Type Genus Research Articles

First report of the genus Tettigonia Linnaeus (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Tettigoniinae) and record of Tettigonia caudata caudata (Charpentier, 1842) from India.

The genus Tettigonia Linnaeus (Tettigoniidae; Tettigoniinae) with the type species, Gryllus (Tettigonia) viridissima Linnaeus, 1758 belongs to the tribe Tettigoniini, which is represented by 15 genera and 27 species worldwide (Cigliano et al., 2017). According to the annotated checklist, the subfamily Tettigoniinae includes the only tribe Platycleidini Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1893 with 2 genera and 3 species as reported from India by Shishodia et al. (2010). In a review of Orthoptera from the Eastern Palearctic region, the genus Tettigonia Linnaeus was reported by Storozhenko (1994); additionally, some new species of Tettigonia have been described by Ogawa (2003), Greenwalt and Rust (2014), Chobanov et al. (2014), Sultan et al. (2015) and Storozhenko et al. (2015). The sub-family Tettigoniinae is represented by many species endemic to the Asian part of the Palearctic region. In 1971, Kaltenbach studied the Decticinae of the Palearctic, a subfamily now considered part of Tettigoniinae, comprising 65 genera with 407 species; later, Rentz and Colless (1990) estimated 500 species for Tettigoniinae. Further, Rentz (1985) clarified that these species do not occur in tropical rainforests, but are found in grassland and mixed heath habitats. The shape of pronotum, with a distinct angulated shoulder incision, with the clarities and locations of its transversal sulci, and its short, compressed and depressed structure happens to be a common character for the members of the tribe Tettigoniini. The type genus Tettigonia is long winged; however, considerable variability in the wing length has been reported. Nevertheless, the short tegmina reaching to the end of hind knee is a character often used to separate T. caudata and T. viridissima from T. cantans and T. hispina (Haz, 1969).

†Peltosynidae, a new beetle family from the Middle–Late Triassic of Kyrgyzstan: its affinities with Polyphaga (Insecta, Coleoptera) and the groundplan of this megadiverse suborder

Middle–Late Triassic fossil beetles previously assigned to Polyphaga incertae sedis and new material from this period are described and illustrated. †Peltosynidae fam. nov. is introduced to contain the type genus Peltosyne, and species P. triassica Ponomarenko, 1977, together with the new species P. varyvrosa sp. nov. Two new monospecific genera, Gnathopeltos gen. nov. and Ofthalmopeltos gen. nov., with type species G. dixis sp. nov. and O. synkritos sp. nov., are also included in †Peltosynidae. Morphological characters evaluated with respect to their phylogenetic significance confirm that the family belongs to the suborder Polyphaga, mainly supported by the apomorphic internalized propleura. †Peltosynidae is characterized by a large transverse head, long and prominent, strongly developed mandibles, a short prosternum with a narrow, relatively short prosternal process, an interlocking mechanism between this process and a groove of the anteromedian process of the mesoventrite, striated elytra, a short metakatepisternum, transverse coxae, and a short abdomen with five ventrites. The large and transverse head is a potential autapomorphy. †Peltosynidae do not fit into any of the seven extant major polyphagan infraorders (series). The presence of a mesothoracic transverse katepisternal ridge in †Peltosyne is a plesiomorphic feature distinguishing the new family from all other groups of the suborder and suggesting its placement in the stem-group of Polyphaga. The strongly prominent mandibles and the coarse body sculpture resemble features found in extant Archostemata. It is likely that the beetles were xylophagous and adapted to subcortical habitats, arguably maintaining plesiomorphies. The polyphagan groundplan is reconstructed based on recent phylogenies and features found in †Peltosynidae and other extinct and extant groups. A scenario for the evolution of non-archostematan beetles in the late Permian and early Mesozoic is presented.http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:58428459-33EF-4C1C-AD69-A066D3D33ADF

Contribution to the knowledge of the family Nemonychidae (Coleoptera) with descriptions of new taxa

