Type Of Education System Research Articles

Does between-school tracking increase school segregation among migrant students? A difference-in-differences and multiverse analysis of international large-scale assessment data

ABSTRACT This study examines the role of educational tracking in shaping school segregation among first and second-generation migrants, a pressing issue for societal integration. Drawing on the pooled data from international student assessments (PISA, PIRLS, & TIMSS) from 1995 to 2019, we examine a total of 75 countries and assess the extent to which early tracking exacerbates segregation compared to more integrated school systems. Our analysis, based on a Difference-in-Differences approach, reveals no significant differences in migrant school segregation between tracked and integrated systems. Robustness checks, employing multiverse analyses, confirm the stability of our findings across alternative model specifications. However, considerable variation in migrant school segregation exists within both types of education systems. This underscores the importance of investigating additional factors beyond early tracking contributing to variation in migrant school segregation. Our study highlights the complex interplay between educational policies and migrant integration in school settings.

Perspectives on ESL Acquisition for Adult Learners in Romania

The present paper aims at catching a glimpse of the process of second language learning and acquisition among adult learners in Romania. When talking about adult learners, the focused age group comprises individuals over 24 years old who are no longer enrolled in any type of educational system. On the contrary, they already have jobs, families and lead a busy life. The paper comprises four parts – the introduction presents some factors, like age, psychological and environmental components, which interact in the process of successful language acquisition. The second part discusses motivation which has a pivotal role in the process of language acquisition while in the next part some difficulties Romanian adult learners face when learning English are presented. The paper ends with conclusions, emphasizing that the process of second language acquisition is not at all a simple one, it is a bouquet of factors which influences the final result.

GAT-LS: A Graph Attention Network for Learning Style Detection in Online Learning Environment

In the context of the information age, the rapid growth and increasing diversity of learning resources underscore the urgency of personalized learning, while learning style is the most crucial factor to consider in personalized learning as it significantly influences students’ academic achievements and learning experiences. Traditional methods of assessing learning styles, such as completing questionnaires, have many drawbacks, including subjectivity and time costs. Therefore, in recent years, researchers have been exploring automatic methods to identify learning styles by analyzing students’ interactive behaviors. Motivated by these limitations, we propose a learning style detection method using a graph attention network (GAT), named GAT-LS. We originally constructed a bipartite graph between learners and learning materials, utilizing node features to represent the students’ behavior. Subsequently, we employ GAT to obtain hidden vectors for the graph nodes. These hidden vectors encapsulate both the overall graph information and the importance of neighboring nodes. We employ a multi-head attention network to process student nodes and combine a dropout mechanism with a single-layer attention network to process learning material nodes. Finally, we map the obtained hidden node features to the Felder-Silverman learning style model (FSLSM) and use K-means clustering to detect learning styles. The proposed method can be integrated into various types of educational systems or online learning platforms, providing a better educational experience and learning resource recommendations for both teachers and students. Experiments on the real-world dataset, KDD CUP 2015, demonstrated the superiority of our method. Our proposed approach achieved outstanding results with average values of 0.9647 accuracy, 0.9478 precision, 0.9171 recall, and 0.9346 F1 score.

The relevance of medium of instruction and mother tongue for different types of educational systems

The relationship between student performance in education and medium of instruction needs to be investigated in a systems-oriented way, comparing what educational systems are able to achieve given different medium of instruction policies. This article combines data on language, medium of instruction, participation in education and effectiveness of education to propose a new categorization of educational systems: colonial systems, decolonial systems and systems in transition. It shows that there is an evolution towards decolonial systems, but that such an evolution will require a transition to indigenous languages as medium of instruction. It briefly discusses the pitfalls and possibilities of such a transition.

