Types Of Granulomatous Disease Research Articles

Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kejadian Kusta Pasca Kemoprofilaksis (Studi pada Kontak Penderita Kusta di Kabupaten Sampang)

Background : Leprosy (Morbus Hansen) is a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae. This disease is a type of granulomatous disease in the peripheral nerves and mucosa of the upper respiratory tract; and skin lesions are signs that can be observed from the outside. If left untreated, leprosy can be very progressive, causing damage to the skin, nerves, limbs, and eyes.Methods : This research used case control study design 248 subjects selected by simple random sampling. The variables studied were age, sex, education level, occupation, BCG vaccination status, nutritional status, open wound history, chemoprophylaxis drug adherence, family economic condition, personal hygiene and home conditions. Data were analyzed using chi square test for bivariate test and multiple logistic regression.Results : Duration of contact with patient (p=0,050; OR=1,88; 95%CI=1,000-3,534), BCG vaccination status (p=0,014; OR=2,12; 95% CI=1,161-3,881), nutritional status less (p=0,000; OR=6.01; 95%CI=3,188-11,331), open wound (p=0,002; OR=0,37; 95%CI=0,200-0,699), economic condition of low income family (p=0,000; OR=3.07; 95% CI=1,653-5,715). poor personal hygiene (p= 0.001; OR= 2.99; 95% CI= 1.583-5.569).Conclusion : Factors that have been proven to have an effect on the incidence of leprosy after chemoprophylaxis are low education level, ≥1 year contact duration, poor nutritional status, poor family income economic condition and poor personal hygiene. Factors ≥1 year contact duration, no grated BCG vaccination status, poor nutritional status, history of open wounds, poor family income economic condition and poor personal hygiene have probability of incidence leprosy were 90%.

Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kejadian Kusta Pasca Kemoprofilaksis (Studi pada Kontak Penderita Kusta di Kabupaten Sampang)

Background : Leprosy (Morbus Hansen) is a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae. This disease is a type of granulomatous disease in the peripheral nerves and mucosa of the upper respiratory tract; and skin lesions are signs that can be observed from the outside. If left untreated, leprosy can be very progressive, causing damage to the skin, nerves, limbs, and eyes.Methods : This research used case control study design 248 subjects selected by simple random sampling. The variables studied were age, sex, education level, occupation, BCG vaccination status, nutritional status, open wound history, chemoprophylaxis drug adherence, family economic condition, personal hygiene and home conditions. Data were analyzed using chi square test for bivariate test and multiple logistic regression.Results : Duration of contact with patient (p=0,050; OR=1,88; 95%CI=1,000-3,534), BCG vaccination status (p=0,014; OR=2,12; 95% CI=1,161-3,881), nutritional status less (p=0,000; OR=6.01; 95%CI=3,188-11,331), open wound (p=0,002; OR=0,37; 95%CI=0,200-0,699), economic condition of low income family (p=0,000; OR=3.07; 95% CI=1,653-5,715). poor personal hygiene (p= 0.001; OR= 2.99; 95% CI= 1.583-5.569).Conclusion : Factors that have been proven to have an effect on the incidence of leprosy after chemoprophylaxis are low education level, ≥1 year contact duration, poor nutritional status, poor family income economic condition and poor personal hygiene. Factors ≥1 year contact duration, no grated BCG vaccination status, poor nutritional status, history of open wounds, poor family income economic condition and poor personal hygiene have probability of incidence leprosy were 90%.