<p>Two new tribes, the Zimmiellini Legalov, trib. n. (type genus: <em>Zimmiellus</em> Kuschel, 2011), which differs from the tribe Rhinorhynchini by the mandible exodontous, maxillary palpi barely extending forward beyond the prementum and position of rostrum base, and the Argentinomacerini Legalov, trib. n. (type genus: <em>Argentinomacer</em> Legalov, gen. n.) that differs from the tribe Rhynchitomacerini by having the pronotum narrowed before the basal fourth, antennae inserted subbasally and club 4-articled. Also erected is a new subtribe Bunyaeina Legalov, subtrib. n. (type genus: <em>Bunyaeus</em> Kuschel, 1994) that differs from the subtribe Mecomacerina by procoxae hemispherical, mesonotum with one coarsely ridged stridulatory file and forehead distinctly wider than apex of rostrum. Two new genera, <em>Nothofagomacer</em> Legalov, gen. n. (type species: <em>Rhynchitomacer</em> <em>apionoides</em> Kuschel, 1959) that differs from the genus <em>Rhynchitomacer</em> by the mandibular sockets not being visible in dorsal view, elytral striae regular, postmentum deeply emarginate and vaginal vestiture absent; and <em>Argentinomacer unicus</em> Legalov, gen. et sp. n. from Argentina, are described. A key to subfamilies, tribes, subtribes, genera and subgenera of Recent Nemonychidae with a list of species is provided. The distribution of some Palaearctic species is specified.</p>

Phylogenetic position of the rainbow sardine Dussumieria (Dussumieriidae) and its bearing on the early evolution of the Clupeoidei

The fish family Dussumieriidae (suborder Clupeoidei), commonly called round herrings, is traditionally considered to be a key taxon for understanding the evolution of the Clupeoidei because some of its morphological characteristics have been interpreted as being either derived or primitive, such as the nearly complete absence of abdominal scutes. Recent molecule-based studies showed that the Dussumieriidae is likely not a monophyletic group. None of those studies, however, included the genus Dussumieria (rainbow sardines) which is the type genus of the family Dussumieriidae. Herein, we investigated the phylogenetic position of Dussumieria within the Clupeoidei, using a dataset of complete mitogenomic sequences, including five newly determined using high-throughput sequencing technology. In the inferred phylogenetic reconstructions, the Dussumieriidae was never recovered as monophyletic, and Dussumieria was not exclusively related to any other of the three dussumieriid genera. Although the position of Dussumieria is not fully resolved, this genus represents a major evolutionary lineage within the Clupeoidei, along with the Engraulidae, Pristigasteridae, Clupeinae, Etrumeus, and two unnamed clades, one containing the Chirocentridae and Spratelloidinae and the other containing the Ehiravinae, Dorosomatinae, and Alosinae. Our results allow some comments regarding the early evolution of the Clupeoidei. In particular, they strongly support the hypothesis that the W-shaped pelvic scute does not represent a good phylogenetic character within the Clupeoidei as either it is primitive or, alternatively, it has independently evolved several times.

A replacement family-group name among fossil Neuroptera (Insecta)

The nomenclature of the enigmatic fossil family Rafaelidae is summarized and its status as a nomen invalidum requiring replacement is recognized, due to homonymy of its type genus, Rafaelia Nel et al. (nec Rafaelia Townsend). The replacement family-group name is made available as Rafaelianidae Engel & Nel, new name, based on the type genus Rafaeliana Nel et al., which is itself a former replacement for the junior Rafaelia.

A new asterocherid genus (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida) associated with Callyspongia Duchassaing & Michelotti and reassessment of six species of Asterocheres Boeck.

The family Asterocheridae Giesbrecht has several genera associated with sponges including Asterocheres Boeck, 1859. The type genus is commonly found in sponges but it is also recorded in echinoderms, bryozoans, and corals. A revision of the diagnosis of Asterocheres conducted in 2010 was the beginning of a reorganization process, culminating in the present status of 63 valid species. This study describes a new species and genus of the Asterocheridae. Neoasterocheres gen. nov. shares many characteristics with Asterocheres sensu stricto, except for the antennule segmentation which shows ancestral segments IX-XII fused to segment XIII. The new species of Neoasterocheres gen. nov. was found in association with the sponge Callyspongia sp. sampled at the Yatch Club Bay, located in Todos-os-Santos Bay, Salvador city, Bahia State, Brazil. A revision of the Asterocheres sensu stricto indicates that A. enewetakensis Humes, 1997, A. dysideae Humes, 1996b, A. humesi Varela, 2012, A. rotundus Malt, 1991, A. scutatus Stock, 1966, and A. serrulatus (Humes, 1996a) share this fusion and therefore should be transferred to the new genus. A redescription of Neoasterocheres serrulatus n. comb. is also provided, based on the examination of type specimens.

