Canal Configuration Types Research Articles

PREVALENCE AND MORPHOLOGY OF MIDDLE MESIAL CANAL AND MIDDLE DISTAL CANAL IN MANDIBULAR FIRST MOLARS IN NORTH INDIAN SUBPOPULATION: A RETROSPECTIVE CBCT ANALYSIS

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence and morphology of the middle mesial canal and middle distal canal in mandibular first molars in North Indian subpopulation using Cone Beam Computed Tomography. Methodology: 60 Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) scans were retrospectively analyzed out of which 40 mandibular first molars were included in this study as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. The collected CBCT scans were observed for the presence of middle mesial and middle distal canal in mandibular first molars. The root canal configuration of the middle mesial and middle distal canals in the mandibular first molars was then observed in axial and coronal sections of CBCT scans. Results: Out of total 40 examined mandibular first molars, the prevalence of middle mesial canal in mandibular first molar was found out to be 5% and the prevalence of middle distal canal in mandibular first molar was found out to be 10%. The confluent configuration was the most common root canal configuration type of both middle mesial and middle distal canal. Conclusion: Locating middle mesial and middle distal canal is imperative in order to achieve good endodontic prognosis for mandibular first molars. CBCT analysis remains as a non-invasive and clinically effective tool for determining root canal morphology. Knowing the incidence of variations in root canal anatomy is crucial for alerting doctors to the possibility of encountering them in clinical practice.

Anatomical variations and bilateral symmetry of roots and root canal systems of mandibular first permanent molars in a Saudi Arabian population utilizing cone beam computed tomography

<h3>Objective</h3> To evaluate the anatomical variations of the roots and root canal systems and to determine the symmetry between right and left mandibular first permanent molars in a Saudi Arabian population using images derived from cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. <h3>Methods</h3> CBCT scans (with exposure parameters 90 kVp, 5–8 mA, 17.5 s exposure time, and 0.25 mm voxel size with a 170 × 120 mm FOV) were retrieved from the database and axial, coronal, and sagittal sections of the mandibular first molars were examined. The number of roots, number of canals, and type of canal configuration based on Vertucci's classification were recorded. Bilateral symmetry between right and left sides of the same individuals and differences between genders were investigated. <h3>Results</h3> Out of 174 mandibular first molars, 97.1% were two rooted and 2.9% were three rooted (with a distolingual root). In regards to the number of canals, 73% had three, 25.3% had four and 1.7% had two root canals. In teeth with four root canals, 90.9% of the extra canals were in the distal root, while 9.1% were in the extra distolingual root. The most common canal configurations in the mesial and distal roots were type IV (64.9%) and type I (77%), respectively. Symmetrical analysis revealed 100% symmetry in number of roots and 56.4% in number of canals between right and left teeth in the same individual. <h3>Conclusion</h3> An extra root was seen in few cases of mandibular first molars of the studied population. A wide range of canal configurations was noted, with high prevalence of type IV in the mesial root and type I in the distal root. No associations between gender and root anatomy and canal morphology were discovered. Although high bilateral symmetry was found in numbers of roots, it varied with regards to numbers of canals and canal configurations in the same individuals. <b>Statement of Ethical Review</b> Human/Animal subjects were used and this study was approved by an institutional ethics panel

Three-dimensional evaluation of root canal morphology of maxillary first premolars: Micro–computed tomographic study

AimThe aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the root and root canal morphology of maxillary first premolar teeth in a Kuwaiti population using micro–computed tomography (μ- CT). Materials and methodsA total of 100 maxillary first premolars were scanned in a micro– computed tomographic device. The external anatomy (number of roots, distance from cementoenamel junction to apex, and presence of a palatal groove) and internal anatomy (number of canals and presence of apical deltas, lateral canals, and isthmi) of teeth were analyzed using descriptive analysis. ResultsThe number of roots was one root (57 %), two roots (41 %), and three roots (2 %). The longest and shortest roots measured 17.7 and 11.2 mm, respectively. The palatal groove was present in 63.4 % of the teeth. According to Vertucci’s classification, type IV configuration was the most prevalent (53 %), followed by type II. A new root canal configuration type (1–2–1–2–1) was detected. Apical deltas, lateral canals, and isthmi were present in 33 %, 48 %, and 21 % of teeth, respectively. ConclusionType IV canal configuration was the most common root canal configuration. A new root canal configuration type IX for (1–2–1–2–1) was proposed for Kuwaiti population. The μ-CT device could to be a better diagnostic tool for understanding the anatomy of the root canal system.

