Types Of Industrial Equipment Research Articles

Problems of the Russian Market of Industrial Equipment under the Conditions of Foreign Trade Sanctions

The fifth package of anti-Russian sanctions, introduced in 2022 in connection with the events in Ukraine, includes most types of industrial equipment, which makes their import into Russia very difficult or impossible. Under these conditions, an acute shortage of technological equipment has formed. According to experts, the need for industrial equipment is not satisfied by at least 25 % of representatives of the manufacturing sector. This article examines the impact of foreign trade sanctions on the Russian market of industrial equipment. In today’s global economic instability and political tensions, Russia is facing restrictions and complications in foreign trade, which significantly affects the industrial sector of the country. The article reflects the classification of industrial equipment. Based on the analysis of empirical data, a quantitative and qualitative characteristic of the Russian market of industrial equipment is given, and the volumes of imports of the goods in question into the territory of the Russian Federation are estimated. The study reflects and systematizes the problems faced by manufacturers and consumers of industrial equipment in Russia under the influence of foreign trade sanctions. In particular, technological limitations, reduced availability of imported components, as well as worsening conditions for exporting products are considered. In addition, the impact of these problems on the overall economic situation and on the competitiveness of Russian enterprises in the world market is reflected. The article talks about the need to take appropriate measures on the part of the state and industrial companies to support the domestic production of industrial equipment and increase its competitiveness.

A Fault Warning Approach Using an Enhanced Sand Cat Swarm Optimization Algorithm and a Generalized Neural Network

With the continuous development and complexity of industrial systems, various types of industrial equipment and systems face increasing risks of failure during operation. Important to these systems is fault warning technology, which can timely detect anomalies before failures and take corresponding preventive measures, thereby reducing production interruptions and maintenance costs, improving production efficiency, and enhancing equipment reliability. Machine learning techniques have proven highly effective for fault detection in modern production processes. Among numerous machine learning algorithms, the generalized neural network stands out due to its simplicity, effectiveness, and applicability to various fault warning scenarios. However, the increasing complexity of systems and equipment presents significant challenges to the generalized neural network. In real-world scenarios, it suffers from drawbacks such as difficulties in determining parameters and getting trapped in local optima, which affect its ability to meet the requirements of high efficiency and accuracy. To overcome these issues, this paper proposes a fault warning method based on an enhanced sand cat swarm optimization algorithm combined with a generalized neural network. First, we develop an enhanced sand cat swarm optimization algorithm that incorporates an improved chaotic mapping initialization strategy, as well as Cauchy mutation and reverse elite strategies based on adaptive selection. Subsequently, we utilize this algorithm to optimize the generalized neural network and determine its optimal parameters, effectively improving the accuracy and reliability of system fault warnings. The proposed method is validated using actual industrial system data, specifically for generator fault warning, and is demonstrated to outperform other advanced fault warning techniques. This research provides valuable insights and promising directions for enhancing industrial fault warning capabilities.

Constructal design of double-layer asymmetric flower baffles

Shell and tube heat exchangers are one type of industrial equipment used widely, which have significant impacts on energy conservation and emission reduction. Developing and optimizing new baffles is an important way to improve the thermal-hydraulic performance of exchangers. This paper proposed a new double-layer asymmetric flower baffle, and the effects of the dislocation angle and asymmetric volume ratio of the baffles on the thermal-hydraulic performance of exchangers were investigated according to constructal design and by using the three-dimensional numerical simulation, i.e. in the case of the same fixed volume of baffles, compared with segmental baffles. The results show that compared with segmental baffles, the double-layer asymmetric flower baffles significantly improved the comprehensive thermal-hydraulic performance, i.e. heat transfer rate was reduced to 92% on average while the pressure drop was controlled at about 45%, therefore, the efficiency evaluation coefficient achieved an average improvement of 106%. The smaller the dislocation angle and asymmetric volume ratio, the larger the efficiency evaluation coefficient, the smallest dislocation angle and asymmetric volume ratio increased the efficiency evaluation coefficient by 72% and 22%, respectively, compared to their maximums. The new baffles and constructal design method proposed herein can provide theoretical guidance for improving the comprehensive thermal-hydraulic performance of shell and tube heat exchangers.

Intelligent Fault Identification for Rolling Element Bearings in Impulsive Noise Environments Based on Cyclic Correntropy Spectra and LSSVM

Rolling element bearings are important components in various types of industrial equipment. It is necessary to develop advanced fault diagnosis techniques to prevent unexpected accidents caused by bearing failures. However, impulsive background noise in industrial fields also presents a similar fault-excited characteristic, which brings interference to the fault diagnosis of rolling element bearings. Focusing on this issue, this paper proposes a new feature extraction method based on the cyclic correntropy spectrum (CCES) for intelligent fault identification.. In this study, the cyclic correntropy (CCE) function is introduced to suppress the impulsive noise. A simplified frequency spectrum named CCES is obtained for the feature extraction. Then, narrowband kurtosis vectors are extracted from the CCES. Finally, these extracted features are used to train the least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) for the fault pattern identification. Analyses of two bearing datasets, including train axle bearing data that are contaminated by impulsive noise are used as case studies for the validation of the proposed method. To illustrate the advancement of the new method, performance comparisons with two recently developed methods are conducted. The experimental results verify that the proposed method not only outperforms these two methods but also exhibits a stable self-adaptation ability.

