Types Of Family Violence Research Articles

Parental Witnessing of Physical and Emotional Sibling Violence in Their Children: Associations with Parental Experiences of Physical and Emotional Sibling Violence and ACEs in Childhood

ABSTRACT Parents often face a considerable amount of stress around managing their children’s relationships. One source of stress can include instances of physical and emotional sibling violence (PESV). While this form of family violence has received minimal attention compared to other types of family violence, there is a need to better understand parental witnessing of PESV and how it is associated with parents’ childhood experiences of PESV as well as adverse childhood experiences. This research study examines the association of parents’ childhood experiences of PESV and adverse childhood experiences with witnessing PESV in their children while controlling for current family context variables and childhood family context variables. In a sample of 146 parents recruited from Qualtrics’ research panels, parental witnessing of PESV between their children was correlated with both parental experiences of PESV in childhood and adverse childhood experiences. In the regression models, only parental experiences of PESV in childhood, abusive adverse childhood events, and having less education than a bachelor’s degree were associated with parental witnessing of PESV between their children when controlling for other variables. The results of the research indicate a potential intergenerational transmission of PESV. Implications of the research support the need for practitioners and those working with parents and families to assess for PESV and educate on this form of family violence to help parents intervene when physical and emotional sibling violence occurs.

The real characteristics of destructive family conflicts

This article deals with a wide range of issues related to the problem of destructive family conflicts. It reveals various approaches to understanding the essence of family conflicts. At the same time, the article presents the author’s definition of destructive family conflicts and their classification. The main attention is paid to the analysis of the relationship between certain types of violence and specific destructive family conflicts. The article provides a fairly deep scientific interpretation of various types of family violence.

The Association of Alcohol Use and Child-to-Parent Violence in Mexican Adolescents

Background: Addictions can modify the dynamics, communication, and establishment of assertive relationships in the family nucleus, situations that can cause different types of family violence. A phenomenon of special interest is child-to-parent violence or children’s violence toward their parents. This type of violence can be exercised physically (hitting, kicking, shoving), verbally (shouting, blackmailing and insulting) and economically (using a card, stealing money or belongings from the parents). Although is generally supported that child-to-parent violence may be associated with alcohol-induced aggressiveness and lack of control, there is less evidence of a possible differentiation regarding the sex of the parents. Objective: Analyze the relationship and effect of alcohol on child-to-parent violence according to the parents’ sex. Methods: This was a predictive study of 265 adolescents between 12 and 19 years of age. Data were collected from social networks using two self-applied instruments (the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test and the Conflict Tactics Scale: Parent-Child Version) programmed with the Survey Monkey® digital platform. Results: Of the adolescents studied, 66.8% had consumed alcohol at some time in their lives; of these, 6.6% had harmful consumption. A positive relationship was found between alcohol involvement scores and economic violence toward the mother and father. The former was supported by regression models where alcohol involvement predicted child-to-parent economic violence directed toward mothers and fathers. Conclusions: It is important to develop activities to prevent alcohol consumption as a risk factor for violence and to promote family integration in adolescents and their families.

Depression Transmission From Parents to Their Adult Children in China: The Mediating Role of Family Violence.

Depression can be transmitted from parents to children through the gene-environment interaction. Previous studies have focused on the short-term effects of parental depression on children and adolescents while neglecting the long-term effects. Furthermore, as a major indicator of stressful environment, the mediating role of different types of family violence has rarely been studied. The purpose of this study was to examine the long-term effects of parental depressive symptoms on those of adult children and to explore the potential mediating roles of different types of family violence (physical abuse, witnessing interparental violence, and sibling violence) in China. Data came from the 2014 and 2018 waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), which consisted of 10,973 participants aged 45 years and older. Logistic regression models were performed. The total effect was decomposed into direct and indirect effects by logistic regression based on the Karlson/Holm/Breen (KHB) method. The results indicated that parental depressive symptoms were related to adult children's depressive symptoms (odds ratio [OR], 1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.16-1.25]). The KHB method showed that this relationship was mediated by physical abuse (OR, 1.01; 95% CI [1.00-1.01]) and witnessing interparental violence (OR, 1.01; 95% CI [1.01-1.02]). In China, depression can be transmitted from parents to their adult children through family violence. The findings suggest that regular mental health screening across entire lifespan and family violence prevention programs targeting depressed parents may bring long-term benefit to adult children's mental health.