The BTNL2 G16071A gene polymorphism increases granulomatous disease susceptibility

Objective:The butyrophilin-like 2 (BTNL2) G16071A gene polymorphism has been implicated in the susceptibility to granulomatous diseases, but the results were inconclusive. The objective of the current study was to precisely explore the relationship between BTNL2 G16071A gene polymorphism and granulomatous disease susceptibility by the meta-analysis including false-positive report probability (FPRP) test.Methods:A systematic literature search in the PubMed, Embase, and Wanfang databases, China National Knowledge Internet, and commercial Internet search engines was conducted to identify studies published up to April 1, 2016. The odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to assess the effect size. Statistical analysis was conducted using the STATA 12.0 software and FPRP test sheet.Results:In total, all 4324 cases and 4386 controls from 14 eligible studies were included in the current meta-analysis. By the overall meta-analysis, we found a significant association between BTNL2 G16071A gene polymorphism and granulomatous disease susceptibility (A vs G: OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.07–1.45, P = 0.005). The meta-regression analyses showed that a large proportion of the between-study heterogeneity was significantly attributed to the ethnicity (A vs G, P = 0.013) and the types of granulomatous diseases (A vs G, P = 0.002). By the subgroup meta-analysis, the BTNL2 G16071A gene polymorphism was associated with granulomatous disease susceptibility in Caucasians (A vs G: OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.18–1.58, P < 0.001). Moreover, a significant relationship between the BTNL2 G16071A gene polymorphism and sarcoidosis susceptibility (A vs G: OR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.39–1.66, P < 0.001) was found. However, to avoid the “false-positive report,” we further investigated the significant associations observed in the present meta-analysis by the FPRP test. Interestingly, the results of FPRP test indicated that the BTNL2 G16071A gene polymorphism was truly associated with sarcoidosis susceptibility (A vs G, FPRP < 0.001). Additionally, the FPRP test confirmed that the BTNL2 G16071A gene polymorphism was associated only with granulomatous disease susceptibility among Caucasians (A vs G, FPRP < 0.001) at the level of a prior probability, which was 0.001.Conclusion:The meta-analysis indicated that BTNL2 G16071A gene polymorphism may as a likelihood factor contributed to granulomatous disease susceptibility, especially increasing the sarcoidosis susceptibility. In addition, the polymorphism may be greatly associated with likelihood of granulomatous diseases among Caucasians.

Over-expression of thymosin β4 in granulomatous lung tissue with active pulmonary tuberculosis

Recent studies have shown that thymosin β4 (Tβ4) stimulates angiogenesis by inducing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and stabilizing hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) protein. Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), a type of granulomatous disease, is accompanied by intense angiogenesis and VEGF levels have been reported to be elevated in serum or tissue inflamed by pulmonary tuberculosis. We investigated the expression of Tβ4 in granulomatous lung tissues at various stages of active pulmonary tuberculosis, and we also examined the expression patterns of VEGF and HIF-1α to compare their Tβ4 expression patterns in patients' tissues and in the tissue microarray of TB patients. Tβ4 was highly expressed in both granulomas and surrounding lymphocytes in nascent granulomatous lung tissue, but was expressed only surrounding tissues of necrotic or caseous necrotic regions. The expression pattern of HIF-1α was similar to that of Tβ4. VEGF was expressed in both granulomas and blood vessels surrounding granulomas. The expression pattern of VEGF co-localized with CD31 (platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule, PECAM-1), a blood endothelial cell marker, and partially co-localized with Tβ4. However, the expression of Tβ4 did not co-localize with alveolar macrophages. Stained alveolar macrophages were present surrounding regions of granuloma highly expressing Tβ4. We also analyzed mRNA expression in the sputum of 10 normal and 19 pulmonary TB patients. Expression of Tβ4 was significantly higher in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis than in normal controls. These data suggest that Tβ4 is highly expressed in granulomatous lung tissue with active pulmonary TB and is associated with HIF-1α- and VEGF-mediated inflammation and angiogenesis. Furthermore, the expression of Tβ4 in the sputum of pulmonary tuberculosis patients can be used as a potential marker for diagnosis.

Expression of IL-27 in human Th1-associated granulomatous diseases.

