Type DC-DC Research Articles

Inductor current estimation based sensorless control of boost type DC-DC converter

This paper presents a nonlinear fast terminal sliding mode control approach for a two-phase interleaved boost converter (2PIBC), emphasizing the utilization of inductor current estimation for achieving current sensorless control. The proposed approach introduces a state and disturbance estimation algorithm (SDEA) to effectively estimate the inductor current, external disturbances, system parameter uncertainties, and unmodeled dynamics within a 2PIBC. The combination of the proposed controller and SDEA enhances the robustness of 2PIBC, enabling it to track the desired reference voltage accurately. The stability of the proposed scheme is rigorously demonstrated through the application of Kharitono’s stability criteria. Furthermore, extensive simulations have been conducted to compare the response of the proposed controller with other state-of-the-art sensorless controllers. Finally, the hardware results are shown to validate and ensure the feasibility of the proposed work.

A 500-kHz ZVS Class-E Type DC–DC Converter With Two Anti-Series mosfets Topology

Power converters powered by batteries have been widely used in many applications, such as outdoor emergency lighting, electric motorcycle charger, unmanned aerial vehicle supply and so on. This paper presents a 500 kHz zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) Class E type DC-DC converter with two anti-series MOSFETs used for battery-powered applications. The low-side MOSFET is adopted as the main switch to realize the working operation of traditional Class E resonant converter, while the high-side anti-series MOSFET is used to implement the regulation of the converter output voltage based on pulse width modulation (PWM). Both active switches are ZVS operated so that a high efficiency can be achieved. By changing the high-side MOSFET duty cycle, the ac voltage of the resonant tank is also changed to regulate the output voltage consequently. The control method is simple, and the operating frequency is constant, which is beneficial for the design of the resonant components. A 100-W prototype is built to verify the validity of the proposed control method for which a 94.85% efficiency has been achieved.

Electromagnetic emission measurement prediction of buck-boost converter circuits using machine learning methods

ABSTRACT In this paper, a prediction system has been developed using machine learning techniques to obtain the conduction emission levels ensure they remain below the limit values specified in test standards. An LED (Light-emitting diode) driver circuit based on a buck-boost type DC-DC converter has been employed in the experiments. Standards-compliant conducted emission testing processes have been performed and measurement results have been used to generate datasets. These datasets have been organized and processed according to the targeted machine learning methods. GPR, has achieved the highest success rate of 99% among ANN and regression methods. In order to improve the performance in EMI harmonic prediction, training was conducted using deep learning, and the obtained model has a mean squared error of 0.78. The harmonics are well captured with the method and the results are in good agreement with measurements. Consequently, the number of required pre-compatibility tests for a similar topology can be significantly reduced.

Increasing PEM fuel cell performance via fuzzy-logic controlled cascaded DC-DC boost converter

The voltage level produced by Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell (FC), which is one of the clean energy sources, is low for many industrial applications. For this reason, for many industrial applications such as electric vehicles, it is necessary to use a boost type DC-DC power electronic circuit at the output of PEM FC. In this case, in addition to the PEM FC performance, the dynamic performance and efficiency of the DC-DC converter to be used affect the performance and efficiency of the total system. In this study, a single-switch cascaded DC-DC boost converter, which has both higher voltage gain and more efficiency compared to conventional cascade converter and other boost type converters, is proposed for PEM FC. Since the proposed single-switch cascaded DC-DC boost converter includes only one controlled-switch, it is efficient as well as smaller in size and less costly compared to the other types. In addition, the proposed single-switch cascaded DC-DC boost converter is tested with the traditional PID and fuzzy-logic control methods to observe the dynamic performance of PEM FC. When the fuzzy logic controller is compared with the PID controller, it is clearly seen that it gives 21% more successful results as per rise time, 71% settling time, 97% overshoot, and 26% RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) error rate. As a result, when the proposed single-switch cascaded DC-DC boost converter is regulated via fuzzy control method, a more efficient PEM FC system which has better dynamic performance can be designed.

Dual Inductor Based Two Input Two Output DC-DC Converter and its Analysis for DC Microgrid Application

Two input two output DC-DC converters with two switched inductor structure are widespread in DC micro grid and Electric Vehicle (EV) applications with merits of solid structure, lower cost and high-power density. However, owing to the low voltage levels of the non-conventional sources used in the above applications, the significance of step up type DC-DC converters is so high. In this paper, a step up converter that is expert to deliver two different voltages at the output side from two different input energy sources is proposed as a new topology. It mainly contains two inductors for improving the voltage conversion ratio. Thorough analysis of converter has been performed with support of necessary equations and circuits. The performance assessment of DC-DC converter is done with simulation and experimental platforms and required waveforms are presented. A comparative study of the proposed converter is also fulfilled to signify the better features of the converter.