Can Being Victimized Verbally and Physically Predict Aggressive Verbal and Physical Behavior?: A Study on Omani Male and Female Middle School

<p style="text-align:justify">The aim of this study was to examine if perceived family violence of victimized children is related to their perceived aggressive behavior. It has been acknowledged that children learn and behave what they observe and practice including violence. A stratified random sample (N =1160) of Omani school students was drawn from grades 6 to 9. The study used perceived family violence and perceived aggressive behavior measures to collect data. CFA was performed to test the proposed factor structure as well as the structural model. The invariance test lent support to the hypothesis that the structure of constructs is invariant across gender. However, the relations between constructs were not invariant. Children (boys and girls) who expressed high verbal violence on them reported they were more verbally and physically aggressive. Boys, but not girls, who reported high physical violence on them reported they were more verbally and physically aggressive. The relation between perceived family violence and perceived aggressive behavior seem to be dependent on gender and types of family violence as well as the kind of children’s aggressive behavior.</p>

Family destructive conflicts

This article discusses a wide range of issues related to the problem of family destructive confl icts. It reveals various approaches to understanding the essence of family confl icts. At the same time, the article presents the author's defi nition of family destructive confl icts and their classifi cation. The main attention is paid to the analysis of the relationship between certain types of violence and specifi c destructive family confl icts. The article provides a fairly deep scientifi c interpretation of various types of family violence.

How Experiences of Child Abuse Pediatricians and Lessons Learned May Inform Health Care Providers Focused on Improving Elder Abuse Geriatrics Clinical Practice and Research.

The experience of physicians and other health care providers in child abuse pediatrics in the last six decades includes successes and failures, which can offer critical insights to inform the growing field of health care providers focusing on elder abuse clinical practice and research. We identify and describe in detail relevant lessons learned, including balancing an urgent call to action with a need for robust evidence to support clinical conclusions. We discuss solutions to research challenges, including the lack of a uniform gold standard for abuse diagnosis and how to ethically recruit subjects who may have cognitive impairment and also be crime victims. We offer recommendations on recruiting and training a specialized health care workforce. We make suggestions for health care providers about how to navigate the legal world including issues with expert testimony and also how to participate in policymaking and development of rational systems. We emphasize the importance of developing and supporting partnerships within the field, with allied fields inside and outside medicine, and internationally. We also highlight the value of connecting researchers and clinicians focused on different types of family violence.

Family Dynamics and Young Adults' Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Sibling Bullying.

Although a common form of family violence, sibling bullying is often viewed as harmless by families and society. Consequently, it has not received as much attention in research compared with peer bullying or other types of family violence, such as interpartner violence, child abuse, and elder abuse. Considering that sibling relationships have lasting effects on children's development, this retrospective study focused on the antecedents and outcomes of sibling bullying. Grounded in family system theory and social learning theory, it explored whether sibling bullying during childhood and adolescence mediated the relationship between negative family dynamics (i.e., sibling rivalry, interparental hostility, and parental hostility) and young adults' well-being (i.e., sense of competence, internalized problems, self-esteem, and satisfaction with life). Data from 216 respondents were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results revealed that young adults who reported higher levels of sibling rivalry and interparental hostility were more likely to be victims of sibling bullying. In turn, sibling bullying was associated with lower sense of competence, self-esteem, and life satisfaction, as well as more internalized problems. Parents' hostile behaviors toward their children were not associated with sibling bullying but were negatively associated with well-being in early adulthood. Our work underlines the importance of harmonious family dynamics and the need for sibling bullying to be taken more seriously by parents and family members. From a clinical point of view, our findings suggest that clinicians and human service workers should adopt a family-level approach when trying to reduce sibling bullying and its negative outcomes by educating parents about the interdependence of family relationships.