An integrative systematic framework helps to reconstruct skeletal evolution of glass sponges (Porifera, Hexactinellida)

BackgroundGlass sponges (Class Hexactinellida) are important components of deep-sea ecosystems and are of interest from geological and materials science perspectives. The reconstruction of their phylogeny with molecular data has only recently begun and shows a better agreement with morphology-based systematics than is typical for other sponge groups, likely because of a greater number of informative morphological characters. However, inconsistencies remain that have far-reaching implications for hypotheses about the evolution of their major skeletal construction types (body plans). Furthermore, less than half of all described extant genera have been sampled for molecular systematics, and several taxa important for understanding skeletal evolution are still missing. Increased taxon sampling for molecular phylogenetics of this group is therefore urgently needed. However, due to their remote habitat and often poorly preserved museum material, sequencing all 126 currently recognized extant genera will be difficult to achieve. Utilizing morphological data to incorporate unsequenced taxa into an integrative systematics framework therefore holds great promise, but it is unclear which methodological approach best suits this task.ResultsHere, we increase the taxon sampling of four previously established molecular markers (18S, 28S, and 16S ribosomal DNA, as well as cytochrome oxidase subunit I) by 12 genera, for the first time including representatives of the order Aulocalycoida and the type genus of Dactylocalycidae, taxa that are key to understanding hexactinellid body plan evolution. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that Aulocalycoida is diphyletic and provide further support for the paraphyly of order Hexactinosida; hence these orders are abolished from the Linnean classification. We further assembled morphological character matrices to integrate so far unsequenced genera into phylogenetic analyses in maximum parsimony (MP), maximum likelihood (ML), Bayesian, and morphology-based binning frameworks. We find that of these four approaches, total-evidence analysis using MP gave the most plausible results concerning congruence with existing phylogenetic and taxonomic hypotheses, whereas the other methods, especially ML and binning, performed more poorly. We use our total-evidence phylogeny of all extant glass sponge genera for ancestral state reconstruction of morphological characters in MP and ML frameworks, gaining new insights into the evolution of major hexactinellid body plans and other characters such as different spicule types.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates how a comprehensive, albeit in some parts provisional, phylogeny of a larger taxon can be achieved with an integrative approach utilizing molecular and morphological data, and how this can be used as a basis for understanding phenotypic evolution. The datasets and associated trees presented here are intended as a resource and starting point for future work on glass sponge evolution.

First description of the female Elimaea melanocantha (Walker, 1869) (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae) from India.

The genus Elimaea Stal, 1874 was established for the type species Phaneroptera subcarinata Stal 1861 (Hongkong), the type genus of the Phaneropterinae. These insects are poorly known from India. Relevant important work on the taxonomy and distribution of Tettigoniidae of northeastern India include those of Barman & Srivastava (1976), Shishodia (2000), Shishodia & Tandon (2000), Barman (2003), Shishodia et al. (2003 & 2010) and, recently, Nagar et al. (2014, 2015a-b) have reported new and additional species of Phaneropterinae from India. The tribe Elimaeini Yakobson, 1905 (group Elimaeae Brunner, 1878) is known to comprise three Oriental genera, Elimaea Stal, 1874; Hemielimaea Brunner, 1878; and Ectadia Brunner, 1878. Karny (1926) divided the genus into three subgenera: Orthelimaea, Rhaebelimaea and Elimaea s. str., based on the shape of the anterior femora and the branching in the radius sector of the tegmen. Of these, Elimaea is most speciose and quite widespread in the Indian sub-continent. Gorochov (2013) reported two species, Elimaea melanocantha (Walker, 1869) and Elimaea nigrosignata Bolivar, 1900 in the group Neoelimaea. The terminology used is that of Ingrisch (1998) and Rentz and Colless (1990).

Case 3717 — xylophagidae Purchon, 1941 (Mollusca: Bivalvia): proposed emendation of the spelling to xylophagaidae to remove homonymy with xylophagidae Fallén, 1810 (Insecta: Diptera)

The purpose of this application, under Articles 29 and 55.3 of the Code, is to remove the homonymy between the family-group names xylophagidae Purchon, 1941 (Mollusca: Bivalvia) and xylophagidae Fallen, 1810 (Insecta: Diptera), which are homonyms due to the similarity of the names of their respective type genera Xylophaga Turton, 1822 and Xylophagus Meigen, 1803. It is proposed that the stem of the generic name Xylophaga be emended to Xylophaga- to give xylophagaidae, while leaving the fly family name unaltered.

