Types Of Degenerative Diseases Research Articles

Comparison of Deep Learning Models and Optimization Algorithms in the Detection of Scoliosis and Spondylolisthesis from X-Ray Images

The spine is composed of pieces of bone called vertebrae that lie between the skull and the tailbone. Various medical conditions can affect the spine. In this study, two types of degenerative diseases, scoliosis, and spondylolisthesis, were studied. Deep AI architectures have recently enabled further disease diagnosis innovation using medical images. Various traditional and deep learning studies use medical images for disease diagnosis in the literature. This study aims to classify spine X-ray images according to three possible conditions (Normal, Scoliosis, and Spondylolisthesis) and to exploit the potential of these X-ray images to detect possible diseases occurring in the spine. The performance of deep learning models and optimization algorithms used in this process was evaluated. The study uses a data set created and/or analyzed during an existing study. This data set consists of images that belong to three different classes: scoliosis, spondylolisthesis, or x-ray images of normal (i.e. healthy) individuals. A total of 338 spine X-ray images, 188 scoliosis images, 79 spondylolisthesis images, and 71 normal images. Six different deep-learning architectures have been used in the study. These architectures are Alexnet, GoogLeNet, ResNet-18, ResNet-50, ResNet-101, and EfficientNet-bo. While working on these deep architectures, each model has been evaluated using different optimization algorithms. These optimization algorithms are RmsProp, SGDM, and Adam. According to the classification processes, the deep learning model with the highest accuracy value was Alexnet, and the optimization algorithm used with it, Sgdm (99.01%), and the training time lasted 38 seconds. According to the classification processes, the deep learning model with the fastest completion time (30 seconds) was Alexnet and the optimization algorithm used with it was RmsProp. An accuracy rate of 98.02% has been obtained in the training of this model.

Prophetic Prayer as a Physical Exercise to Obtain Bone and Joint Health

Abstract. Osteoarthritis and osteoporosis are two conditions that come to people as they getting older. These conditions are types of degenerative diseases. Osteoarthritis is not the same as osteoporosis. To prevent their prevalence, education to increase the knowledge of the community about the conditions is necessary. Education is essential to prevent complications of the diseases. One of the recent trends is boarding courses for the senior community called as Pesantren Lansia. This Pesantren Lansia gives the members religious knowledge and practices. As a Muslim, praying five times a day is a routine which can also be considered as a physical exercise, including an exercise for some joints and muscles. This type of exercise has the benefits for a healthy body. This research was completed through the education and practice courses for seniors who joined Pesantren Lansia. Prophetic prayer was learned and practised during the course. Participants also completed a pre-test and post-test examination. This community service is a joint program between Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta and a charity foundation called Yayasan Amal Abadi Indonesia (YAAI). The course was held on January 22nd, 2023 in Krajan, Ngemplak, Sleman. Following the course, the participants had better knowledge of osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. Participants had better knowledge of prophetic prayer practice, too. Participants could perform better prayer and understood the correlation between prophetic prayer and prevention of osteoarthritis and osteoporosis complication. Education and practising under guidance are needed to improve the knowledge of osteoarthritis and osteoporosis among senior participants. The five-time prayer is correlated to the health of bone and joint. HERE
 

Non-Invasive Hybrid Ultrasound Stimulation of Visual Cortex In Vivo.

