Types Of Heating Elements Research Articles

Fabrication and thermal assessment of three-layer woven heating fabrics

Due to the particular physiological conditions of the human body, activity in cold weather condition is of great importance and needs unique thermal clothing. In this research, three-layered heating fabrics were designed and woven to analyze their performance in cold climates. The samples consist of three types of heating elements (nickel-chrome, tungsten, and aluminum-chrome) and two different states for embedding the heating elements in the fabric structure. In order to investigate the effect of voltage on the heat flux and maximum temperature, all specimens were subjected to two voltage levels of 9 and 12 V for 10 min, the process of heat production, the influence of structural factors on the flux and temperature and also the thermal efficiency was analyzed. In addition, in order to select the optimum sample, the amount of required energy for maintaining body comfort was calculated based on the theoretical equations at the ambient temperatures of −5 and −10°C. The results showed that the woven sample using tungsten elements and the weft-to-element ratio of 12 had the desirable heating performance and could maintain the skin surface temperature around the thermal comfort zone.

Improving the mechanical performance of resistance-welded green composite joints using different heating elements

This study investigates the tensile and compressive failure behavior of a single-lap joint of green composites obtained by resistance welding. The green composites composed of poly (lactic)acid (PLA) and bamboo fiber were fabricated in a hot compression by the film-stacking method. The different heating elements namely polypyrrole (conductive polymer), carbon fiber (CF) fabric, and stainless steel (SS) mesh were used to perform the resistance welding of nonconductive green composites. The heating time (30, 60, and 90 s) and the percentage of overlapping area covered by the heating element (35, 65, and 100%) were the other two welding parameters considered for experimental investigation. The effect of welding parameters on tensile and compressive failure loads was experimentally investigated through a full-factorial experimental design. The load vs. displacement and failure behavior of the welded specimen under different conditions was extensively investigated. The statistical analysis of the experimental data was performed to find the relative significance of the welding parameters. The type of heating element was found to be the most significant parameter as it has maximum statistical contribution in both tensile and compressive failure loads. The tensile and compressive failure loads were improved by 31% and 63% when CF fabric was used as a heating element as compared to the SS mesh heating element. Similarly, failure loads obtained by using CF fabric were improved by 187% (tensile) and 323% (compressive) when compared one-on-one with polypyrrole heating element.

Localized Electrical Heating System for Various Types of Buildings

The article presents an overview of the factors determining the establishment of zones with high temperature in industrial, public and administrative buildings. The authors state the task on the improvement of the electric energy use efficiency and cost savings associated with the heating of these buildings by infrared electric heater devices.Materials and methods: The experiments were conducted in a room with the sizes of 3x6 m2 with a ceiling height of 3 m, the concrete floor was covered with laminate, in which increments of 250 mm were drilled and installed the thermocouple. In the process, had used the patented heating element with distributed heating layer. Signals from the thermocouples were recorded by instruments of the firm “ARIES” brand TPM138 with the standard software delivered together with devices (Owen Process Manager). The obtained distributions of the temperature fields were imported into MS Excel. Control voltage, current consumption, power was carried out by the device of firm “ARIES” brand of IMS.The results of the study: the article defines the purpose of the study and carried out the characterization of infrared heaters with various types of heating elements. The authors detail the main parameters of different types of infrared heaters, evaluated its possibility for application in other areas where the need to create areas of increased temperature.Discussion and conclusion: the result of this work it was determined that heating appliances that use patented heating element with distributed heating layer, improve thermal performance and bring you maximum comfort at a much greater distance compared to existing similar devices

A portable electromagnetic induction heating device for point-of-care diagnostics

This paper introduces a portable magnetic field generator for producing wireless induction heating, which has recently been introduced as one of the major thermal techniques in the point-of-care (POC) diagnostic method. To produce induction heating of thin metal structures in a microcentrifuge tube at any time and place, a portable magnetic field generating device was designed and fabricated using the fullbridge FET drive circuit based on a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) and pulse width modulation (PWM). A frequency of 312 kHz was set for effectively heating the micro-scale element, and a high-frequency magnetic field was produced by using a low-power device based on the full-bridge series resonance. Induction heating of two types of heating elements in a microcentrifuge tube was conducted using the new device, and thermal characteristics of induction heating were observed. The device induced eddy currents in both twisted and straight copper elements in the microtube; heating rates were approximately 6.5 J/sec and 3.8 J/sec, respectively. Output voltage of 160 W and magnetic intensity of 80.3 μT were generated by the working coil. This portable magnetic field generator weighs 450 g without a battery and consumes 3600 mAh of power. 70% of Salmonella cells in a concentration of 107 cells/mL was lysed for 15 sec of induction heating with a portable device. The authors conclude that a portable, low-power magnetic field generator can effectively induce heat in a micro-scale heating element, which provides simple and rapid thermal treatment at any time and place.

Development of Dual Heater Technology for On Demand Fixing System

Canon has developed a dual heater technology for controlling the temperature rise at non-paper regions for the on-demand fixing (ODF) system and has applied the technology to numerous laser-beam printer models. For the fuser heater, this technology uses a dual heater with two types of heating elements that differ in their lengthwise heat distribution. Further, the power applied to each of the two types of heating elements is varied according to the width of the paper to be printed on in order to control the heater's lengthwise heat distribution and thereby suppress the temperature rise at non-paper regions. In this study, the effect of the dual heater technology in suppressing the temperature rise at non-paper regions was estimated through comparison with the conventional ODF heater by using three dimensional heat transfer simulation. The temperature rise at non-paper regions in a prototype dual heater was found to be a close match to the estimation obtained through simulation, showing that the prototype operated as expected.

Construction of fast‐response heating elements for injection molding applications

AbstractA new type of heating element was developed capable of changing the mold surface temperature by about 70 K in 0.2 s, thus enabling reduction of frozen‐in orientation and stresses in injection molded products without undue increase in cycle time. The heater, which consists of two insulation layers with a resistance layer in between, is discussed in this paper. The thickness of this insulation layer proves to be the most important design parameter. Too thick an insulation layer increases the cooling time too much, whereas with a thin layer the surface temperatures will stay too low. Temperature measurements at the heater surface and in the mold wall are reported and demonstrate the extreme fast response characteristics.