestine.

Background:Dogs play an important role in transmission of parasites and zoonotic diseases, especially in developing countries. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of internal parasites in stray and pet dogs in Palestine.Methods:Fecal samples were collected during the period between Jan to May 2019. A total of 150 fecal samples were collected and tested for parasites using sedimentation and flotation techniques. The targeted dogs were both pet dogs and stray dogs and were grouped according to gender and age.Results:Although there was no significant difference in infestation between males and females, the prevalence rate of infestation in males was 63.1% compared to females 72.4%. Dogs of ages under one year had similar rate of infestation compared to older dogs with a rate of 67.3% and 67.4% respectively. Infestations were significantly higher (P<0.05) in stray dogs 81.4% compared to pet dogs 48.4%. The highest infestation rate was with Toxocara canis 46.0% followed by Dipylidium caninum 23.0%, Echinococcus spp. 14.0% ,Isosopora canis 9.0%, Ancylostoma caninum 8.0%, Giarda spp. 5.0%, Strongyloides spp. 4.0%, Trichuris vulpis 3.0%, and Cryptosporidium spp. 3.0%.Conclusion:Local dogs in Palestine, especially stray dogs, are infested with different types of intestinal parasites that may cause many common and non-common diseases to humans. To prevent the spread of these parasites, future public health should be proposed and applied by authorities to achieve a healthy status of the residents in the country. Health awareness spread among people about the seriousness of the diseases transmitted by dogs must also be activated.

High rate of intestinal parasites among a closed community of Zay populations residing on three islands of Lake Ziway, Ethiopia.

BackgroundSeveral factors including socio-economic and access to health facility influence burden of intestinal parasites. Epidemiological data from hard to reach areas will help to identify high-risk communities for targeted intervention. We, therefore, assessed the magnitude of intestinal parasites among Zay people residing in three islands of Lake Ziway in Ethiopia.MethodsThis cross-sectional survey was conducted in March 2013 on 444 individuals aged 6 months to 85 years. Stool samples were analyzed using wet mount and formol-ether concentration methods. Data were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaire and analyzed using STATA version 10.ResultsAmong the study participants, 52% (321/444) were children under 15 years. While 72.8% were positive for at least one intestinal parasite, single, dual and triple infections were found in 42.1%, 23.9% and 6.3%, respectively. Four types of intestinal parasites were detected in two children. The commonest parasites were Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (51.4%), Schistosoma mansoni (17.8%), Giardia lamblia (14.4%), Trichuris trichiura (10.8%), Taenia species (5.6%), Hymenolopis nana (4.5%), Ascaris lumbricoides (4.1%), Entrobius vermicularis (0.9%), Hookworm (0.7%), and Strongyloides stercoralis (0.2%). Remarkable proportion of study participants (51.3%) had no latrine and >85% of the islanders use the lake water for drinking, cleaning or both. About 36% had no information about waterborne and related diseases, while 31% never heard about bilharziasis. Fishing and farming were the main source of income. In the multivariate model, being in the age group > 15 years (AOR = 0.49; 95%CI = 0.28–0.85) and not using lake water for drinking or washing (AOR = 0.52; 95%CI = 0.28–0.99) had protective effect, after adjusting for education, occupation and hand wash after latrine use.ConclusionThe observed high rate of intestinal parasites (72.8%) in these hard to reach Islanders of Lake Ziway, warrants targeted and sustainable intervention.

Distribution of Parasitic Helminths in the Small Intestine of the Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes).

The aim of the study was to analyze the distribution of the main groups of parasitic helminths within the small intestine of the red fox on the example of animals coming from eastern Poland. Two hundred and sixteen red foxes shot in eastern Poland were used in the investigation. Before examination, each small intestine was divided into three equal parts: anterior (A), middle (M), and posterior (P). Each part was examined separately with the sedimentation and counting technique. Six different types of intestinal parasites were detected: Alaria alata (78.7%), Mesocestoides spp. (78.2%), hookworms (72.7%), Taenia spp. (53.2%), Toxocara/Toxascaris (43.1%), and Echinococcus multilocularis (18.5%). Alaria alata was most often found in A and in the only-A variant. Taenia spp. and Toxocara/Toxascaris occurred often in A and were the second (after A. alata) parasites in terms of frequency occurring in the only-A variant. Mesocestoides spp. was most commonly located in M. Parasites with predilection sites located mainly in M and P were E. multilocularis and hookworms. In all parasite species, the variant covering the entire intestine (A + M + P) was found in samples with a higher intensity compared to variants limited to one or two fragments. Our investigation, as one of the few of its type, conducted a comprehensive analysis of the distribution of intestinal helminths in the small intestine of the red fox. It showed significant differences in the distribution of parasitic helminths in the small intestine of the red fox. Determining typical predilection sites for parasites in the intestine can be helpful in creating effective diagnostic methods.