Contribution to the Uropodina mites of Peru (Acari: Mesostigmata)

Soil dwelling Uropodina mites were collected from a primary lowland rainforest in Amazonian Peru. The species found belong to three different families. A new diagnosis and the type genus of Tetrasejaspidae fam. nov. are given, and the family is recorded from Peru for the first time on the basis of Tetrasejaspis sellnicki Hirschmann, 1973. Two rotundabaloghid mites were collected (Rotundabaloghia (Circobaloghia) magna Hirschmann, 1992 and Rotundabaloghia (Circobaloghia) iquitosensis Hirschmann, 1992), both already reported from Peru. A new species (Origmatrachys peruensis sp. nov.) from the family Trachyuropodidae was collected in large numbers from soil, and is described on the basis of females, males, nymphs and larvae. This is the first description of the protonymphs and larvae of Origmatrachys. The new species differs from the previously described ones in the basis of sculptural pattern of dorsal, ventral, sternal shields and the length of the setae in the central part of the dorsal shield. A new key to the known adults and deutonymphs of Origmatrachys is given.

The genus Syllis Savigny in Lamarck, 1818 (Annelida: Syllidae: Syllinae) from Australia (second part): four new species and re-description of twelve previously described species.

Syllis Savigny in Lamarck, 1818, the type genus of Syllidae, is the largest and most diverse within the family. This genus presents many taxonomic and phylogenetic problems due mainly to the lack of molecular data and morphological synapomorphies for many of the species, but also to poor or inadequate descriptions. In order to improve the knowledge of the genus, we have undertaken a morphological revision of Australian species, based on type material and material from the Australian Museum. Sixteen species are herein described, of which four are new and twelve are redescriptions of alreadyknown species, with six new combinations: Syllis boggemanni, n. sp.; S. joaoi, n. sp.; S. karlae, n. sp.; S. marceloi, n. sp.; S. albanyensis (Hartmann-Schröder, 1984) n. comb.; S. erikae (Hartmann-Schröder, 1981) n. comb.; S. krohnii Ehlers 1864; S. lunaris (Imajima, 1966) n. comb.; S. lutea (Hartmann-Schröder, 1960); S. macrodentata (Hartmann-Schröder, 1982) n. comb.; S. monilaris Savigny in Lamarck, 1818; S. nigropunctata Haswell, 1886; S. pectinans Haswell, 1920; S. rosea (Langerhans, 1879); S. warrnamboolensis (Hartmann-Schröder, 1987) n. comb.; and S. yallingupensis (Hartmann-Schröder, 1982), n. comb.

Assessing soil organic carbon stocks under current and potential forest cover using digital soil mapping and spatial generalisation

Forest soils are important components in the global C-cycle. Regional soil organic carbon (SOC) stock assessments are hampered by low spatial densities of routine soil inventories. In this study, we estimated the SOC stock in the upper meter of forest in the region of Flanders (N. Belgium) using four digital soil mapping techniques, i.e. multiple linear regression (MLR), boosted regression trees (BRT), artificial neural networks (ANN) and least-squares support vector machines (LS-SVM), and compared them with the results of a multi-level spatial generalisation (MLSG) approach.Applied to a collection of 276 soil profiles, we identified the highest groundwater level, clay fraction, tree genus and soil type as key predictors of the SOC stock in the upper 100cm under forests. Overall, BRT was the most informative as it obtained the best fit (training R2 of 0.68, cross-validated R2 of 0.22) and provided insights in the soil system by showing average predictor effects in partial dependence plots. With BRT, the total stock in the upper meter of forest soil (153,544ha) was estimated to be 26.99 Mt OC, or 17.58kgm−2 on average. MLSG provided an estimate for only 90% of the forest area and resulted in a larger average stock of 18.22kgm−2 due to larger predictions for Histosols. As a null model, i.e. assuming that the potential natural dominant tree genus would occur according to the present soil conditions, the SOC stock in the current forest area was estimated at 30.00 Mt OC, or 21.26kgOCm−2 on average. When the complete non-built-up territory (1,168,850ha) would be forested analogously, 255.28MtOC would be stored, which is more than double the amount of predictions under the actual land cover. The results highlight the importance to conserve and restore carbon hotspots like alluvial forests. New soil inventories should focus on these and other data-scarce land units. Future modelling approaches can benefit from explicitly taking the soil type and tree genus into account as predictors.

