Types Of Commercial Vehicles Research Articles

Exploring variation of length of haul and associated freight transport emission of Indian establishments: A survival analysis approach

Rise in length of haul (LOH) of business establishments and the associated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are a major concern for planners and policymakers, require extensive investigation. This paper quantifies various factors like business age, gross floor area, employment, the build environment variable on LOH, and associated GHG emission using EBFS data. Survival analysis has been utilized for the analysis. The aggregated LOH model provides a comparative analysis of LOH across different industry sectors and demonstrate that gross floor area, business age, and employment are positively associated with LOH. Subsequently, disaggregated LOH models are reveal the influencing parameter of LOH of a particular industry category. Lastly, GHG models show the influence of fleet ownership level on GHG emissions across different industry sectors. The outcomes will be beneficial for planners and policymakers to develop industry-specific regulations on land use, employment restructuring, and subsidies for owning different types of commercial vehicles.

Analisis kekuatan struktur ramp door haluan pada kapal Ferry Ro-Ro 1500 GT dengan variasi beban menggunakan Finite Element Method

Ramp Door is a door to put a vehicle into a Ro-Ro ship or any other type of ship that transports vehicles. The use of Ramp Door is needed to facilitate the process of unloading and loading vehicles from the crossing dock to the ship and vice versa. This study aims to analyze the strength of Ramp Door structure with load variations from various types of vehicles in order to compress the maximum stress results and safety factors. The method used is the FEM method with the help of an element-based application up to. The results of the study obtained the maximum stress value of Ramp Door Bow with MPV vehicle type at an even load is 43.26 MPa. In this type of SUV vehicle, the maximum stress with an even load is 50.37 MPa. In sedan vehicle type the maximum stress with an even load is 37.61 MPa. in commerial vehicle type the maximum stress with an even load is 45.70 MPa. In this type of small truck vehicle, the maximum stress with an even load is 81.53 MPa. In large truck vehicles the maximum stress with an even load is 302.48 MPa. In this type of vehicle, the maximum stress bus with an even load is 178.08 MPa. For the largest safety factor value is a type of Commercial vehicle with a value of 8.91. While the smallest safety factor value is the type of Big Truck vehicle with a safety factor value of 1.01.

Effect of Mixed Traffic Platooning by Commercial Vehicle Types on Traffic Flow Characteristics of Highways

The existence of different types of Commercial Vehicles (CVs) in the shared roadway affects traffic flow characteristics differently from other vehicles. Owing to the uncertain placement and movement of these CVs in both longitudinal and lateral directions, the opportunities for lane changing and overtaking by other vehicles with lower maneuverability decrease, resulting in the formation of platoons. The study's primary aim is to assess the effect of mixed traffic platoons formed by three different classes of CVs on highway traffic speed, flow, and density under two different traffic regimes (regimes A and B). In this study, regime A represents the non-platooning condition, and regime B represents the platooning condition. Bi-directional traffic data was collected from the highway sections in India using an Infra-Red sensor-based device. The critical leading time headway is determined for the different CVs (platoon leaders) based on the mean absolute relative speed of platoons. The speed-flow-density plots are established using the macroscopic fundamental diagrams for the highway sections under regimes A and B to quantify the platooning impacts of CVs on the traffic characteristics. The study findings reveal that the speed at capacity, density at capacity, and traffic capacity decreased significantly due to CVs' influence on the general traffic mix during the mixed traffic platooning conditions. However, this effect was found to be relatively higher during the Heavy Commercial Vehicle operation as a platoon leader compared to Medium Commercial Vehicle and Light Commercial Vehicle as a platoon leader.

A Study on Commercial Vehicle Speeds and Its Operational Characteristics


 
 
 A commercial vehicle is the backbone of the logistics industry which drives a vibrant economy of a country. Nevertheless, commercial or heavy vehicle-related accident is drawing serious attention. The height, weight and width dimension of the commercial vehicles reduce the visibility of other drivers and thereby increase the risk of an accident. Furthermore, due to the evolution of technology, larger trucks are now equipped with higher horsepower where a lot of speeding-related accidents were reported. This study is set to evaluate the speed profile for different types of commercial vehicles at different road hierarchy. The results indicate that in general most of the heavy vehicles (4.39%-98.61%) travelled fast and did not comply with the speed limits posted on different types of road hierarchy. The lower the posted speed limit the higher the percentage of non-compliance rates which means that the compliance increase as the speed limit increase. The majority of the commercial vehicles (28%-57%) occupied the middle lanes and those smaller sizes of vehicles (as compared to other sizes of commercial vehicles) had more tendencies to travel on the fast lane.
 