The effects of family violence on the deviant behavior among government middle school students in the province of Al- Taif

هدفت الدراسة إلى تقييم أثر العنف الأسري على السلوك الانحرافي لطلاب المرحلة المتوسطة في المدارس الحكومية العامة بمحافظة الطائف, واتبع الباحث المنهج الوصفي في دراسته حيث شملت العينة (229) طالب تم اختيارهم بشكل عمدي بسيط من أربع مدارس للمرحلة المتوسطة بمحافظة الطائف، مع مراعاة اختيارها من أحياء مختلفة لتكون ممثلة لمجتمع البحث، ولغرض جمع البيانات تم استخدام الاستمارة, وبلغ عدد الاستمارات المستعادة من عينة الدراسة (193) استمارة, وبعد المراجعة أستبعد الباحث (6) استمارات لم يتم إكمالها ليصبح عدد أفراد العينة (187) مفردة، وقد تم ادخال و تحليل البيانات بواسطة برنامج التحليل الاحصائي(SPSS) الإصدار السادس عشر، وأظهرت النتائج عدم وجود علاقة بين أنواع العنف الأسري والسلوك الانحرافي للطلاب، ولا توجد آثار للعنف الأسري على السلوك الانحرافي لدى طلاب المرحلة المتوسطة، مع مشاهدتهم أحياناً لمشاجرة أخوانهم فيما بينهم, كما بيَّنت النتائج أنه لاوجود لأنماط العنف الأسري الذي يتعرض له طلاب المرحلة المتوسطة, مع مشاهدتهم أحياناً لأنواع من المشاجرات مع زملائهم. أوصت الدراسة بالقيام بدراسة متغيرات أخرى لمعرفة أسباب انتشار السلوك الانحرافي، بالإضافة إلى ضرورة التأكيد على الآباء والأمهات بتنشئة أبنائهم التنشئة الدينية الصحيحة, ونشر الوعي المجتمعي من خلال وسائل الإعلام والمناهج الدراسية ومراكز التوجيه في المجتمع، ورصد مظاهر العنف الأسري من خلال مؤسسات متخصصة والعمل على تحليلها والتعامل معها بصورة علمية وفق النظريات التربوية والاجتماعية, وإطلاق مشروعات مجتمعية توفر الخدمات الاجتماعية والمادية للذين يتعرضون للعنف الأسري.

The Contribution of Family Relationships to Child-to-Parent Violence

Child-to-parent violence is a social problem that is qualitatively different from other types of family violence, since adolescents direct their violence toward those who should represent authority and provide for their welfare. One of the goals of this study was to analyze the importance of the quality of family relationships and different strategies of family discipline with regard to violent or prosocial behavior of adolescents toward their parents. Structural Equation Modeling was used to test a model of violent behavior towards parents. Participants were 585 children aged between 12 and 18 from eight schools in the Basque Country (Spain). Positive family discipline and supervision were not associated with lower levels of violence against parents. Family relationships had direct effects on child-to-parent violence, and power-assertive discipline showed a mediating effect in that association. It seems that affectivity and quality of family relationships are the most important aspects for preventing violent behaviors.

Gregory Routt and Lily Anderson: Adolescent Violence in the Home: Restorative Approaches to Building Healthy, Respectful Family Relationships

Adolescent Violence in the Home: Restorative Approaches to Building Healthy, Respectful Family Relationships, by Gregory Routt and Lily Anderson discusses a form of family violence that has been recognized as a major issue for decades but that has constantly been ignored by society. Routt and Anderson illustrate the elements of adolescent violence towards their parents, a form of abuse that is not often discussed. The adolescent period of life is a time of growth and development that can fluctuate often, and sometimes develop violent and abusive behaviors. Whether it is a result of poor parenting, traumatic life events, or mental disorders, adolescent violence in the home towards parents, siblings, and parental figures can cause severe emotional and physical distress in a family. Parents who are victims of abuse tend to keep the issue quiet, due to embarrassment, or they blame themselves for contributing to their child’s violent characteristics. The authors emphasize the lack of attention that this form of family violence receives, and throughout the text offer specified intervention methods to try and remedy adolescent violence towards their parents. Routt and Anderson offer an eye-opening text that recognizes the severity of parental abuse by their children, and aims to inform readers about how to identify, accept, and solve this issue while restoring more effective familial relationships. In chapter one, Routt and Anderson address the different types of pathways adolescents can take on the way to violent actions toward their parents, the reality and relevance of parental abuse, and its relationship with other types of family violence. There is a multitude of pathways adolescents can take to result in physically and emotionally abusing their parents: social, environmental, and genetic factors all playing a part. Statistics collected to understand the extent to which parental abuse from adolescents occurs, prove to be unreliable, as they do not include abuse other than physical acts. They also fail to record many instances because parents often refuse to report out of embarrassment and fear of social disapproval. This makes it difficult to understand the true scope that this type of violence reaches. Even those who are familiar with family violence frequently fail to accept the relevance of adolescent violence towards parents, usually due to the fluctuation of behaviors present in developing adolescents. The authors emphasize that this kind of abuse is not like other domestic violence; it is its own entity. While it is similar to partner abuse in the fight for power, it is a different spectrum emotionally, socially, economically, and culturally. For many decades, studies failed to recognize the reality of adolescent violence towards parents but, particularly in the past 15 years, more evidence has provided more solid results that this form of violence even is international. Overall, this chapter provides the reader with a comprehensive understanding of the infrastructure of parental abuse from children. The second chapter focuses on the role that physical abuse plays in this type of family violence. While physical violence can range from pinching to threats with deadly weapons, Routt and Anderson (2015, p. 18) simply define it as, ‘‘...any behavior that intended to physically hurt or harm that parent’’. It is illustrated that initial acts of violence from adolescents can result from a very wide variety of different social and environmental situations. Even though there have been very few cases where the violent adolescent actually kills their parents, or cause severe physical abuse that can result from domestic violence, it can lead the adolescent to face legal difficulties and & Lyndsay Leikem lleikem@indiana.edu

Predictores familiares de la violencia filio-parental: el papel de la disciplina familiar

Child-to-parent violence is a social problem that is qualitatively different from other types of family violence, since adolescents direct their violence toward those who should represent authority and provide for their welfare. The main goal of this study was to analyze the role of family relationships and family discipline on violent and prosocial behavior by adolescents toward their parents. Participants were 585 children aged between 12 and 18 from 8 schools in the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country (Spain). Results show that family relationships based on affect and communication are those that promote prosocial behaviors by children and reduce their violent behaviors at home. However, power-assertive parental discipline strategies and partially punitive strategies (monitoring and penalty) were associated to more physical and psychological violence by adolescents toward their parents. Finally, implications of these findings for parenting education are discussed.

Effects of Childhood Experience of Violence Between Parents and/or Parent-to-Child Violence on Young Israeli Adults' Global Self-Esteem.

The study examines long-term effects of family violence in childhood (violence between parents and/or parent-to-child violence) on adult self-esteem. Data were derived from a sample of 352 university students. Findings show that young adults not exposed to family violence in childhood report the highest self-esteem; lower self-esteem reports were by those experiencing one type of family violence; the lowest self-esteem was reported by those who experienced two types of family violence. In the latter two groups, self-esteem was also affected by frequency of violence. A linkage was identified between the family violence types examined: The more frequent one type of violence, the more frequent the other type. Theoretical and practical implications for the study of effects of family violence on child development are discussed.