Transient Enhanced Mode design based on DC-DC Buck-Boost converter

With the rapid development of electronic products, a system may suddenly start operating from a dormant state. In order to provide a stable supply voltage to a system with a rapidly changing load and to improve the transient response of the DC-DC, a Buck-Boost type DC-DC with a Transient Enhancement Mode is proposed, which improves the transient response during load switching and reduces the overshoot/undershoot voltage and recovery time. The oscillator part can respond to different load transients and output different frequency clock signals to finally achieve fast charging and slow discharging of the inductor. The specific circuit design and physical implementation of the proposed method are verified based on a 0.18μm high-voltage BCD process. The test results show that the minimum overshoot/undershoot voltage can reach 40mV and the fastest recovery time can reach 14μs, and the transient voltage and recovery time are reduced by 66% and 88% respectively compared with the DC-DC design without a fast Transient Enhancement Mode.

Electrocardiographically Signal Simulator Based on a Sliding Mode Controlled Buck DC-DC Power Converter

The aim of this study is to design a controlled continuous signal generator of electrocardiographic (ECG) signals using a buck direct-current power converter. The application of sliding mode control on a buck type DC-DC power converter yields the production of continuous variations of the output DC voltage to reproduce the required simulated ECG. The application of the equivalent control strategy generates the design of a cascade sliding mode controller regulating both current and voltage loops to enforce the tracking of the reference ECG voltage. For the proposed controller, the current control is first exerted, and then the corresponding output voltage is fixed by regulating the switching sequence at the electrical device. The proposed controller was able to operate robustly concerning perturbations in both the input and voltage dynamics. The estimation of the requested gain for the sliding mode controller is solved considering the amplitude of the reference ECG signal and its time derivative with respect to time. A reference signal was proposed to evaluate the suggested controllers in either numerical simulation or experimental validation. In both cases, the proposed reference signals were successfully reproduced.

Single Switch Module Type DC-DC Converter With Reduction in Voltage Stress

This paper proposes a new generalized switched-inductor-capacitor module for a non-isolated dc-dc converter with low voltage dc source applications. Further, the proposed module can be extended to an <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</i> number of modules to achieve high voltage gain. The derived structure has low voltage stress on power components. This structure benefits the designer by allowing him/her to choose a low <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r_DS</i> (ON) switch due to the low voltage stress across the semiconductor devices, resulting in high efficiency and low cost. In most dc/dc converters, the voltage stress on the output diode will equal the output (high) voltage ( <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V_o</i> ). But in the case of the proposed topology, the diode voltage will be the difference between <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V_o</i> and the input voltage ( <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V_g</i> ), which eases the reverse recovery problem. The key metrics of the derived topology, such as component count, voltage stresses, and gain factor, are analyzed to compare with similar existing topologies. The scaled down prototype setup is developed for 200 W with an efficiency of 93%. Finally, various experimental results are discussed for the different duty cycles.

ЕНЕРГЕТИЧНІ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ РЕЗОНАНСНОГО КОНВЕРТОРА З ДОЗОВАНОЮ ПЕРЕДАЧЕЮ ЕНЕРГІЇ

This article investigated two cases of impulse transformer location selection in the DC-DC type two-step resonant converter, which fully segregates processes of taking and transferring energy between the input and its load. The electromagnetic processes during energy taking/transferring were studied, including active and static losses in the converter elements. Based on the suggested analytical-numerical method, the criteria for selecting the impulse transformer optimal transformation ratio, from the system efficiency point of view, was derived. The proposed optimization technique can be applied to a wide variety of input and output parameters. References 3, Figures 7.

POWER FACTOR CORRECTION IN INDUCTION HEATING SYSTEM USING PFC BOOST CONVERTER

Today, with the increased energy needs, carbon emission caused by energy production affects the environment negatively. This situation has made it necessary that electrical energy should be used efficiently. In order to achieve this, institutions such as IEEE and IEC have established some electrical energy standards to be complied with, by the consumers. In order to increase energy efficiency following these standards, current and voltage harmonics in the system must be eliminated or kept at the required limit. Otherwise, these harmonics will cause deterioration of receivers fed from the distribution network or decrease in operating performance. For this reason, power factor correction (PFC) processes are applied in power systems. Induction heating systems, which have found a wide area of use in recent years, require PFC process due to their structure consisting power electronics elements and inductive heating crucible. This study aims to eliminate the network harmonics and harmonics distortions and to bring the power factor (PF) closer to '1' by using AC-DC converter with PFC in induction heating system. Induction heating system designed in the study has three phases and has a full bridge parallel resonance inverter operating at a frequency of 20 kHz and power of 17 kW. The system uses full wave uncontrolled rectifier and boost type DC-DC converter. Voltage control is provided through the PID controller. Designed system is simulated in MATLAB. Current and voltage graphics measured from network and load were evaluated, PF and THD values were analyzed.