A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) Study of Root Anatomy, Canal Morphology and Bilateral Symmetry of Permanent Maxillary Premolar Teeth Among the Qatari Subpopulation

Objectives: The study aims to evaluate the root anatomy, canal morphology, and symmetry of maxillary premolars teeth in a Qatari subpopulation using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: 544 CBCT images of Qatari patients were analyzed by two endodontists. Tooth position, number of roots, canal configuration, and number of canals per root were investigated. A chi-square test was used to evaluate the association between gender and the number of roots. The interexaminer and intraexaminer were performed and documented. Results: The most common root anatomy and canal morphology observed in maxillary first premolars (MFP) were two roots (70.6%) with a single canal per root, while in maxillary second premolars (MSP), there was one root (84.3%) with a single canal (83%). Type I Vertucci morphology was predominated in all roots of two-rooted MFP (97%), three-rooted MFP (100%), single-rooted MSP (42%), and two-rooted MSP (100%). The Chi-square test showed an association between gender and number of roots in both MFP and MSP, with a higher number of roots seen in men(P&lt;0.05). A symmetrical pattern was observed in the number of roots and canals in both maxillary premolars. But the symmetry for the type of canal configuration is higher in MFP (78%) than MSP (54%). Conclusion: In the Qatari subpopulation, most MFP had two roots with a predominance of type I Vertucci, while MSP had one root with type I. Contralateral MSP showed more diversity in canal configuration that should be considered during root canal treatment. CBCT is an effective diagnostic tool to investigate root anatomy and canal morphology.

Analysis of Root Canal Anatomy of Mandibular Permanent Incisors in Saudi Subpopulation: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) Study.

This study aimed to evaluate the root canal anatomy of central and lateral mandibular incisors in a Saudi population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Overall, 1370 CBCT images of central (687) and lateral (683) mandibular incisors of Saudi patients who attended the Dental College at King Saud University in Riyadh were examined. The number of roots and canals, canal configuration types, symmetry between bilateral incisors, and the effect of gender and age were determined. For data analysis, the chi-square test was applied, and the p value was set at ≤0.05. Only one tooth had two roots, and 41% of mandibular incisors had two canals. The most common canal configuration type observed was type I (58.83%), followed by type III (28.24%). Type V was more common in men (8.31%) than women (3.9%). Bilateral symmetries were higher in the mandibular central incisors regarding the root and canal numbers and the canal configuration types (100, 100, and 97.92%, respectively) than in the lateral incisors (99.69, 98.16, and 97.24%, respectively). The 21–40 age group showed a higher proportion of teeth with more complicated root canal anatomy than the other age groups. More than one canal in mandibular incisors is a common finding in the Saudi subpopulation, with the type III canal configuration as the most common type.

An assessment of morphological patterns and number of canals in mesiobuccal root of maxillary second molars in our patients: Analyzed by Cone Beam Computed Tomography