Gearbox fault diagnosis via generalized velocity synchronous Fourier transform and order analysis

Gearboxes have essential roles in many types of industrial equipment. Fault detection for gearboxes is important yet extremely difficult because volatile working conditions lead to nonstationary vibration signals. Order tracking is a classic and effective technique for nonstationary vibration analysis and fault diagnosis of rotating machinery. Many order tracking methods that do not require a tachometer have been proposed, such as methods based on re-sampling. However, most are complex and often introduce interpolation errors. To avoid such difficulties, a simple yet effective method is proposed in this paper. This method employs the generalized demodulation approach to extract a component with a frequency proportional to the instantaneous shaft rotational frequency from the vibration signal. Then, demodulating the extracted component recovers the instantaneous shaft rotational phase. With such information the order spectrum can be directly obtained via a velocity synchronous discrete Fourier transform. Finally, the fault can be diagnosed by order spectrum analysis. The effectiveness of this method is validated with both simulated and lab experimental vibration signals of a gearbox under time-varying rotational speed conditions.

Against the wind – new factories of Russian manufacturing subsidiaries of Western multinational corporations

Using a series of interviews with the heads of Russian subsidiaries of Western multinational corporations and a unique database registering the openings of their new manufacturing plants in Russia during 2014–2015, we trace the changing demography, geography, and economics of foreign direct investments in industrial assets in Russia. We demonstrate that foreign companies in general were capable of overcoming the adverse economic conditions of 2015 and were able to complete their projects of installation of new factories that were launched in 2012–2013. More importantly, economic sanctions caused accelerated completion of previously started industrial works. Such new and upgraded factories not only target current opportunities and market niches in consumer markets but also aim at exploring possibilities in core industrial markets, including mining equipment, transportation equipment, and other types of industrial equipment. We also highlight the emergence of a new type of industrial project known as “fenced field projects,” which are new manufacturing facilities within the existing industrial sites of successful Russian firms. This new type is particularly attractive for companies in the machine-building and chemical industries. Fenced field projects can be either wholly owned subsidiaries or joint ventures, but the main feature of such projects is the active use of the developed physical and business infrastructure of the “hosting” Russian company. We demonstrate not only the changes in the geographic distribution of foreign direct investments in Russia but also the impact on medium-sized industrial towns (200,000–400,000 inhabitants), the most frequent location for industrial projects by foreign multinationals.

Numerical study of the performance of a church window tube bundle condenser

Two steam surface condenser design methods are compared: that of the Heat Exchange Institute Standards and a three-dimensional steady-state numerical model for simulating the flow, the heat and the mass transfer in this type of industrial equipment. In the numerical model, the study of the shell flow is carried out using a single-phase approach, the presence of the tubes is simulated through the porosity factor, and the heat and mass transfer processes are modelled using empirical correlations. The variables condenser pressure and overall heat transfer coefficient are analysed applying both methods. The influence on these variables of the steam mass flow rate from the turbine exhaust, the venting outlet pressure, the tube cleanliness factor, the inlet water temperature, and the water velocity is studied. The overall heat transfer coefficient is under-predicted with the numerical model, its value being 4.5–8.5% lower than that obtained using the Heat Exchange Institute Standards method.

Reclaimer Control: Kinematic Analysis, Modeling, Identification, and a Robust Smith Predictor

The reclaimer is a type of industrial equipment that excavates and transports the raw materials like coal and iron ore in the raw yard of a steel company. In this paper, as a part of reclaimer automation, an inverse kinematics problem and a robust time delay control are investigated. Analyzing a job task in the field, a closed-form solution of the inverse kinematics problem is provided. A nominal plant model, for the purpose of control system design, with unknown parameters is introduced. The unknown parameters in the nominal model are estimated with a recursive least squares estimation method. One obstacle in obtaining a good control performance is a large output delay due to the non-collocation of an actuator and a sensor. In this paper, in the presence of both structured and unstructured uncertainties in the nominal model and with large time delay, a robust Smith predictor is designed. A robust stability criterion with an uncertainty is derived, and a procedure of quantifying the uncertainty bound that is allowed in the nominal model of the reclaimer is described. Experimental and simulation results are provided.

Voltage sags in industrial systems

The cause of voltage sags in industrial plants, their impacts on equipment operation, and possible solutions are described. The definition proposed focuses on system faults as the major cause of voltage sags. The sensitivity of different types of industrial equipment, including adjustable speed drive controls, programmable logic controllers, and motor contactors is analyzed. Available methods of power conditioning for this sensitive equipment are also described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Chapter 23 - The Expanding Decommissioning Focus: A Comparison of Coal and Nuclear Costs

Are nuclear power plants the only industrial facilities that deserve decommissioning attention? Absent the radiation hazards of nuclear facilities, does it matter if other types of industrial equipment are decommissioned? If they are decommissioned, is the cost and effort large enough to really worry about? Daniel Williams examines these and other questions; by comparing the costs of decommissioning at comparable coal and nuclear power plants. Williams argues that the nuclear industry is setting the standard among industries in planning and preparing for decommissioning, and that the nuclear experience provides information that can be applied to the decommissioning of all types of facilities.

Performance of a multigrid calculation procedure in three‐dimensional sudden expansion flows

AbstractThe performance of a recently developed calculation procedure for steady incompressible flows is assessed in a variety of three‐dimensional sudden expansion type flows representative of those encountered in several types of industrial equipment. The calculation procedure, called here BLIMM (for block‐implicit multigrid method), is based on a coupled solution of the three‐dimensional momentum and continuity equations in primitive variables, using the multigrid technique. Different Reynolds numbers and finite difference grids are considered for each flow situation. The rates of convergence and the computational times are reported for each case.

ALLOY 815

Abstract ALLOY 815 is a general-purpose iron-chromium-aluminum alloy for moderately high-temperature applications up to 2150 F. It was developed especially to provide greater ductility and hot strength than was previously available in other low-cost alloys of similar composition. It is used in a wide variety of small appliances and various types of industrial equipment. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, and tensile properties as well as creep. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SS-343. Producer or source: Hoskins Manufacturing Company.