Children With Disability Are More at Risk of Violence Victimization: Evidence From a Study of School-Aged Chinese Children.

Although research tends to focus on whether children with disability are more at risk of violence victimization, conclusive evidence on the association, especially in non-Western settings, is lacking. Using a large and representative sample of school-aged children in Hong Kong (N = 5,841, aged 9-18 years), this study aims to fill the research gap by providing reliable estimates of the prevalence of disability and the direct and indirect experiences of violence among children with disability. The study also compares the prevalence of child maltreatment, parental intimate partner violence (IPV), and in-law conflict to explore the factors related to the association between disability and violence victimization. The prevalence of disability among children was about 6%. Children with disability were more likely to report victimization than those without disability: 32% to 60% of the former had experienced child maltreatment, and 12% to 46% of them had witnessed IPV between parents or in-law conflict. The results of a logistic regression showed that disability increased the risk of lifetime physical maltreatment by 1.6 times. Furthermore, low levels of parental education and paternal unemployment were risk factors for lifetime child maltreatment. The risk of child maltreatment could have an almost sixfold increase when the child had also witnessed other types of family violence. Possible explanations and implications of the findings are discussed.

Exposure to Family Violence, Perceived Psychological Adjustment of Parents, and the Development of Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms Among Palestinian University Students.

The article presents the results of a study on the relationship between exposure to (i.e., witnessing and experiencing) different patterns and types of family violence during childhood, during adolescence, and during young adulthood, on one hand, and adult post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), on the other. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1,969 Palestinian students using a self-administered questionnaire. The results reveal that the more the participants witnessed and experienced psychological aggression (PS) and physical violence (PH) in their families of origin, the more they exhibited PTSS. Furthermore, the results indicate that a significant amount of the variance in the participants' PTSS could be attributed to their exposure to family violence, over and above the amounts of variance that were explained by their sociodemographic characteristics and by their perceptions of their parents' psychological adjustment. The limitations of the study and implications for future research are discussed.

Child victims and poly-victims in China: Are they more at-risk of family violence?

Multiple forms of violence may co-occur on a child. These may include various forms of child victimization and different types of family violence. However, evidence that child victims are more likely to witness other types of family violence has been lacking in China. Using data of a large and diverse sample of children recruited from 6 regions in China during 2009 and 2010 (N=18,341; 47% girls; mean age=15.9 years), the associations between child victimization and family violence witnessed were examined. Descriptive statistics and the associations between child victimization, demographic characteristics, and family violence witnessed were analyzed. Lifetime and preceding-year rates were 71.7% and 60.0% for any form of child victimization and 14.0% and 9.2% for poly-victimization (having four or more types of victimization), respectively. Family disadvantages (i.e., lower socio-economic status, single parents, and having more than one child in the family) were associated with child victimization and poly-victimization. Witnessing of parental intimate partner violence, elder abuse, and in-law conflict also increased the likelihood of child victimization and poly-victimization, even after the adjustment of demographic factors. Possible mechanisms for the links between family violence and child victimization are discussed. The current findings indicated the need for focusing on the whole family rather than the victim only. For example, screening for different types of family violence when child victims are identified may help early detection of other victims within the family.