Objective: To assess the number of canals and morphological patterns of mesiobuccal root of maxillary second molars based on Vertucci’s classification analyzed by Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) scans in our patients. Study Design: Retrospective Cross sectional analytical study. Place and Duration: At Operative Dentistry Department, Islamic International Dental Hospital, Islamabad from 1st September 2020 to 1st January 2021. Methodology: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans (PLANMECA, Finland) were used with image size 13 x 9cm (651 x 651 x 451 cm3), voxel size 200μm to include maxillary anatomy with 96 KV radiation dose, exposure time of 12.527 seconds and current of 9 MA. Slice thickness of 0.200mm was recorded. Axial, coronal and sagittal planes were used to evaluate root canal anatomy of maxillary second molars. Number of canals and morphological patterns as per Vertucci’s classification were recorded in mesiobuccal root of maxillary second molars. Results: Out of 200 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans, 316 maxillary second molars met the inclusion criteria. Mesiobuccal root of maxillary second molars having one canal were found in 78.48% and 2 canals in 21.52%. Maximum frequencies of canals in mesiobuccal root of maxillary second molars as per Vertucci’s Classification were found to have type I i.e. 78.5% followed by type IV in 16.5% and type II in 5%. Conclusion: Number of canals is variable for the mesiobuccal root of maxillary second molar. Single canal and Vertucci’s type I is the most common canal configuration type in mesiobuccal root of maxillary second molars. Significant difference was found between gender and Vertucci’s classification in mesiobuccal root. Keywords: Cone Beam Computed Tomography, Maxillary Second Molar, Root Canal Morphology

Prevalence of C-shaped canal and related variations in maxillary and mandibular second molars in the Indian Subpopulation: A cone-beam computed tomography analysis.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and anatomical configuration of the C-shaped canal in permanent maxillary and mandibular second molars in the Greater Noida population by compiling the results of data that used cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) analysis. CBCT images were taken from the archive in the department of oral medicine and radiology taken for diagnostic purposes referred by other departments in the dental college. Five hundred CBCT records of patients, between the age group of 15-40 years, containing maxillary second molars and mandibular second molars were selected and reviewed. Statistical analysis was done using the Chi-square test to find out the most common configuration of the C-shaped canal between maxillary and mandibular second molars. Hundred and ten out of 500 patients had C-shaped canals (22%). Among them, 58 teeth (52.7%) were continuous C-shaped canals, 41 teeth (37.3%) were semicolon-shaped canals and 11 teeth (10%) had separated canals. (Chi-square test value = 8.26, P = 0.024). Statistically significant difference was found in configuration types. Among the jaw type, 62 maxillary second molar presented with C-shaped canal (25.1%) and 48 mandibular second molar presented with C-shaped canal (18.9%) (Chi-square test value = 3.87, P = 0.276). However, the difference was statistically insignificant in relation to the jaw type. Within the limitation of the study, we can conclude that the overall prevalence of C-shaped canals was 22% and the most common C-shaped canal configuration type was continuous (52.7%). However, no statistically significant difference was found in relation to jaw type.

Evaluation of Root Canal Morphology of Maxillary 2ndPremolars Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Chennai Population

Background: Using the CBCT, this technique has the ability to identify the root canal morphology asdetailed as using the root canal staining and other clearing techniques that in the past have been of highervalue to the other conventional techniques that can be implemented to give a three-dimensional perspectiveof the complete morphological details. With this, analysing the variation in root canal morphology of humanmaxillary second premolar between different gender in Chennai population can be done.Methods:One hundred Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images from different patients areselected randomly from Department of Oral Radiology of Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, India.All the CBCT images of patients are examined for the inclusion criteria in maxillary second premolarsbetween different genders based on Vertucci classification. All root canal configurations of maxillary secondpremolars between different genders are investigated and compared withVertucci Classification.Conclusion: Of all the 100 maxillary second premolars, the most common type of canal configuration forboth the genders is Type I (41%), Type III (22%), and Type V (22%). In females, the most common type ofcanal configuration discovered is Type I (35%), Type III (63.6%) and Type V (83.3%). In males, the mostcommon type of canal configuration determined is Type I (65%) and Type III (36.4%).