The optic nerve is the second cranial nerve (CN II) that connects and transmits visual information between the retina and the brain. Severe damage to the optic nerve often leads to distorted vision, vision loss, and even blindness. Such damage can be caused by various types of degenerative diseases, such as glaucoma and traumatic optic neuropathy, and result in an impaired visual pathway. To date, researchers have not found a viable therapeutic method to restore the impaired visual pathway; however, in this paper, a newly synthesized model is proposed to bypass the damaged portion of the visual pathway and set up a direct connection between a stimulated visual input and the visual cortex (VC) using Low-frequency Ring-transducer Ultrasound Stimulation (LRUS). In this study, by utilizing and integrating various advanced ultrasonic and neurological technologies, the following advantages are achieved by the proposed LRUS model: 1. This is a non-invasive procedure that uses enhanced sound field intensity to overcome the loss of ultrasound signal due to the blockage of the skull. 2. The simulated visual signal generated by LRUS in the visual-cortex-elicited neuronal response in the visual cortex is comparable to light stimulation of the retina. The result was confirmed by a combination of real-time electrophysiology and fiber photometry. 3. VC showed a faster response rate under LRUS than light stimulation through the retina. These results suggest a potential non-invasive therapeutic method for restoring vision in optic-nerve-impaired patients using ultrasound stimulation (US).

Penerapan Metode Certainty Factor untuk Sistem Pakar Diagnosa Penyakit Degeneratif

Degenerative disease is a health condition in which organs or tissues related to the human condition continue to decline over time. This disease occurs due to changes in the body's cells which ultimately affect organ function as a whole. The current problem is the lack of public knowledge of the symptoms and types of degenerative diseases as well as the awareness to check health conditions because it is hampered by the relatively expensive cost of examinations. The purpose of this research is to design an expert system for diagnosing degenerative diseases using the Certainty Factor method so that it can make it easier for people to diagnose degenerative diseases. The research method used is the Research and Development method where the data sources used are primary and secondary data with data collection methods through observation and interviews. Research applies the certainty factor method to the diagnosis of two regenerative diseases, namely stroke and coronary heart disease, the results obtained from the calculation of the certainty factor method based on the MB weight of each disease symptom and conducting trials on three patients have obtained a CF percentage value above 90% having symptoms of Stoke disease while the results of the expert system implementation are designed on a mobile platform so that users can easily consult disease diagnoses

Factor Frequency For The Pre-Elderly And Elderly At Posyandu Elderly X Yogyakarta

Background: Factors which are directly related to the food frequency is age, where at the age of 50 years the human body starts with health problems due to decreased organ function that affect to the food frequency and environment. In this condition of degenerative disease began to emerge, such as: arthritis, osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, hypertension, cancer, kidney, Alzheimer’s, digestive disorders and endocrine disorders/metabolic. Objective: To find out factors related to the food frequency for the pre-elderly and elderly at Posyandu Elderly Hatsera Kampung Gendeng RW 17 Sub Baciro, Gondokusuman District Yogyakarta. Methods: This study was based on observational research with cross sectional design, aimed to explore the factors that affect the variables that exist (education, income, self-sufficiency and types of degenerative diseases). The research sample was pre-seniors and seniors who met the study criteria. Data were analyzed by chi-square test. Total samplings were 61 people. Results: The samples were consisting of pre-elderly and elderly aged 45-57 years were 29 people (47.5%) and aged 58-69 years were 32 people (52.5%). Analysis of data with the level of significant 95% (α= 0,05) obtained are: 1. There was correlation between education with food frequency (p=0.045), the significance of these variables were moderate (c=0.322). 2. The correlation between income with food frequency (p=0.047), the significance of these variables were moderate (c=0.397). 3. There was correlation between self-sufficiency with food-frequency (p=0.003), the significance of these variables were moderate (c=0.458). 4. There was correlation between types of degenerative diseases with food-frequency (p=0.016), the significance of these variables were moderate (c=0.365). Conclusion: There were significant correlation between levels of education, income, self-sufficiency, and types of degenerative diseases with food frequency.Key words: Food frequency pre-elderly and elderly, education, income, self-sufficiency, types of degenerative diseases.