Female sex offenders: A challenge to certain paradigmes. Meta-analysis

Summary Introduction The subject of sex offenses committed by women has not received very much attention until now. In the light of the much more significant numbers of offenses committed by men, female sexual criminality has always taken a back seat and is frequently overlooked altogether. The very idea of its existence came up against a lot of resistance for many years; it just seemed too absurd that a woman could be sexually dangerous for a child or a man. The fact that female sex crime has been shrouded in silence for so long has concealed its grave consequences and implications, and yet the survivors of female sexual abuse have reported that sexual abuse by women was more harmful and detrimental than any sexual abuse they had experienced from men. Method From a total 4,712 publications, identified using keywords searches on Medline, EMBASE, and PsycInfo (1984 to December 2011), we selected 61 papers using methodological criteria of evidence-based medicine. Our literature review studied 6,293 cases of female sex offenders in these 611 publications. Results Our review, conducted on a large population covering 61 of the most recent acceptable evidence-based studies, enables us to confirm three already-known suppositions: (1) female sex offenders have themselves often been victims not only of sex abuse (49.1%), but perhaps more importantly, of other types of family violence and instability (55.4%); (2) 51.2% suffer from psychiatric disorders, depression and/or mental retardation; (3) they are more likely to attack their own children or other close relatives before looking for victims outside of their family unit (63.9%). However, there are other generally held beliefs that do not seem to be based on fact and should certainly be reviewed, in particular concerning the belief that female sex offenders are not dangerous: 1) alcohol and drug abuse appeared in our series as less significant (29.1%) than previously described in older research, and seemed to confirm the results found with more rigourous data and larger scope studies described in the more recent literature; 2) female sex offenders are more likely to choose male victims (60%) over female victims (40%); 13.3% of them do not have any sexual preference; 3) contrary to popular belief, more female sex offenders commit their first crime alone than with an accomplice (66.7% of them act alone); 4) violence and coercion is far from absent when a female commits a sex offense (45.8% of cases); 5) although repeat sex offenses are rare, in a large number of cases (40.3%), female sex offenders have already been charged with other criminal offenses, or have repeat offenses in non-sexual criminal acts.

La teoría del aprendizaje social como modelo explicativo de la violencia filio-parental

In opposition to what it was kept before the decade of the 70s of the 20th century, the familiar context is one of the most violent, being able to give the parent-child violence, in the pair, between brothers and the child-parent violence. In this article we centre on the violence of teenagers against their progenitors being the first aim of our review to delimit and to define so much the term of familiar violence as much as of the adolescent violence towards parents to achieve to understand some of the reasons that gain to explain this phenomenon from the theory of the social learning. This theory is presented as an explanatory model suggested by almost totality of the authors who study and investigate the child-parents violence. To do so we have used a bibliographic review in qualitative analytic version, in base at investigations and books from the decade of the 70s until the year 2011 that have studied the child-parents violence in some cases linked with others types of family violence.

Female Victimization and Intimate Partner Violence After the May 12, 2008, Sichuan Earthquake

This study investigates the impact of the earthquake that occurred on May 12, 2008 in Sichuan, China on stressed families already experiencing domestic violence. We hypothesized that cumulative postdisaster stress would increase marital aggression and that the well-being of victims would deteriorate following the quake. A total of 186 women were recruited for this study. Results show that all types of family violence, including psychological aggression and physical violence between partners, increased after the earthquake. We provided preliminary evidence that psychological aggression was significantly associated with the detrimental effects on victims' mental and physical functioning. The findings support the need for violence assessment among victims of earthquakes, and we recommend that violence prevention be considered as part of the intervention during such natural disasters.

Factors Associated with Co-occurrence of Spousal and Parental Violence: Quebec Population Study

Although the occurrence of both spousal and parental violence within the same family has been documented, there are scarcely any data on this phenomenon for Quebec and Canada. In analyzing the data from the 2004 Quebec survey on family violence in the lives of children, conducted with a population sample of 3,148 mothers, this study pursued two goals: to determine what differences exist between three groups in which family violence occurs (spousal violence, parental violence and co-occurrence of the two) and to better document the factors related to the different types of family violence by developing an explanatory model. Ecological analyses revealed major differences between these three groups in every aspect examined. Our findings support the hypothesis that families in which spousal and parental violence co-occur are not qualitatively different from those families in which only spousal or only parental violence occurs, but that they differ in the severity of the cases reported.