Prevalence of root canal system configurations in the brazilian population analyzed by cone-beam computed tomography – a systematic review

Objectives: This study performed a systematic review of anatomy prevalence studies using cone-beam computed tomography to comprehend the root and root canal configuration types in Brazilian sub-populations. Methods: This systematic review followed PRISMA’s statements. Four electronic databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Lilacs, and Cochrane Collaboration) were accessed using MeSH terms and free-text keywords. The studies were selected according to predefined criteria. References of the collected studies, three peer-reviewed endodontic journals, and two peer-reviewed evidence-based dentistry journals were hand searched. The authors were contacted for additional information, if necessary. Eligible studies were submitted to a scientific merit assessment by two evaluators independently, who reached a final consensus for each study score using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tool for prevalence studies. Results: A total of 2266 studies were identified. After analysis, 20 full-text articles were accessed for eligibility and 17 were included for qualitative synthesis. A high prevalence of mandibular incisors presenting two root canals was noted (~35.0% – 40.0). Moreover, a high proportion of two-rooted (17.0% – 28.4%) and two root canals (50.1% – 75.0%) morphologies were identified in maxillary second premolars. A wide range and a high percentage of a second mesiobuccal canal were detected for both maxillary first (37.1% – 88.5%) and second molars (21.8% – 83.4%). A second root canal prevalence ranging from 12.4% to 23.4% was observed in the distal root of mandibular first molars. Conclusions: In conclusion, different Brazilian sub-populations may present divergent characteristics regarding the root and root canal configurations. Clinicians should be aware of these variations for proper planning of endodontic treatment.

Interpretation of Root Canal Anatomy of Maxillary and Mandibular Permanent Canines in Saudi Subpopulation: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) Study.

The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the root canal anatomy of permanent canines in a Saudi subpopulation utilizing CBCT. A total of 1328 CBCT images of maxillary (634) and mandibular (694) permanent canines were collected from Saudi patients who visited the College of Dentistry at King Saud University in Riyadh. The images were analyzed for root and canal numbers, canal configuration types, and symmetry between the bilateral canine teeth in each arch. Gender, age, and tooth position were recorded. The Kappa test was used for both inter- and intraexaminer reliabilities. Data were analyzed with the chi-square test at a P value ≤ 0.05. There were no two-rooted teeth in maxillary canines, and 1.89% had two canals. Double roots and double canals in mandibular canines were found in 2.88% and 9.94% of the teeth, respectively. Type I canal configuration was more common in maxillary canines (97.94%) compared to mandibular canines (92.07%). Maxillary canines showed higher bilateral symmetries of root and canal numbers and canal configuration types (100%, 98.1%, and 97.9%, resp.) compared to mandibular canines (97.1%, 90.1%, and 92.1%, respectively). The majority of maxillary and mandibular canines had a single root with a single canal and type I canal configuration. Mandibular canines are characterized by having more than one root and canal and alterations in root canal configurations compared to maxillary canines.

Cone-beam computed tomography evaluation of the root morphology of the maxillary and mandibular premolars in a Moroccan subpopulation: Canal configurations and root curvatures (Part 2)

Introduction: The aim of this study is to investigate canal configurations and root curvatures of maxillary and mandibular premolar teeth in a Moroccan subpopulation using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Materials and Methods: The root curvature and canal configuration of 919 CBCT images of maxillary (358) and mandibular (561) premolar teeth were investigated using “Planmeca viewer” software. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: About 46.8% of the maxillary first premolars with two roots had Type I canal configuration of each roots and 27.5% of single-rooted ones presented Type VII. The two-rooted maxillary second premolars showed Type I (39.35%) canal configuration. As for the single-rooted premolars, 32.8% showed Type III canal configuration. The distobuccal curvature was the most frequent for the single-rooted teeth (30.4%) as well as for the palatal (32.4%) root of the two-rooted ones. More than 70% of each root, had Type I of the two rooted mandibular first premolars while 41.8% of the single-rooted premolars had Type V. Type I canal configuration was the most revealed in single-rooted mandibular second premolars with a percentage of 60.6%. Few teeth with two and three roots were seen. The distolingual curvature showed the highest incidence among single-rooted premolars (37.8%) as well as the buccal roots of the two-rooted ones (51.8%). Conclusion: The Moroccan subpopulation's premolars showed a high prevalence of Vertucci's canal configuration Type I with distobuccal curvature for maxillary teeth and distolingual for mandibular teeth.

Association between the presence of distolingual root in mandibular first molars and the presence of C-shaped mandibular second molars: a CBCT study in a Taiwanese population.

The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of C-shaped canals in permanent mandibular second molars (SMs) and to determine whether its appearance was associated with the presence of distolingual root (DLR) in permanent mandibular first molars (FMs). Three hundred and eighty patients were qualified for evaluation of their FMs and SMs using cone beam computed tomography. The prevalence, distribution pattern, external root morphology, and the internal root canal anatomy of the examined molars were recorded and analyzed. Furthermore, the association between the root canal configurations of SMs and the appearance of DLR in FMs was also assessed. The prevalence of SMs with C-shaped root canals was 44.7%. The most common root canal configuration type of the one-rooted SMs with C-shaped anatomy was C3 (45.6%), followed by C2 and C1. The frequency of C-shaped canals in SMs was 45.4% in Non-DLR group, 52.8% in unilateral DLR group, and 33.9% in bilateral DLR group, respectively. Moreover, the prevalence of C-shaped root canals in SMs with the presence of bilateral DLRs in FMs was significantly lowered. The association between the presence of DLR in FMs and C-shaped canal configurations in neighboring SMs was surveyed, and the prevalence of C-shaped root canals in SMs with the presence of bilateral DLRs in FMs was found to be significantly lowered.

The Variation of Pulp Canal Configuration in Mandibular Posterior Teeth Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Indonesia Subpopulation Mongoloid Race

It is important to understand pulp canal configuration to have a successful endodontic treatment. Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) radiography is able to assess the pulp canal configuration, especially on the lingual/palatal, compared to the periapical radiography. The objective of the research is to know the prevalence pulp canal configuration of mandibular molar teeth in Indonesia subpopulation Mongoloid race using CBCT radiography. This research is a descriptive survey with a cross-sectional approach, using 38 CBCT radiographs from the patients undergoing dental treatments in hospitals in Medan. The subjects were selected based on research criteria; then their CBCT radiographs were interpreted and analyzed. The result shows the existence of mandibular mesial root type 2-1 (28.94%), 1-2-1 (5.26%), 2-2 (55.26%), 2-1-2-1 (2.64%), 3-2 (5.26%), 3-1 (2.64%), distal root type 1-1 (36.84%), 2-1 (23.68%), 1-2-1 (15.79%), 1-2 (2.63%), 2-2 (13.17%), 2-1-2-1 (5.26%), 1-3-1 (2.63%). The distolingual root of mandibular first molars consisted of type 1-1 (100%). Mesial root of mandibular second molars of type 1-1 (2.63%), 2-1 (50%), 1-2-1 (5.26%), 2-2 (36.85%), 2-1-2-1 (2.63%), 1-2-1-2 (2.63%), distal root type 1-1 (57.89%), 2-1 (15.79%), 1-2-1 (13.16%), 2-2 (10.53%), 2-1-2 (2.63%). This variation of the pulp canal can be influenced by the shape of roots. A flat root usually contains pulp canal configuration type II – VIII Vertucci, similarly to mandibular molar mesial canals. As a summary, there is a variation of pulp canal configuration in mandibular first and second molars on Indonesian Mongoloid race, as seen from the CBCT radiographs.

Root and Canal Configuration of Mandibular First Molars in a Yemeni Population: A Cone-beam Computed Tomography.

Objective:To describe root and canal morphology of mandibular first molars (MFMs) in a Yemeni population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).Methods:CBCT images of 500 right and left untreated MFMs with fully developed roots from 250 Yemenis (125 male and 125 female) comprised the sample size of this study. The following characteristics were recorded: (1) number of roots and their type and morphology, (2) number of canals orifices per root, (3) type of canal configuration and (4) primary variations in the morphology of the root and canal systems.Results:96.8% of MFMs are double-rooted. A third root was found in 3.2%, more in females than males. Mesial root was mainly ribbon-shaped (92.2%) and distal root was kidney-shaped in 56.2%. Two canals orifices were found in mesial root of 95.8% and one canal orifice was found in distal root of 96.4%. Vertucci type II canal configuration was the most frequent (57%), followed by type IV (35.6%) in mesial root. Type III canal configuration was the most prevalent (48.8%), followed by type I (41%) in distal root. Variant 3 represented the most common root and canal morphology (89.8%).Conclusion:MFMs in Yemeni population are mainly two-rooted with 3.2% having a supernumerary distolingual root. Cross section of mesial root was mainly ribbon-shaped and distal root was kidney-shaped. Vertucci type II and III configurations were the higher incidence in mesial and distal roots, respectively. The presence of two canals in mesial root and one canal in distal root of MFMs with two separate roots (variant 3) was the most common morphology.