Comparative study of three different bridge-less converters for reduction of harmonic distortion in brushless DC motor

&lt;p&gt;This paper represents a comparative study of three different types of DC-DC&lt;br /&gt;converter that can be used for reduction of Total Harmonic Distortion (THD)&lt;br /&gt;in stator current, back electromotive force (EMF) and torque of brush less&lt;br /&gt;DC motor. In addition, the topologies of these converters are analysed, and&lt;br /&gt;the THD of the output characteristics have also been studied. In this work,&lt;br /&gt;SEPIC, Zeta and Flyback converters are considered and their outputs are fed&lt;br /&gt;to the BLDCM with the help of universal bridge or six step inverter.&lt;br /&gt;Moreover the THD of the output voltages are not only measured for three&lt;br /&gt;converters but also reduced by tuning the parameters. At first these three&lt;br /&gt;converters are modeled in MATLAB/ Simulink based simulation platform&lt;br /&gt;and studied the performance individually and further executed with hardware&lt;br /&gt;circuitry. Finally the output parameters from both software simulation and&lt;br /&gt;real time hardware are compared for these three converters separately and got&lt;br /&gt;satisfactory similar results. Again we studied the performance with these&lt;br /&gt;converters in terms of efficiency while fed in the commutation drive circuitry&lt;br /&gt;of BLDCM by considering minimum THD. From this comparative&lt;br /&gt;simulation results, it has been observed that Zeta converter showed maximum&lt;br /&gt;efficiency. Therefore, in real time hardware implementation, the&lt;br /&gt;commutation drive circuitry of BLDCM is studied with Zeta converter. With&lt;br /&gt;this configuration, a comparatively low THD of stator current, back EMF and&lt;br /&gt;electromagnetic torque have been achieved in BLDCM with PID controller.&lt;/p&gt;

Performance of ACO-MPPT and Constant Voltage Method for Street Lighting Charging System

Electricity consumption continues to increase every year. Alternative energy source such as solar panel have been easily developed and do not cause pollution. By utilizing the sun's rays on its surface, solar panels can produce electricity depending on the level of surface temperature and the conditions of the intensity of solar radiation. Most street lighting electrical systems with conventional solar panels have minimal output power due to not having the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) function. In addition, the absence of a charging function results in an uncontrolled voltage magnitude affecting the parameters of electrical energy (accumulators), especially when the accumulator's State of Charge (SOC) approaches the full charging limit. Therefore, a system of street lighting is used which is capable of carrying out MPPT functions and charging functions with an electrical system that uses a CUK type DC-DC Converter. Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm as MPPT control, and the Constant Voltage (CV) method as charging control with measurements, SOC uses the coulomb counting method. The performance has proven to optimize a 200 Watt-peak solar panel power output up to 18.92 Watts, maintain a voltage value with a maximum error difference of 2% only, which can read the battery SOC accurately.

Parallelization of Boost and Buck Type DC-DC Converters by Individual Passivity-Based Control

Parallelization of Boost and Buck Type DC-DC Converters by Individual Passivity-Based Control

LED STREET LIGHTS BASED ON DC-DC CONVERTERS OF MODULAR DRIVES

This paper proposes a led street lights based on dc-dc converters of modular drives to save energy and if one of the coverters get damaged other converter doesn’t get comporise so the LED does’nt stop working and by using this method the LED doen’t get damage and increase life-period.In this paper, Light Emitting Diode (LED) electric light unit for street lights based on DC-DC converters were proposed. The driver consists of two modules which are basically converters that are DC-DC type. The foremost in position is a Buck-Boost converter which is obligated to decrease total harmonic distortion (THD) and the second module which is obligated for decreasing the voltage which leads to the control of power. These two converters operate in Discontinuous Conduction Mode(DCM), to construct the system in opposition to failure. Each circuitry contributes their individual LEDS if any of the converters is malfunctioned the system cannot be completely failed. In this paper the input ac supply of 127V is rectified and the rated power of 50 W are performed

Photovoltaic Pumping System Fed by DC-DC Push Pull Converter

This paper is to design a photovoltaic DC motor pumping system powered by DC-DC push pull converter whose output can be used for irrigation purpose. The charge controller of the system will regulate the output voltage of photovoltaic module and charge the battery. The push-pull type DC-DC converter will increase the battery output voltage and supply the terminal voltage for the DC pump as per the requirement according to the design values. The photovoltaic module is used as a source which converts the light energy received from sun radiation into electrical energy. The produced electrical energy from the photovoltaic is in Direct Current form. So here, the DC pump is used as a load instead of AC pump where the inverter is to be placed which converts the DC into AC. In between the source and load, the charge controller, battery and push-pull type DC-DC converter are connected. The photovoltaic dc pump can be used for low power applications. The motor pump operating under DC power has many advantages than AC pump.

