Type Of Coevolution Research Articles

The Importance of Weakly Co-Evolving Residue Networks in Proteins is Revealed by Visual Analytics

Small changes in a protein’s core packing produce changes in function, and even small changes in function bias species fitness and survival. Therefore individually deleterious mutations should be evolutionarily coupled with compensating mutations that recover fitness. Co-evolving pairs of mutations should be littered across evolutionary history. Despite longstanding intuition, the results of co-evolution analyses have largely disappointed expectations. Regardless of the statistics applied, only a small majority of the most strongly co-evolving residues are typically found to be in contact, and much of the “meaning” of observed co-evolution has been opaque. In a medium-sized protein of 300 amino acids, there are almost 20 million potentially-important interdependencies. It is impossible to understand this data in textual format without extreme summarization or truncation. And, due to summarization and truncation, it is impossible to identify most patterns in the data. We developed a visualization approach that eschews the common “look at a long list of statistics” approach and instead enables the user to literally look at all of the co-evolution statistics simultaneously. Users of our tool reported visually obvious “clouds” of co-evolution statistics forming distinct patterns in the data, and analysis demonstrated that these clouds had structural relevance. To determine whether this phenomenon generalized, we repeated this experiment in three proteins we had not previously studied. The results provide evidence about how structural constrains have impacted co-evolution, why previous “examine the most frequently co-evolving residues” approaches have had limited success, and additionally shed light on the biophysical importance of different types of co-evolution.

윤리적 관광을 통한 관광생태계의 공진화에 관한 연구: 관광객과 목적지간의 관계를 중심으로

This study explores whether the co-evolution of the tourism ecosystem could be realized through ethical tourism. For this purpose, 286 ecotourists were surveyed. Employing a Structural Equation Model, the structural relationship between ethical tourism, personal development and regional development was verified. The analysis results are as follows. First, the more concrete the tourists were aware of ethical tourism, the more positive it was for personal development. Second, the more tourists perceive personal development, the more positive it has had for regional development. Finally, ideological ethics tourism, perceived by tourists, was significant between ecological sustainability and meaningless to economic sustainability. In summing up the results, it was confirmed that the reciprocal altruism propensity is manifested when tourism actors practice ethical values. This suggests that ethical tourism is a variable that can lead tourists and tourist destinations to co-evolution. In addition, as personal development shows a strong positive relationship for regional development, tourists and community groups can see that among the types of co-evolution, it is cooperative and altruistic co-evolution.

Co Evolution of Information Society and Online Community: Concepts and Communication Practices

The impact of the Internet on the life of society is growing on a global scale, while it remains an uncontrolled area of interaction for various online communities, which requires further investigation. The purpose of the article is to conceptualize the notion of “co evolution of information society and online community” based on the theories of information society and analysis of communication practices. The objectives are to establish the factors of successful development and assess the prospects of this type of co evolution. The research uses both theoretical and practical approaches. A dialectical method was the main method of philosophical reflection. Community informatics is another scientific approach (M. Gurstein, D. Loader). To explain the phenomenon of integrity of technology and social networks in complex socio-technical systems, the actor-network theory (ANT) of Bruno Latour was used. This article gives a definition of co evolution as joint commensurate development of non-identical information processes and online communities. In the course of co evolution, “junction points” and “bifurcation points” were revealed and its social effects and prospects were assessed. The factors in successful development of the process of the information society and the online community co evolution were assessed: knowledge, technology, and information management. The conclusion about a common pace of the information society and the online community development not having been set was substantiated. The growing influence of online communities on society and a simultaneous trend towards secrecy and transformation into a new kind of social groups is a megatrend in the information society development. The results obtained are of practical importance in studying the problems of information management in the global network and regulating the activities of online communities.

Component co-evolution and component dependency: speculations and verifications

Software component interaction is essential for realising proper software system functions. Such interactions between software components induce interdependencies between multiple components. One effect of such a dependency is co-evolution, wherein changes made to one component also requires corresponding changes to other component(s). This study presents a mathematical framework for representing component co-evolution. Two types of co-evolution, internal co-evolution and external co-evolution are defined for an evolving software component. The component dependency metrics that are related with component co-evolutions are analysed and the correlations between component dependency and component co-evolution are hypothesised. Further, in a quasi-experiment of nine open-source Java projects, component dependencies are measured and component revision histories are mined to verify the speculated correlations.

CO-EVOLVING BUSINESS MODELS: A CASE STUDY WITH THE INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER (ISP) INDUSTRY

In this paper, co-evolution is used to examine the long-term evolution of business models in an industry. Two types of co-evolution are used: synchronous, whereby the entire population of business models is replaced with a new population at each generation, and asynchronous, whereby only one individual is replaced.

Ecological integrity of aquatic systems

AbstractFocusing on the ecological integrity of large river systems has suggested the rethinking of the entire issue from a landscape perspective. Ecological integrity is impossible without biological integrity. However, it appears improbable that highly localized measures of biological integrity can be used for effective, scientifically justifiable extrapolations to landscape‐ or system‐level ecological integrity. It may be more reasonable to make measurements at the level of organization of interest, i.e. larger spatial and temporal scales. In addition, human society and natural systems have been coevolving since the agricultural revolution and, arguably, well before then. Two types of coevolution between human society and natural systems appear possible: (1) an ‘arms‐race’ in which human society ignores changes in natural systems—essential ecosystem services are lost, resulting in unpleasant consequences for society; or (2) mutualism in which environmental literacy and a feeling of responsibility for natural systems motivate rapid societal response to ecosystem changes and the preservation of ecological integrity.The simplest measures of ecological integrity may be the actions of human society likely to minimize or markedly reduce negative impacts on natural systems. This does not mean substituting such measures for more customary ecological measures, but rather using both types of measurements simultaneously.