Root and Canal Morphology of Mandibular Second Molars in a Yemeni Population: A Cone-beam Computed Tomography.

Objective:This study aimed to identify and characterize root and canal morphology and the prevalence of C-shaped canals of mandibular second molars (MSMs) in a Yemeni population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).Methods:Three-dimensional digital images of 500 MSMs with mature roots were taken from 250 Yemeni individuals and analyzed for the following features: number of roots, shape and type of roots, type of canal configuration in each root, prevalence of C-shaped canal, and primary variations in the morphology of root and canal systems. Chi square and Fisher’s exact tests were employed for statistical analysis.Results:89.6% of MSMs had two separate roots, 9% had two fused roots, 0.6% had three separate roots and 0.8% had one root. Mesial root was mostly ribbon-shaped (60.5%) and distal root was mostly kidney-shaped (50.7%). Type II and Type I canal configurations were the most frequent in mesial (56.9%) and distal (91.3%) roots, respectively. C-shaped canals were found in 9%. Six variants were found with variant 3 being the most common (71%).Conclusion:Yemeni MSMs are mainly two-rooted. The prevalence of three- and one-rooted MSMs was relatively low. Various canals configurations were found in MSMs among this sample of Yemeni population. The clinicians should consider C-shaped roots and canals when treating Yemeni MSMs and should be aware of their morphological variations to ensure successful root canal treatment. Although bilateral similarity of many anatomical features of MSMs was found, individual evaluation of each MSM is necessary while performing endodontic treatment on both sides.

Root and Canal Morphology of Mandibular Premolar Teeth in a Kuwaiti Subpopulation: A CBCT Clinical Study.

Objective:To study the root and root canal morphology of mandibular premolars in a Kuwaiti subpopulation using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).Methods:152 CBCT images were obtained from the radiology department archives of four dental centers in Kuwait. A total of 476 mandibular premolar teeth were analyzed by two observers. The number of roots, root canal configuration types and canal curvature measurements were examined. The relationship between sex, tooth position, and incidence of an additional canal were compared using the chi-square test, and the level of significance was set at 0.05 (P=0.05).Results:The number of roots in mandibular first premolars was one in 73.9%, two in 24.9%, three and four in 1.2%. On the other hand, the number of roots in mandibular second premolars was one in 79.2% and two in 20.8%. Based on Vertucci’s classification system, 18.7% of the teeth were type II followed by type VI (14.3%). The majority of the examined teeth were straight (74.8%) and the incidence of distal root angulation was about 21%. Canal configurations not included in the Vertucci classification were reported in 102 teeth (21.4%). Variability was significantly higher in the second premolars compared to first premolar (P<0.05).Conclusion:The Kuwaiti population has complex root canal morphology in mandibular premolar teeth.

Anatomical variations and bilateral symmetry of roots and root canal system of mandibular first permanent molars in Saudi Arabian population utilizing cone- beam computed tomography