Synonymy and problematic species of Eiconaxius Spence Bate, 1888, with descriptions of new species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Axiidea: Axiidae).

The genus Eiconaxius Spence Bate, 1888, is rediagnosed. Eiconaxiopsididae Sakai, 2011 and its type genus, Eiconaxiopsis Sakai, 2011 are shown to be based largely on an error-the dactylus of pereopod 3 of the type species, Eiconaxiopsis heinrichi Sakai, 2011 is not as was originally illustrated but similar to all other species of Eiconaxius. The synonymies of Eiconaxiopsis with Eiconaxius and Eiconaxiopsididae with Axiidae are confirmed. Eiconaxius faxoni Sakai, 2011 is made an objective junior synonym of Eiconaxius albatrossae Kensley, 1996 (both share the same types). Eiconaxius malaku sp. nov. is erected to replace Eiconaxius indonesicus Sakai, 2011 (nomen nudum). Eiconaxius parvus Spence Bate, 1888 is redescribed based on numerous specimens from Fiji, and Wallis and Futuna. Eiconaxius vaubani sp. nov., which differs from all other species of the genus in the shape of the rostrum and proportions of pereopod 4, is described.

On the status of the Triassic Nassellarian radiolarian family Tetraspinocyrtiidae Kozur and Mostler and description of some related taxa

This paper is a contribution to the knowledge of Middle Triassic Nassellaria. Starting from the emendation of the Triassic nassellarian family Tetraspinocyrtiidae Kozur and Mostler, of its type genus and of the 4 species originally included in it, the article describes many other species and genera more or less related to them. Since the primary criteria for the systematics of Nassellaria are the knowledge of the structure of the initial spicule and the external morphology, and since the studied faunas presented here are very well preserved, the present contribution is based on the study of these nassellarians in optical microscopy that allows seeing both internal structures and external morphology. The studied radiolarians belong to 9 families of which 2 are new (Gradinariidae and Goestlingellidae with subfamilies Goestlingellinae and Spinotriassocampinae), 29 genera of which 21 are new (Siphunculovum, Pyramicyrtium, Eucyrtidielloides, Praepseudoeucyrtis, Micromissilus, Lithopinguis, Triassomelissa, Hungerbuehleria, Pelsonocyrtis, Spelagor, Gradinaria, Paragradinaria, Liftariella, Hagmanella, Adramanda, Komospinocyrtis, Turrinasus, Ruthicyrtis, Stylosaltatrix, Tristylosaltatrix, and Ovospinocyrtium) and 88 species, of which 74 are new.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Cerion uva uva (Gastropoda: Panpulmonata: Stylommatophora: Cerionidae)

We report the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Cerion uva uva (Linnaeus 1758), the type species of the type genus of the family Cerionidae. The mitogenome is 15,043 bp in length, has a base composition of A (28.3%), T (34.4%), C (17.3%) and G (20.0%), and contains 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, as well as 22 transfer RNA genes. Gene order is the same as in Cerion incanum (Leidy 1851), but differs from those of all other Panpulmonata. This is the second mitochondrial genome sequenced within the family Cerionidae and will contribute to the assessment of the phylogeography of this family throughout the islands of the tropical western Atlantic.

Catalogue of the Teratomyzidae (Diptera, Opomyzoidea) of the World.

A catalogue of Teratomyzidae of the world is presented comprising 23 described species in seven genera. Geographic records for nine undescribed species are also listed. All valid names and synonyms are presented, totaling 34 names. All references known to us from the taxonomic and biological literature, including information about name, author, year of publication, page number, type genus, type species, type locality and references are given to the categories of family, genus and species. Camur willii McAlpine has its distributional record enlarged to Paraná (Brazil).

A review of the genus Trichoura Londt, 1994 with the description of a new species from the Northern Cape Province of South Africa and a key to world Willistonininae (Diptera, Asilidae)

The South African assassin-fly genus Trichoura Londt, 1994 is reviewed. A new species, Trichoura pardeos sp. n., is described from the arid Karoo in north-western South Africa. A new key to all seven recognized species is provided and the distribution and phenology are discussed. The world fauna of Willistonininae is reviewed, a new taxon Sisyrnodytinitribe n. (type genus Sisyrnodytes Loew, 1856) is established for Ablautus Loew, 1866, Acnephalomyia Londt, 2010, Ammodaimon Londt, 1985, Astiptomyia Londt, 2010, Sisyrnodytes, and Sporadothrix Hermann, 1908 and photographs for all Willistonininae genera are provided.

Morphological and molecular analyses onRichtersius(Eutardigrada) diversity reveal its new systematic position and lead to the establishment of a new genus and a new family within Macrobiotoidea

Important contributions have been made to the systematics of Eutardigrada in recent years, but these have also revealed that several taxa are polyphyletic and that cryptic species are present. To shed light on the taxonomy and systematic position of the genus Richtersius (Eutardigrada, Macrobiotoidea), six populations attributed to Richtersius coronifer were collected and analysed from morphological (light and scanning electron microscopy) and molecular (mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1, 18S, 28S) points of view. In particular, a new morphometric index (claw common tract: length of the common tract of the claw/total claw length × 100) and a new morphological character (stalk system) were introduced. Our integrative study was able to unveil the ‘cryptic’ species diversity within Richtersius, showing that the genus contains more than one evolutionary lineage. A morphological peculiarity in the animals of all lineages is the dimorphism in the morphology of the cuticle. Cuticular pores are present in the newborns and are lost with the first moult; this morphological change represents a novelty in the life cycle of eutardigrades. The phylogenetic analyses carried out on Richtersius populations and other Macrobiotoidea show that Richtersius is closely related to Macrobiotus islandicus, whereas Adorybiotus granulatus is more related to Richtersius and M. islandicus than to other members of the genus Macrobiotus (type genus of Macrobiotidae); therefore, the genus Macrobiotus and the family Macrobiotidae are not monophyletic. Based on these results, the new genus Diaforobiotus (for M. islandicus) and the new family Richtersiidae (composed of Richtersius, Diaforobiotus gen. nov., and Adorybiotus) are established.

Phylogenetics of tribe Sabiceeae (Ixoroideae, Rubiaceae) revisited, with a new subgeneric classification forSabicea

Tribe Sabiceeae (Ixoroideae, Rubiaceae) has undergone recent taxonomical changes with the incorporation of the related genera Ecpoma, Pseudosabicea and Stipularia into the type genus Sabicea. We use phylogenetic analysis and morphological data to verify the relationships among members of the tribe, including the most comprehensive taxon sampling of the tribe to date with 74 of 145 species. Sequence data from the nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and three plastid markers (petD, rps16, trnT–F) were used to infer relationships among the members of the tribe. Individual analyses using maximum likelihood, parsimony and Bayesian approaches reveal several supported clades: the former genus Stipularia is resolved as a monophyletic unit, but Ecpoma is monophyletic only if Sabicea urbaniana and Sabicea xanthotricha are included (corresponding to Sabicea subgenus Stipulariopsis sensu Wernham). Pseudosabicea is biphyletic, with one clade corresponding to section Anisophyllae of Hallé (1964) and the other one to the other sections (Floribundae and Sphaericae) of the genus. Eleven morphological characteristics were recorded for all species studied and seven have been mapped onto the phylogenetic tree to study their evolution in the group and assess their value for the classification of Sabicea s.l. Finally, our study shows that a combination of diagnostic characteristics should be used to differentiate each group and we propose to recognise four subgenera in Sabicea.

Correction of Cassicinae Bonaparte, 1853 (Aves, Icteridae) to Cacicinae Bonaparte, 1853.

In our recently published revised classification of the Icteridae (Remsen et al. 2016), we used the family group name Cassicinae Bonaparte, 1853 on the assumption that its type genus was Cassicus Illiger, 1811. We have since confirmed, after kind advice from Thomas Donegan (pers. comm. 2016), that Cassicus Illiger (1811: 214) is simply an unjustified emendation of Cacicus Lacépède, 1799, made clear by Illiger (l.c.) in a footnote to his description of Cassicus. Under Articles 32.5.3.2 and 35.4.2 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999), a family-group name formed from an unjustified emendation of the name of its type genus is to be corrected, unless the emendation has come into use as a substitute name or through prevailing use. This is not the case here, and accordingly we correct the spelling of Cassicinae to Cacicinae. Bonaparte (1853) retains authorship; and, although not expressly mentioned before, his originally ligatured suffix -eoe for the name was automatically corrected by us (Remsen et al. l.c.) under Articles 11.7.1.3 and 32.5.3 of the Code (ICZN l.c.).