A buck converter based on dual mode asynchronous pulse width modulator

This paper presents a buck type DC-DC converter based on an asynchronous pulse width modulator (APWM). The proposed APWM is a self-oscillating circuitry which is composed of a binary comparator (BAPWM) and a distinctive digitally controlled delay cell. The oscillating frequency of the BAPWM can be tuned by the delay of the modulator loop. By increasing the delay of the modulator loop, the switching frequency decreases and the BAPWM can be reconfigured as a low frequency APWM (LFAPWM) modulator to meet the efficiency requirement at light loads. Also, to save the switching power consumption the high-side power switch size is scaled according to the load conditions. Since the carrier signal is internally generated by the APWM itself, there is no major concern about the ramp signal discontinuity which is make duty cycle disturbance. In addition to, from the point of view of the output spectrum, the proposed converter provides a better performance compared to the conventional PWM (CPWM) and PFM due to its noise shaping property. The proposed converter is designed and simulated in a 0.13-µm CMOS technology to convert an input voltage of 5 V to the output voltage of 2.5 V with the maximum load current of 1 A. The conversion efficiency with full loading range for the 2.5 V output voltage is higher than 85% whereas the peak efficiency is about 92%.

State-space averaged modeling and transfer function derivation of DC-DC boost converter for high-brightness led lighting applications

This paper presents dynamic analysis of a boost type DC-DC converter for high-brightness LED (HBLED) driving applications. The steady state operation in presence of all system parasitics has been discussed for continuous conduction mode (CCM). The state-space averaging, energy conservation principle and standard linearization are used to derive ac small signal control to inductor current open-loop transfer function of the converter. The derived transfer function can be further used in designing a robust feed-back control network for the system. In the end frequency and transient responses of the derived transfer function are obtained for a given set of component values, hence to provide a useful guide for control design engineers.

Experimental Investigation on Buck Converter Using Neuro - Fuzzy Controller

Buck type DC-DC converter circuit topology is non-linear due to their switched circuit structure. Conventional control systems are insufficient to control non-linear systems. Neural Networks have important abilities such as learning, optimizing and adaptability. Fuzzy logic and neural networks are used as an adaptive structure based on the fuzzy logic controller. This adaptive structure adjusts the properties of the fuzzy rules and the characteristics of the control system so that the Neuro-Fuzzy controller can be adapted to all different system conditions. In this study, experimental studies were carried out on the dSPACE experiment platform to show the dynamic performance of the Neuro-Fuzzy controller and the conventional PI controller in different system conditions (such as reference voltage tracking and output load change) of buck type DC-DC converter.

Grid Connected Distributed Generation System with High Voltage Gain Cascaded DC-DC Converter Fed Asymmetric Multilevel Inverter Topology

The paper presents distributed generation (DG) system in grid connected mode of operation with asymmetric multi-level inverter (AMLI) topology. Cascaded type DC-DC converter is employed to feed proposed AMLI topology. The DG output voltage (generally low voltage) is stepped up to the required level of voltage using high-gain DC-DC converter. Proposed AMLI topology consists of capacitors at the primary side. The output of high-gain DC-DC converter is fed to split voltage balance single-input multi-output (SIMO) circuit to maintain voltage balance across capacitors of AMLI topology. Cascaded DC-DC converters (both high-gain converter and SIMO circuit) are operated in closed-loop mode. The proposed AMLI feeds active power to grid converting DC type of power generated from DG to AC type to feed the grid. PWM pattern to trigger power switches of AMLI is also presented. The inverting circuit of MLI topology is controlled using simplified Id-Iq control strategy in this paper. With the proposed control theory, the active power fed to grid from DG is controlled and power factor is maintained at unity. The proposed system of DG integration to grid through cascaded DC-DC converters and AMLI structure is validated from fixed active power to grid from DG condition. The proposed system is developed and results are obtained using MATLAB/SIMULINK software.

GA-BASED FUZZY LOGIC CONTROLLER WITH BOOSTER TYPE DC-DC CONVERTER

In this study, a booster–type DC-DC converter is designed by Matlab/Simulink Environment and an output voltage control has been analyzed for different load conditions. The designed DC-DC converter is controlled for different scenarios such as variable input-constant output voltage and constant input-variable output voltage references. The converter controller performance is observed with using classical Proportional+Integral (PI) controller and Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC). On the other hand, the controller parameters are determined by employing Genetic Algorithm (GA) according to Integral of the Time weighted Absolute Error (ITAE) to improve the controller performance. Thus, more efficient and intelligent controllers are obtained for the DC-DC converter system. The system simulation is realized by the Matlab/Simulink and results are compared with each other.