Interleukin (IL)-27 is a newly described member of the IL-12 family. It is a heterodimeric cytokine composed of two subunits, p28 and Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3 (EBI3). In vitro studies have shown that IL-27 is mainly produced by activated monocytes and dendritic cells. It induces the proliferation of naïve CD4-positive T cells and synergizes with IL-12 for interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production. Knock-out mice for the IL-27 receptor (WSX-1/TCCR) have impaired Th1 responses and form abnormal granulomas when injected with bacillus Calmette-Guérin. However, the expression profile of IL-27 in vivo is currently unknown. To investigate the potential role of IL-27 in the development of a Th1 response in humans in vivo, this study has analysed the in situ expression of IL-27 subunits in three types of granulomatous disease (tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, and Crohn's disease), each characterized by a Th1 response. Tissue sections from patients with tuberculosis (n = 9), sarcoidosis (n = 8), or Crohn's disease (n = 7) were analysed by immunohistochemistry with anti-EBI3 and anti-p28 antibodies, in parallel with control tissues (control reactive lymph nodes, n = 14, and control intestinal tissues, n = 11). In granulomatous tissues, EBI3 and p28 co-expression was detected in epithelioid and multinucleate giant cells in granulomas. In addition, sinus or tissue macrophages, endothelial cells, and plasma cells were found to co-express EBI3 and p28. These data support a possible role for IL-27 in human Th1 responses.

Reacciones granulomatosas secundarias a herpes zóster

Abstract—Skin lesions that develop over the sites of resolved herpes zoster are infrequent and diverse. The most frequent ones are granuloma annulare and other types of granulomatous diseases, although others have been described, such as solid malignant tumors, leukemic or lymphomatous infiltrations, infections and comedonic reactions. We review four patients (2 women and 2 men) aged between 34 and 78 years (mean age 61) with granulomatous skin lesions that appeared at the sites of prior herpes zoster. In all of them, a skin biopsy was performed, and the epidemiological, clinical and anatomopathological characteristics were reviewed. The clinical lesions were highly variable, including erythematous papules, depressed scars, infiltrated maculopapular lesions and nodules. In all four cases, the presence of granulomatous infiltration made up of epithelioid-cell granulomas and multinuclear giant cells with no caseous necrosis was observed as a common histological finding. Three of the patients showed a lichenoid infiltrate. There were no signs of herpes infection in the histology.We would like to emphasize the variable clinical presentation of the skin lesions. In the histopathological findings, apart from the granulomatous infiltrate, three patients showed a lichenoid reaction rarely described in literature.

1,25(OH)2D2 production by T lymphocytes and alveolar macrophages recovered by lavage from normocalcemic patients with tuberculosis.

To compare extra-renal 1,25(OH)2D3 production in different types of granulomatous disease, and to identify the cell types responsible, we have evaluated the conversion of 25(OH)D3 in 1,25(OH)2D3 by uncultured cells recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage and blood mononuclear cells from normocalcemic patients with sarcoidosis and tuberculosis. 1,25(OH)2D3 was produced both by lavage cells (12/12 tuberculosis patients, 2/6 sarcoidosis patients) and blood mononuclear cells (3/5 tuberculosis patients, 0/3 sarcoidosis patients) from patients but not controls, but significantly greater amounts were produced by lavage cells from tuberculosis patients than those of sarcoidosis patients (P less than 0.001). 1,25(OH)2D3 production by lavage cells from tuberculosis patients correlated with the number of CD8+ T lymphocytes present but not other cell types. T lymphocytes appeared to be an important source of 1,25(OH)2D3 production, since purified T lymphocytes from all patients with tuberculosis produced 1,25(OH)2D3, and 1,25(OH)2D3 production by these cells correlated closely with that produced by unseparated lavage cells. Because 1,25(OH)2D3 can improve the capacity of macrophages to kill mycobacteria, our results support the conclusion that macrophage-lymphocyte interactions, mediated at least in part by 1,25(OH)2D3, may be an important component of a successful antituberculous immune response.