 

Factors Affecting Crash Involvement of Commercial Vehicle Drivers: Evaluation of Commercial Vehicle Drivers’ Characteristics in South Korea

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of driver-related factors on crash involvement of four different types of commercial vehicles—express buses, local buses, taxis, and trucks—and to compare outcomes across types. Previous studies on commercial vehicle crashes have generally been focused on a single type of commercial vehicle; however, the characteristics of drivers as factors affecting crashes vary widely across types of commercial vehicles as well as across study sites. This underscores the need for comparative analysis between different types of commercial vehicles that operate in similar environments. Toward these ends, we analyzed 627,594 commercial vehicle driver records in South Korea using a mixed logit model able to address unobserved heterogeneity in crash-related data. The estimated outcomes showed that driver-related factors have common effects on crash involvement: greater experience had a positive effect (diminished driver crash involvement), while traffic violations, job change, and previous crash involvement had negative effects. However, the magnitude of the effects and heterogeneity varied across different types of commercial vehicles. The findings support the contention that the safety management policy of commercial drivers needs to be set differently according to the vehicle type. Furthermore, the variables in this study can be used as promising predictors to quantify potential crash involvement of commercial vehicles. Using these variables, it is possible to proactively identify groups of accident-prone commercial vehicle drivers and to implement effective measures to reduce their involvement in crashes.

Control of steering wheel idle jitter based on optimization of engine suspension system with verifications using multi-sensor measurement

Strong steering wheel jitter during idling states of the engine can seriously deteriorate the driving comfort as well as the driving safety. The powertrain suspension system can be considered as the only essential path for the transmission of vibrations from the engine to the vehicle cab. Its vibration isolation performance directly affects the severity of vibrations on the steering wheel. In this article, aiming at solving the problem of a certain type of commercial vehicle’s steering wheel with strong idle jitter at the idle state, the intrinsic characteristics and vibration isolation performances of the powertrain suspension system were studied in detail. A multi-sensor-based measurement strategy was utilized to evaluate the idle jitter severity of the steering wheel. In order to improve the indicators of the decoupling degree, the vibration transmissibility, and the resonant frequency distributions of the engine suspension system, an optimization model of engine suspension system was established. Parameters of the optimized suspension system were obtained by multi-objective particle swarm optimization. Finally, the effectiveness and feasibility of the optimization algorithm to solve the problem of the vehicle’s steering wheel jitter at idle states were verified through a test using multiple acceleration sensors, which has practical values in the engineering field.

Tour-based microsimulation of urban commercial movements

A system for modelling commercial movements has been developed for Calgary in Canada. The result is a representation that is novel in this context, including a tour-based microsimulation of individual vehicle movements that provides a wide-ranging and detailed representation and yet avoids explicit consideration of shipments and the related complexities regarding the conversion of commodity flows to shipments, the allocation of shipments to vehicles or routings and the treatment of less-than-load movements and empty vehicles. This development effort drew on the data obtained in a set of surveys collecting information on the roughly 37 000 tours and 185 000 trips (within these tours) made in the Calgary Region by commercial vehicles on a typical weekday in 2001. The resulting system of models includes an agent-based microsimulation framework, using a tour-based approach, based on what has been learned from the data. It accounts for truck routes, responds to related policy and provides insight into aspects of commercial vehicle movements. All types of commercial vehicles are represented, including light vehicles, heavier single unit and multi-unit configurations. All sectors of the economy are incorporated, including retail, industrial, service and wholesaling. This modelling system is integrated with an aggregate equilibrium model of household-related travel, with the microsimulation processes done in external Java applications.

Development of a Fleet Allocator Model for Calgary, Canada

The Calgary commercial vehicle model is an attempt to model all commercial vehicle movements in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, as part of a larger model system that includes a personal travel model. One type of commercial vehicle initially modeled in a simple, gravity-based fashion because of limited data is the fleet allocator. Fleet allocators are commercial vehicles that make many stops in a coordinated pattern. These include services such as garbage pickup, newspaper and mail delivery, and couriers. From an existing linear regression trip generation model and a gravity-based distribution model, a more complex tour-based model system consistent with the approach for the remainder of the commercial vehicles was adopted. With available aggregate fleet allocator information provided with the cooperation of the City of Edmonton, Canada, along with the parameters estimated for other types of commercial vehicles in the existing tour-based Calgary commercial vehicle model, a full tour-based fleet allocator model was developed and calibrated to match the available observed data. The process used was a successful demonstration of using an existing model to cover a different set of movements by calibrating the model parameters using the additional available data.