Characteristics, Nutritional Status and Degenerative Diseases in the Elderly at the Curug Health Center, Serang Regency, Banten

Degenerative disease is a disease that accompanies the aging process this disease occurs with age. Degenerative disease is a medical term used to describe a process of decline in nerve cell function without a known cause, from a previous normal state to a worse state. Several types of degenerative diseases include: osteoporosis, stroke, heart disease, gout, DM, cholesterol, obesity, etc. One of the causes of degenerative diseases is due to the acquisition of micro and macro nutrients that are not balanced. The wrong diet increases the risk of this disease. From the several types of diseases above, we can conclude that most of them are influenced by food consumption. People are now fond of consuming foods high in fat such as fried foods, junk food, instant foods. The purpose of this study was to see the relationship between respondent characteristics, nutritional status and degenerative diseases. This research is a cross sectional study, with the population as the target group of Posbindu activities at the Curug Health Center, Serang Regency, Banten and the number of samples is 124 elderly. The results showed that the majority of respondents were elderly 60-69 years as much as 78.2%. The majority of respondents have nutritional status with BMI in the normal category as much as 66.1%. Normal blood pressure (as much as 46.8% for systolic pressure and 45.2% for diastolic pressure). The respondent's cholesterol, blood sugar and uric acid levels are in normal conditions but must remain vigilant. There is no significant relationship between BMI (nutritional status) with age, sex, and systolic blood pressure. There is a significant relationship between systolic and diastolic blood pressure on age and gender in the elderly at the Curug Health Center, Serang Banten. Keywords: Nutritional Status, Degenerative Disease, Elderly

CORRELATION BETWEEN DEGENERATIVE DISEASES OF THE LUMBAR SPINE AND TYPES OF LUMBAR LORDOSIS

ABSTRACT Objective: Evaluate the relationship between the incidence of different types of degenerative diseases of the spine and lumbopelvic biomechanics, according to the types of lordosis of Roussouly's classification. Methods: Retrospective study of medical records and results of imaging exams of patients seen at a private hospital in São Paulo. The sagittal alignment of these patients was evaluated by classifying them according to Roussouly into 4 types, based on panoramic radiographs of the spine. These results were correlated with the patient's degenerative diagnosis (Herniated disc, Canal stenosis, Spondylolisthesis, degenerative discopathy and Facet arthrosis). Statistical tests were performed comparing the types of curvature and diagnoses identified. Results: 418 patients were evaluated, 51.4% male and 49.6% female. The vast majority of patients, about 54%, had a diagnosis of herniated lumbar disc. There was a statistically significant difference that showed a predilection for surgical treatment in cases classified as Type I and Type II in the Roussouly classification. There was no statistically significant difference that correlated the types of lumbar lordosis with the diagnosis presented by the patients. Conclusion: There is no statistically significant difference that correlates the type of lumbar lordosis according to Roussouly with lumbar degenerative diseases. In contrast, patients classified as Type 1 and Type 2 by Roussouly underwent a greater number of surgical treatments compared to patients type 3 and 4, with statistical relevance. Level of evidence 2; Retrospective prognostic study.

Nanostructural Differentiation and Toxicity of Amyloid-\u03b225-35 Aggregates Ensue from Distinct Secondary Conformation

Amyloid nanostructures are originated from protein misfolding and aberrant aggregation, which is associated with the pathogenesis of many types of degenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Huntington’s disease. The secondary conformation of peptides is of a fundamental importance for aggregation and toxicity of amyloid peptides. In this work, Aβ25-35, a fragment of amyloid β(1-42) (Aβ42), was selected to investigate the correlation between secondary structures and toxicity of amyloid fibrils. Furthermore, each aggregation assemblies show different cell membrane disruption and cytotoxicity. The structural analysis of amyloid aggregates originated from different secondary structure motifs is helpful to understand the mechanism of peptides/cell interactions in the pathogenesis of amyloid diseases.