AimThe aim of the study was to evaluate the anatomical variations of the roots and root canal system, and to determine the symmetry between right and left sides of mandibular first permanent molars in Saudi Arabian population using images derived from cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. MethodsThe CBCT scans (with the following parameters: FOV 170 × 120 mm, 90 Kv, 5–8 mA, 17.5 s exposure time and 0.25 mm voxel size) were retrieved from the database and axial, coronal and sagittal sections of mandibular first molars were examined. The number of roots, canals and type of canal configuration based on Vertucci’s classification were recorded. Bilateral symmetry between right and left side of the same individuals and differences between genders were investigated. ResultsOut of 174 mandibular first molars, 97.1% were two rooted and 2.9% were three rooted (distolingual root). In regards to the number of canals, 73% had three, 25.3% had four and 1.7% had two root canals. In teeth with four root canals, 90.9% of the extra canal was in the distal root, while 9.1% in the extra distolingual root. The most common canal configuration in mesial and distal root were type IV (64.9%) and type I (77%), respectively. Symmetrical analysis revealed 100% symmetry in number of roots and 56.4% in number of canals between right and left teeth in the same individual. ConclusionsWithin the limitation of this study, wide range of canals configurations were noted in mandibular first molars among the Saudi Arabian population. The prevalence of three rooted mandibular first molars was relatively low. Three canals were most commonly seen in mandibular first molars. Bilateral symmetry was varied in number of canals and canals configurations, which could be of clinical significance while performing root canal treatment on both side mandibular first permanent molars.

Analysis of Mandibular Premolars Root Canal Morphology Using Radiographic and Cross-Sectional Techniques in Malaysian Population

Introduction: Aberrant root canal morphology of mandibular premolars has always been associated with high endodontic treatment failures. This study was conducted to assess the canal morphology of the mandibular premolars in the Malaysian population using periapical radiographs and cross-sections of the premolar teeth. Materials and Methods: One hundred extracted permanent mandibular premolars with intact apex were randomly collected from various clinics across Malaysia. Radiographs were taken both in mesiodistal (MD) and buccolingual (BL) views to examine the presence of a second canal and to evaluate the type of canal configuration. The roots were then stained and perpendicularly resected to the long axis at three levels (cervical, middle, and apical one third). Digital photographs were taken for each of the cross-section sample and analyzed according to the number and shape of canals. Results: It was found that 78% of the mandibular premolars had single canal in BL radiographic view and 65% in MD view. Seventy-one percent of the single-canal premolars were observed in all three cross-sectional views (1-1-1 configuration). Furthermore, 37% showed oval-shaped canals and 34% showed irregular-shaped canals mainly found at cervical one third; 20% of the teeth showed the canals to be rounded in shape, most prevalent at the apical one third. Two canals with isthmus were observed in 5% of the all cross-sectional views. Conclusion: The majority of mandibular premolars in Malaysian population have a single canal, and there are a few possibilities of two or more canals in these teeth.

Prevalence of Root Canal Configuration Types Based on Number of Canals at the Apical Third of Mandibular First Molar Roots

Prevalence of Root Canal Configuration Types Based on Number of Canals at the Apical Third of Mandibular First Molar Roots

Root and canal morphology of maxillary premolar teeth in an Egyptian subpopulation using two classification systems: a cone beam computed tomography study.

To investigate the number of roots and root canal configurations using two coding systems and the root canal diverging and merging levels in extracted maxillary premolars in an Egyptian subpopulation using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). A total of 700 maxillary premolars were examined using CBCT in an Egyptian subpopulation. The number of roots was identified, and root canal configurations were classified according to Vertucci's classification and a new system for classifying root and canal morphology. In addition, the position where roots bifurcated and the levels where canals merged or diverged were identified. Fisher's exact test and independent t-test were used for statistical analysis, and the level of significance was set at 0.05 (P=0.05). More than half of maxillary first premolars were double-rooted, and the majority of maxillary second premolars were single-rooted (P<0.001). Most of the double-rooted samples had bifurcations in the middle of the root. According to the Vertucci classification, canal configuration type IV was the most common in both first and second maxillary premolars. According to the new system, the code 2 FP B1 P1 was the most common for maxillary first premolars, whilst 2 SP B1 P1 , 1 SP2 and 1 SP2-1 codes were the most common for maxillary second premolars. The three-canalled morphology in double- and three-rooted maxillary premolars had considerable variations. Root canal merging and diverging levels were comparable in both tooth types. Maxillary premolars in this Egyptian subpopulation had a wide range of root and canal anatomical variations. Clinicians should be aware of where canals merge and diverge to facilitate the treatment of all canals. The new system for classifying canal morphology describes the root and canal configurations in a more accurate and practical manner compared to the Vertucci classification.