Investigating the Association between Education and Observance of Purdah in Pakhtun Society: Linking Marital Status at Multivariate Level

Aim of the study: The study was designed to explore the perceptions of different stakeholders regarding the impact of education on the observance of Purdah concerning modernization. Methodology: To examine the phenomena, the survey methodology was used for the investigation. The quantitative data was obtained through a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire from different sampled groups i.e. intellectuals, lawyers, politicians, community leaders, and literary persons. Besides, bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed. The association between independent and dependent variables was measured through Chi-square, whereas multivariate analysis was employed. Findings: The overall findings signposted a non-significant and positive relationship between increased schooling breaking down traditional values and norms, including family values, and change in observance of Purdah. Besides, a significant and positive relationship was identified between education as one of the important indicators of modernization in Pakhtun society and the dependent variable. Similarly, the relationship between modernization leads to the emergence of different types of education systems in Pakistan, and the observance of Purdah was noticed as significant and positive. The overall test statistics of the multivariate analysis revealed a highly significant, positive, and non-spurious relationship. Conclusion: The study concludes that although education has an impact on the practice of Purdah, however, there is no role for marital status concerning the pace of change.

Desire and Marketizing English Version of Education as a Commodity in the Linguistic Market in Bangladesh

In recent years, the globalization of English as a Medium of Instruction (EMI) policy has grown exponentially, driven by socio-economic, political, cultural, and educational desires and forces. Despite having a well-established elite English-medium education in Bangladesh, EMI-based, a new type of education system has emerged recently at primary and secondary levels called English-version (EV) education. This paper investigates parents' desires to choose EV schools for their children and how those desires contribute to marketizing EV schools as a new and popular commodity in the education market of Bangladesh. Data were collected using open-ended questionnaires from 120 parents of primary school children studying at five EV schools. Moreover, further qualitative data was collected by conducting three follow-up focus group discussions (FGDs) with 14 parents and three key informant interviews (KIIs) with three EV school principals. Findings show that parents believe in the material value and promises of English as a linguistic capital that has implanted multiple desires in them for their children. They aspire for their children in EV to benefit from their improved English skills in the future at a reasonable cost while continuing to uphold Bangladeshi culture and values. In other words, the exponential market of EVs lies in its affordable cost and future benefits, in tandem with an informed distance from the culture associated with the English language.

Evaluation of Hybrid Learning in the University: A Case Study Approach

Hybrid learning is a type of educational system in which some students attend class in person while others engage virtually from home. Hybrid learning has been applied in all educational institutions since the pandemic. BINUS University used a Learning Management System called Binusmaya to support teaching and learning activities for both hybrid and fully online learning. The objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of hybrid learning at BINUS University based on student performance academically and non-academically. It focuses on students from the 2019–2020 academic year. The survey obtained 200 replies using a quantitative technique and a Google form as the media questionnaire. Previous research has shown that hybrid learning provides effective results in terms of academic achievement. Compared to this study, few criteria are used to measure the effectiveness of hybrid learning, such as environment, knowledge, and skills. In addition, we have added the comparison between hybrid learning and the full online method at BINUS University. The results indicate that hybrid learning is ineffective compared to fully online learning. Furthermore, hybrid students were dissatisfied with their overall results, and students pursuing full-time online courses outperformed hybrid students. This study also provides some approaches to increasing the effectiveness of hybrid learning at BINUS University. Doi: 10.28991/HIJ-2022-03-04-03 Full Text: PDF

Https://habibiaislamicus.com/index.php/hirj/article/view/268

There are two types of education systems in Pakistan; one is the run by our religious schools. Only our religious needs are met through this system of education. There is no doubt that these madrassas are not only a source of guidance to the people in religious matters but also lead to the performance of many religious rites in the society under their leadership. However, it is generally said that Due to these madrassas, religious divisions are created in the society. The question that needs to be investigated is how can the intellectual gap between the temperament of these two systems and their futility be bridged? And if there are flaws in both systems, to what extent have the efforts made so far been successful in removing them? Is it possible that if there is a gap between the two systems, it can be replaced by an alternative system that meets the needs of the country and by which the quality of education can be eliminated? What to do this is an important case of the time, so the article under review is presented under this case.

Implementing ACT-Based Modalities for Establishing Connectivity among Teachers and Students in the Context of COVID-19

The government aims to make education accessible to all the people of the country can be fulfilled if the online education system is developed enough for all. The country may be benefited by the use of the right type of education system. Learners and teachers get advantages if the education system is reformed using digital technologies like Automatic Call Tree (ACT)-based modalities. Such types of education system has key significant in the pandemic situation which have been facing since two years. This study is assumed to examine the Automatic Call Tree (ACT) based modalities and their utilization for connection between students, teachers, parents and school management committee; and some recommendations are made concerning online education. The main information source for this study is primary. Instruments used are questionnaires, interview with video recording, phone call, and class room observation. The preliminary finding showed that there is a scarcity of orientations of online education to parents, students, teachers, and administrators, though all were found to realize its importance. Likewise, major problems found are lack of digital devices, regular power supply and backup; and network connectivity. Based on the opinions of the respondents and observations of the situations of the different parts of the country running online education during this pandemic period, many recommendations are made. The country needs strategic plans and policy to make online education accessible to all learners specially in urban areas of Nepal and this will ensure online education smooth. It concludes that the Automatic Call Tree (ACT)-based modalities became fruitful for some schools of Nepal during Corona Virus (COVID)-19 pandemic. But many of them are facing different problems while conducting online classes, examination and result processing. Providing practical knowledge and skills about engineering, mathematics, health science, account, computer science subjects are very difficult and to examine them.

How Successful is Field Training Program offered by the Public Authority for Applied Education and Training, PAAE&T, Kuwait, in Reducing Dependence on Expatriates?

Technical and vocational education would significantly serve the need of developing countries in terms of lower the rate of poverty, reducing the number of people/youth unemployment, ensuring a stable economy, reducing rate of crimes, higher earning, and increasing self-development. It is also essential for the gulf states such as: Kuwait, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, where the lack of skilled and semi-skilled indigenous manpower is notable in essential sectors of their economy (e.g., electricity and water, health care, oil sector, infrastructure). Technical and vocational education is a dual type of educational system that would facilitate the transmission of students into work place. It is considered as a ‘golden” opportunity particularly for youth to be easily employed by industries and business. The success of technical and vocational education would depend, to great extent, on the efficiency of apprenticeship where students spend certain time at industrial premises to gain the required skills. It allows students to experience the real work environment and to interact with machine, devices, and tools applied in industrial production site. This paper examines how successful is the field training program offered by the selected colleges and institutions at the Public Authority for Applied Education and Training, PAAE&T, in providing local industries with indigenous skilled and semi-skilled qualified manpower. The research is based on extensive field work that encompasses a review of the related literature, interviews with sample of heads of supervisors/heads of departments at the Ministry of Health, Ministry of Communications, Ministry of Electricity and Water, and the oil sector in order to assess the quality of field training program. Finally, the research will argue that unless the management of technical and vocational colleges and institutions recognize and appreciate the value of enhancing the quality of field training program with local industries, its contribution in tackling the shortage of skilled and semi-skilled indigenous in essential sectors on the economy will be below the government expectations, thus continuing relaying on expatriates for years ahead.

How successful is the Industrial Institutes, Kuwait, in reducing dependence on expatriates?

Nowadays, no one can deny the role played by technical and vocational education in reducing the rate of youth unemployment, low rate of poverty, high wages, and livelihood for workers, particularly younger workers. Technical and vocational education is a dual type of educational system that permit students to acquire the necessary knowledge, skills, and attitudes mostly needed by industries and business. The quality of technical and vocational educations would facilitate the transformation of students from classrooms, workshops, and laboratories into real work environment. The success of technical and vocational education in achieving the its objectives would depend on the quality of management in forging a strong linkage with industries and business. The concept of working in a “black box” would not apply in technical and vocational education since industries and business are the main contributors in shaping students’ knowledge, skills, and attitudes. Kuwait, as one of the gulf states, the shortage of indigenous skilled and semi-skilled manpower in noted in essential sectors of the economy (e.g., electricity and water and the oil sector). Key figures have appreciated the significant role of technical and vocational institutions in providing essential sectors of the economy with the skilled and semi-skilled national manpower in order to reduce, to great extent, the dependence on expatriates. The Sabah Al-Salem Industrial Institute, SSII, and Shuwaikh Industrial Institute, SII, was forged between 1992-1993, by the Kuwaiti Government with the aim to equipped local manpower with the know-how and know-why that are applied in local industries and business. The research is focus on measuring the perception of a sample of heads of supervisors at the Ministry of Electricity and Water and at the oil sector towards the quality of the graduates from the Sabah Al-Salem Industrial Institute, SSII, and Shuwaikh Industrial Institute, SII. The research is based on extensive field work that encompasses a review of the related literature, interviews with a sample of heads of supervisors at the Ministry of Electricity and Water and at the oil sector to assess the quality of SSII & SII, graduates. Finally, the research will argue that unless the Sabah Al-Salem Industrial Institute, SSII, and the Shuwaikh Industrial Institute, SII, recognize and appreciate the value of building a strong linkage with local industries, its contribution in tackling the shortage of skilled and semi-skilled indigenous in essential sectors on the economy will be below the government expectations, thus continuing relaying on expatriates for years ahead.

How Successful is the Management of Technical and Vocational Institutions, Kuwait, in Reducing Dependence on Expatriates?

There is a common perception that technical and vocational education is the ultimate solution for providing industries and business with skilled and semi-skilled manpower. It is considered as a dual type of education system that would allow students to transfer what they have learned in their schools and colleges into real work environment. It is a combination of education that encompasses theory and practice where students spend a certain time in industrial and business premises to acquire the needed knowledge, skills and attitudes. Due to the shortage of skilled and semi-skilled indigenous manpower, the gulf states (e.g., Kuwait, Qatar, United Arab Emirates) have forged technical and vocational education colleges and institutions with the aim to supply essential sectors of their economy (e.g., oil, electricity and water, health sector, infrastructure), with qualified national manpower able to manage, maintain, and adapt the imported technology to suite local environments. However, the success of technical and vocational institution in achieving an acceptable outcome would, to great extent, depend on the quality of the management of technical and vocational institutions. The fact is managing technical and vocational education is completely different from managing a formal education (e.g., formal colleges and universities). This research paper examines how successful is the management of technical and vocational colleges and institutions in providing local industries with indigenous skilled and semi-skilled qualified manpower. The research is based on extensive field work that encompasses a review of the related literature, interviews with sample of heads of supervisors/heads of departments at the Ministry of Health, Ministry of Communications, Ministry of Electricity and Water, and the oil sector in order to assess the quality of graduates from technical and vocational colleges and institutions. Finally, the research will argue that unless the management of technical and vocational colleges and institutions recognize and appreciate the value of building a strong linkage with local industries, its contribution in tackling the shortage of skilled and semi-skilled indigenous in essential sectors on the economy will be below the government expectations, thus continuing relaying on expatriates for years ahead.

How successful is the Higher Institute of Communications and Navigation, Kuwait, in reducing dependence on expatriates

The need for skilled and semi-skilled indigenous manpower in the gulf states (e.g., Kuwait. Qatar, United Arab Emirates) is highly noted in the related literature. Technical and vocational education is considered as a dual type of education system that allow students to transfer what they have learned in classrooms, workshops, and laboratories into real work environment. It is the ultimate solution, particularly for the gulf states, to overcome and/or reduce the rate of dependance on expatriates especially in essential sectors in their economy (e.g., oil, electricity and water, health sector). The governments of the gulf states have realized the urgent need to forge technical and vocational colleges and institutions hoping to close the gap with industries and business. Technical and vocational education is completely different from formal education and thus requires a careful design, planning, and monitoring to ensure meeting industrial and business current and future requirements. However, the success of technical and vocational education would depend, to great extent, on the type of management since it requires a specific knowledge, skills, and attitudes that are distinguished technical and vocational education from any other types of education. The Higher Institute of Communications and Navigation, HIC&N, was forged by the Kuwaiti Government with the aim to equipped local manpower with the know-how and know-why that are mostly needed by local industries. The research is focus on measuring the perception of a sample of heads of departments at the Ministry of Communications towards the quality of HIC&N graduates. The research is based on extensive field work that encompasses a review of the related literature, interviews with a sample of heads of departments at the Ministry Communications to assess the quality of field training program and the standard of the HIC&N graduates. Finally, the research will argue that unless the HIC&N recognize and appreciate the value of building a strong linkage with local industries, its contribution in tackling the shortage of skilled and semi-skilled indigenous in essential sectors on the economy will be below the government expectations, thus continuing relaying on expatriates for years ahead.

Early Prediction of Student Learning Performance Through Data Mining: A Systematic Review.

Early prediction of students’ learning performance using data mining techniques is an important topic these days. The purpose of this literature review is to provide an overview of the current state of research in that area. We conducted a literature review following a two-step procedure, looking for papers using the major search engines and selection based on certain criteria. The document search process yielded 133 results, 82 of which were selected in order to answer some essential research questions in the area. The selected papers were grouped and described by the type of educational systems, the data mining techniques applied, the variables or features used, and how early accurate prediction was possible. Most of the papers analyzed were about online learning systems and traditional face-to-face learning in secondary and tertiary education; the most commonly-used predictive algorithms were J48, Random Forest, SVM, and Naive Bayes (classification), and logistic and linear regression (regression). The most important factors in early prediction were related to student assessment and data obtained from student interaction with Learning Management Systems. Finally, how early it was possible to make predictions depended on the type of educational system.

Reconnoitering the Impact of Education on Observance of Purdah (Veil)

The study was designed to explore perceptions of different stakeholders regarding the impact of education on the observance of Purdah in the wake of modernization. To examine the phenomena, the Survey methodology was used for investigation. The quantitative data was obtained through a five-point Likert scale questionnaire from different sampled groups i.e. intellectuals, lawyers, politicians, community leaders, and literary persons. The data was analyzed through univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses. The association between independent and dependent variables was measured through Chi-square (χ2) whereas multivariate analysis was employed while controlling marital status. The overall findings signposted a non-significant and positive relationship between increased schooling breaks down traditional values and norms, including family values and change in observance of Purdah. On another hand, a significant and positive relationship was identified between education as one of the important indicators of modernization in Pakhtun society and the dependent variable. Similarly, the relationship between modernization leads to the emergence of different types of education systems in Pakistan, and the observance of Purdah was noticed as significant and positive. The overall test statistics of the multivariate analysis revealed a highly significant, positive, and non-spurious relationship.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ANCIENT AND MODERN EDUCATION SYSTEM: WITH REFERENCE TO INDIA

Education is the process of facilitating learning, or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, morals, beliefs, and habits. Educational methods include teaching, training, storytelling, discussion and directed research. In ancient India, both formal and informal ways of education system existed. Indigenous education was imparted at home, in temples, Pathshalas, Tolas, Chatuspadis and Gurukuls. There were people in homes, villages and temples who guided young children in imbibing pious ways of life. A Gurukula or Gurukulam is a type of education system in ancient India with Shishya (students or disciples) living near or with the guru, in the same house. At the end of ones education, a Shishya offers the Gurudakshina before leaving the Gurukula.Over a period of time two system of education developed, the Vedic and the Buddhist. As the name indicates in the former system Vedas, Vedanta, Upanishads and other allied subjects were taught while in the latter system, thoughts of all the major school of Buddhism was taught.Vidyapeeth was the place of spiritual learning founded by great Acharya, Sri Shankara in places like Sringeri, Kanchi, Dwarka, and Puri, etc. Agraharas was an institution of Brahmins in villages where they used to teach.Modern education is very different from the traditional education.AryaSamajwas founded by Maharishi DayanandSaraswati on 10 April 1875.The traditional education and the modern education, both should be given equal importance.

Moving on, Switching Gear or Staying Put: Tracking Social Inequality in Secondary School Pathways in Three European Cities

It is commonly known that education reproduces, rather than diminishes, social inequality, but how this takes place may vary between educational systems. This paper uses data from a unique longitudinal cross-national project to analyze differences in pathways through the upper years of secondary education between Bergen (Norway), Ghent (Flanders, Belgium) and Barcelona (Spain). Analyses show that social background has the greatest impact on destination in both Years 11 and 12 of upper secondary education, and engagement does not mediate this relationship. Further, we find more commonalities than differences between the cities, despite them representing different types of educational systems.

Os ensinos público e privado no Brasil e a incidência de sobre-educação no mercado de trabalho

A baixa qualidade da educação costuma ser apontada como um dos fatores responsáveis pela incidência de sobre-educação, pois trabalhadores com determinado nível educacional não estariam capacitados para exercer as atividades compatíveis com os anos de estudo que completaram. O objetivo desse artigo é investigar a relação entre a rede de ensino e a probabilidade de sobre-educação no Brasil, explorando as diferenças de qualidade entre instituições públicas e privadas. De acordo com os resultados, entre os indivíduos com ensino médio, os egressos de escolas públicas tem maior probabilidade de serem sobre-educados, enquanto para o ensino superior é verificado o contrário.

무크를 활용한 한국어 수업 사례 연구 - 중국에서의 <한국어 입문> 강좌를 중심으로 -

MOOC (Massive Open Online Courses) is a new type of education system that allows students to take free lectures at prestigious universities around the world online. Introduction to Korean, available on the WEMOOC platform, is the first Korean Education MOOC now in China. From March 2016 to spring semester 2019, more than 78,000 students have registered online. In this paper, the investigation of the “Introduction to Korean” course, which has been implemented for 7 semesters in the MOOC platform, is divided into several parts-including operation status, lecture composition and learner status-to find out existing problems and explore the development direction of Korean education in the MOOC platform through cases in actual operation. This kind of discussion requires further debate and follow-up research on what the quality of education imparted through the Internet as well as the effect of on line learning. This paper, through its focus on MOOC, aims to serves a reference point for new forms of Korean language education using educational innovation and technology.

Association Between Type of Educational System and Prevalence and Severity of Myopia Among Male Adolescents in Israel

A substantial portion of the public is diagnosed with myopia, which increases the risk of potential sight-threatening complications. The association between study style and the development of myopia is unclear. To analyze the association between studying in different educational systems and the prevalence and severity of myopia among Jewish male adolescents in Israel. A nationwide, population-based study was conducted of 22 823 male candidates for military service in Israel aged 17 to 18 years attending the military draft board in 2013 who underwent a medical examination and a visual acuity assessment. Statistical analysis was performed from January 1 to March 31, 2018. The participants studied in 1 of 3 Israeli educational systems: secular, Orthodox, or ultra-Orthodox. The ultra-Orthodox system and, to a lesser extent, the Orthodox system involve intensive reading starting in early childhood compared with the secular system. The odds ratio (OR) for the association between educational system and the prevalence and severity of myopia. Among the 22 823 participants (mean [SD] age, 17.7 [0.6] years), there was a higher proportion of adolescents in the ultra-Orthodox educational system with myopia (1871 of 2276 [82.2%]) compared with adolescents in the Orthodox educational system (1604 of 3189 [50.3%]) and those in the secular educational system (5155 of 17 358 [29.7%]). Compared with adolescents in the secular educational system, those in the Orthodox educational system were more likely to have myopia (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 2.1-2.5; P < .001), as were those in the ultra-Orthodox educational system (OR, 9.3; 95% CI, 8.2-10.7; P < .001), after adjustment for age, country of origin, socioeconomic status, years of education, and body mass index. The multivariable adjusted OR for high myopia (refractive error of at least -6.0 diopters) was 4.6 (95% CI, 3.8-5.5; P < .001) for adolescents in the Orthodox educational system and 38.5 (95% CI, 30.7-48.2; P < .001) for adolescents in the ultra-Orthodox educational system compared with adolescents in the secular educational system. This study provides evidence of the independent association between educational systems and the prevalence and severity of myopia. Male adolescents in the ultra-Orthodox educational system have higher odds of having myopia and high myopia. These findings suggest that study styles that involve intensive reading and other near-work activities (those done at a short working distance) play a role in the development of myopia and warrant consideration of prevention strategies.