Multi-component botanical drugs for degenerative diseases

Millions of people around the world are suffering from various types of degenerative diseases. Most of these diseases also classified as chronic diseases are of longer duration and slow progression. Most of these disorders are incurable but are manageable with presently available therapies. Chronic degenerative disorders such as heart disease, cancer, asthma, arthritis, diabetes, kidney failure etc. are responsible for over 70% mortality world over. For managing a number of degenerative diseases, single molecule drugs have played a major role. However, issues of unavailability of curative therapeutics, suboptimal response, treatment resistance and adverse drug reactions remain problematic and pose a serious concern. Under such circumstances, botanical drugs can play an important role in changing the health care scenario worldwide. Investigators should focus on development of newer botanical drugs to provide holistic health to masses in safe, economic and effective manner.

Cross platform analysis of transcriptomic data identifies ageing has distinct and opposite effects on tendon in males and females

The development of tendinopathy is influenced by a variety of factors including age, gender, sex hormones and diabetes status. Cross platform comparative analysis of transcriptomic data elucidated the connections between these entities in the context of ageing. Tissue-engineered tendons differentiated from bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells from young (20–24 years) and old (54–70 years) donors were assayed using ribonucleic acid sequencing (RNA-seq). Extension of the experiment to microarray and RNA-seq data from tendon identified gender specific gene expression changes highlighting disparity with existing literature and published pathways. Separation of RNA-seq data by sex revealed underlying negative binomial distributions which increased statistical power. Sex specific de novo transcriptome assemblies generated fewer larger transcripts that contained miRNAs, lincRNAs and snoRNAs. The results identify that in old males decreased expression of CRABP2 leads to cell proliferation, whereas in old females it leads to cellular senescence. In conjunction with existing literature the results explain gender disparity in the development and types of degenerative diseases as well as highlighting a wide range of considerations for the analysis of transcriptomic data. Wider implications are that degenerative diseases may need to be treated differently in males and females because alternative mechanisms may be involved.

The Effect of Age on Osteogenic and Adipogenic Differentiation Potential of Human Adipose Derived Stromal Stem Cells (hASCs) and the Impact of Stress Factors in the Course of the Differentiation Process

Human adipose tissue is a great source of autologous mesenchymal stem cells (hASCs), which are recognized for their vast therapeutic applications. Their ability to self-renew and differentiate into several lineages makes them a promising tool for cell-based therapies in different types of degenerative diseases. Thus it is crucial to evaluate age-related changes in hASCs, as the elderly are a group that will benefit most from their considerable potential. In this study we investigated the effect of donor age on growth kinetics, cellular senescence marker levels, and osteogenic and adipogenic potential of hASCs. It also has been known that, during life, organisms accumulate oxidative damage that negatively affects cell metabolism. Taking this into consideration, we evaluated the levels of nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species, and superoxide dismutase activity. We observed that ROS and NO increase with aging, while SOD activity is significantly reduced. Moreover cells obtained from older patients displayed senescence associated features, for example, β-galactosidase activity, enlarged morphology, and p53 protein upregulation. All of those characteristics seem to contribute to decreased proliferation potential of those cells. Our results suggest that due to aging some cellular modification may be required before applying aged cells efficiently in therapies such as tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

Protein‐misfolding diseases and chaperone‐based therapeutic approaches

A large number of neurodegenerative diseases in humans result from protein misfolding and aggregation. Protein misfolding is believed to be the primary cause of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, cystic fibrosis, Gaucher's disease and many other degenerative and neurodegenerative disorders. Cellular molecular chaperones, which are ubiquitous, stress-induced proteins, and newly found chemical and pharmacological chaperones have been found to be effective in preventing misfolding of different disease-causing proteins, essentially reducing the severity of several neurodegenerative disorders and many other protein-misfolding diseases. In this review, we discuss the probable mechanisms of several protein-misfolding diseases in humans, as well as therapeutic approaches for countering them. The role of molecular, chemical and pharmacological chaperones in suppressing the effect of protein misfolding-induced consequences in humans is explained in detail. Functional aspects of the different types of chaperones suggest their uses as potential therapeutic agents against different types of degenerative diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders.