Types Of Disease Conditions Research Articles

Management of Pilonidal Sinus Disease with Homoeopathy: An Evidence- Based Case Report

Abstract: Pilonidal disease is an infection that occurs beneath the skin in the gluteal cleft just above the anus. It affects 7% of the population. In conventional mode of treatment there are several surgical or non-surgical treatments available but with high recurrence rate and post-surgical complications. Owing to the limited therapeutic efficacy of conventional treatment for PSD, an alternative approach is warranted. In this case, A 25years male patient attended OPD with pricking pain and oozing of foul-smelling discharge from three orifices above anus at sacral region since last 1 year. He had occasional reddish rash in sinus tract region. Based on his clinical symptoms and physical examination we diagnosed the case as Pilonoidal Sinus Disease. After thorough case taking, evaluation and analysis of the case the patient was prescribed Graphites and a marked improvement was noticed. Complain resolved within 1 and a half month and the patient was followed-up for one year with no recurrence. As this is a type of disease condition, where patient suffer due to pain and discomfort affecting his daily life leading, outcome-related to impact on daily living (ORIDL) Scale was used to evaluate the improvement. The MONARCH was used to assess the possible causal attribution.

Integrated omics analysis revealed the Tinospora cordifolia intervention modulated multiple signaling pathways in hypertriglyceridemia patients-a pilot clinical trial.

Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is strongly associated with the various types of disease conditions and evolving as epidemics. Hence, it is important to identify molecules that lower the triglyceride and chylomicron levels. Tinospora cordifolia is an illustrious Ayurveda drug, has proved juvenile and immunomodulatory properties. Twenty four (24) patients having >499mg/dL TG and 130-230mg/dL of cholesterol were randomized and given 100mL/day (~3.0g) water extract of T. cordifolia (TCE) for 14days. Basal parameters were analyzed before and after TC intervention to analyzed primary outcomes. Further, unbiased metabolomics and proteomics profiling was explored to assess the efficacy of TCE in HTG patients. TCE intervention decreased the levels of triglycerides, and VLDL to 380.45 ± 17.44, and 31.85 ± 5.88, and increased the HDL levels to 47.50 ± 9.05mg/dL significantly (p < 0.05). Metabolomics analysis identified the significant alteration in 69 metabolites and 72 proteins in plasma of HTG patients. TCE intervention reduced the level of isoprostanes, ROS, BCAA, and fatty acid derivatives, significantly. The annotation databases, Metboanalyst predicted Akt and Rap1 signaling, and ECM-receptor interaction is the most affected in HTG patients. TCE intervention normalized these events by increasing the peroxisome biogenesis and modulating Akt and Rap1 signaling pathway. T. cordifolia intervention suppresses the baseline in HTG patients. Omics analysis showed that TCE intervention modulates the Akt and Rap signaling, and peroxisome biogenesis to control the cellular switches and signaling pathways. Hence, TCE can be used as a supplement or alternate of standard drugs being used in the management of HTG. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-022-00985-6.

Bioengineered functional humanized livers: An emerging supportive modality to bridge the gap of organ transplantation for management of end-stage liver diseases.

End stage liver diseases (ESLD) represent a major, neglected global public health crisis which requires an urgent action towards finding a proper cure. Orthotropic liver transplantation has been the only definitive treatment modality for ESLD. However, shortage of donor organs, timely unavailability, post-surgery related complications and financial burden on the patients limits the number of patients receiving the transplants. Since last two decades cell-based therapies have revolutionized the field of organ/tissue regeneration. However providing an alternative organ source to address the donor liver shortage still poses potential challenges. The developments made in this direction provide useful futuristic approaches, which could be translated into pre-clinical and clinical settings targeting appropriate applications in specific disease conditions. Earlier studies have demonstrated the applicability of this particular approach to generate functional organ in rodent system by connecting them with portal and hepatic circulatory networks. However, such strategy requires very high level of surgical expertise and also poses the technical and financial questions towards its future applicability. Hence, alternative sites for generating secondary organs are being tested in several types of disease conditions. Among different sites, omentum has been proved to be more appropriate site for implanting several kinds of functional tissue constructs without eliciting much immunological response. Hence, omentum may be considered as better site for transplanting humanized bioengineered ex vivo generated livers, thereby creating a secondary organ at intra-omental site. However, the expertise for generating such bioengineered organs are limited and only very few centres are involved for investigating the potential use of such implants in clinical practice due to gap between the clinical transplant surgeons and basic scientists working on the concept evolution. Herein we discuss the recent advances and challenges to create functional secondary organs through intra-omental transplantation of ex vivo generated bioengineered humanized livers and their further application in the management of ESLD as a supportive bridge for organ transplantation.

Stereotactic body radiotherapy for metachronous multisite oligo-recurrence: a long-surviving case with sequential oligo-recurrence in four different organs treated using locally radical radiotherapy and a review of the literature.

Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for oligometastases represents a recent trend in radiation oncology. While abundant data are available regarding the use of SBRT for the treatment of lung or liver oligometastases from various retrospective series and prospective trials, relatively little information has been accumulated for the treatment of oligometastases at sites other than the lungs and liver, particularly for sequential oligometastases in multiple organs. Oligometastases with primary lesions controlled is called “oligo-recurrence.” We describe herein the case of a lung cancer patient who developed repeated oligo-recurrence at multiple sites that were each controlled by radical radiotherapy and achieved long-term survival and discuss the merits of locally aggressive radiotherapy for this type of disease condition with reviewing the literature. Although further investigation should be undertaken to clarify the benefits, objectives, and methods of SBRT for the treatment of oligometastases, we believe utilization of SBRT may be worthwhile for patients with remote metastases who hope for treatment to acquire better local control and possible longer survival.

Genomic sequencing in clinical trials

Human genome sequencing is the process by which the exact order of nucleic acid base pairs in the 24 human chromosomes is determined. Since the completion of the Human Genome Project in 2003, genomic sequencing is rapidly becoming a major part of our translational research efforts to understand and improve human health and disease. This article reviews the current and future directions of clinical research with respect to genomic sequencing, a technology that is just beginning to find its way into clinical trials both nationally and worldwide. We highlight the currently available types of genomic sequencing platforms, outline the advantages and disadvantages of each, and compare first- and next-generation techniques with respect to capabilities, quality, and cost. We describe the current geographical distributions and types of disease conditions in which these technologies are used, and how next-generation sequencing is strategically being incorporated into new and existing studies. Lastly, recent major breakthroughs and the ongoing challenges of using genomic sequencing in clinical research are discussed.

Analysis of ante-partum maternal morbidity in rural Bangladesh.

This paper presents the results of a prospective study of maternal morbidity during the ante-partum period in rural areas of Bangladesh. The data came from a survey of Maternal Morbidity in Bangladesh, conducted by the Bangladesh Institute of Research for Promotion of Essential and Reproductive Health and Technologies (BIRPERHT) during the period from November 1992 to December 1993. Since then no such national level survey has been conducted in Bangladesh. This paper employs multiple-decrement life table technique, a convenient way of analysing the risks of different types of disease conditions that women experience during the antenatal period for different age categories. The high-risk complications such as ante-partum haemorrhage, excessive vomiting, fits/convulsion and oedema were considered in this study. In this study a cause specific model was applied to explore the differences in the risks exerted at different ages of reproductive life attributable to some selected complications of pregnancy. The results of this study indicate that women of age 25-29 years are less susceptible to most of the selected life-threatening and high-risk complications during pregnancy such as haemorrhage, fits/convulsion and oedema. However, younger women (age < 25 years) are more likely to have excessive vomiting during pregnancy, and older women (age > or = 30 years) are at greater risk of haemorrhage, fits/convulsion and oedema.

The Value of Encephalography as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Agent

The procedure of encephalography as a diagnostic and therapeutic agent has become more popular in the past few years. As in all new ventures in medicine and surgery, extravagant claims have been made for the relative merits for this addition to our armamentarium. There is no question but that encephalography has been of distinct advantage in certain conditions and guilty of providing misleading or worthless clues in pursuing the cause of other disease entities: Thus, it is the purpose of this paper to present a critical review of a series of cases, taken in consecutive order, and to discuss the relative merits of encephalography in each individual instance. It seems unnecessary to repeat the history of the development of this procedure, with its gradual evolution into the present technic, which is practically standardized. Thus, each type of disease condition in which the following cases have been applied will be briefly discussed. Brain Tumors.—There are certain instances in which the presence of an intracranial growth is suspected, with a paucity of localizing signs. No case of suspected brain tumor should be submitted to a mechanical means of diagnosis until every neurologic, opthalmologic, and roentgenographic clue has been carefully investigated. There are, however, instances in which further efforts are indicated so that a proper diagnosis and localization can be made. It has been emphasized repeatedly that encephalography is dangerous in the presence of increased intracranial pressure as evidenced by choked discs and a high spinal manometric reading. Thus, encephalography is of value in cases of suspected tumor in which the signs of pressure are absent. It is necessary, however, at times to supplement ventriculography when the encephalographic findings are not conclusive, as stressed by Dandy and illustrated in three of the following cases. Adson presented an excellent evaluation of this procedure in 1931 and I am taking the liberty to borrow his means of critical analysis. The above ten cases had variable signs and points in each history which would lead to a suspicion of brain tumor. In no case was there presence of choked discs or an increase of spinal fluid pressure above 20 cm. of water. Eight of the ten cases were explored and in six the encephalograms were found to have been of definite localizing value. In two instances (Cases 2 and 5) the localization was definitely misleading as no tumor was found. There was one instance (Case 8) in which the ventricles did not fill satisfactorily and subsequent ventriculography was necessary before a definite diagnosis could be made. The one death (Case 9) following encephalography was in a nine-year-old girl with a third ventricle tumor. The neurologic picture consisted of a child in coma who suffered from a bizarre type of convulsive seizures many times each day.