Types Of Bins Research Articles

Analysis of enzyme interference factors in millet storage based on machine learning

Abstract In this paper, we first investigate the peroxidase enzyme during millet storage, deeply analyze the characteristics of different types of grain bins during millet storage, and then summarize the peroxidase properties. Secondly, to extract the feature vector of the molecule, a descriptor was introduced, and on machine learning, SVM was used to construct a model of catalytic site MCD-MFEs and multiple catalytic sites SMAD-MFEs. Then, experimental materials were selected, experimental methods and measurement methods were determined, and an example analysis of machine learning-based enzymes during millet storage was performed, specifically from two aspects: model analysis and the study of peroxidase during millet storage. The results showed that the activity of millet peroxidase decreased by 92.2mg H2O2g−1, 90.4mg H2O2g−1, and 85.7mg H2O2g−1 for conventional, nitrogen-filled storage at 22°C. The activity of millet peroxidase decreased by 102.2mg H2O2g−, 98.8g H2O2g−, and 95.1mg H2O2g− The rate of reduction in peroxidase activity of millet stored in nitrogen-filled storage was not significantly different. This study was conducted to understand the enzyme change pattern during millet storage to provide a more intuitive and realistic reference for individual households to store grain.

Management of Biomedical Waste in the South of the Democratic Republic Congo: Current Situation

Effective management of biomedical waste is mandatory for healthy human beings and a safe environment. Poor management of biomedical waste is a community health problem. This article reviews the methods of biomedical waste management. The management of biomedical waste is a significant challenge in the south of DR Congo in terms of the implementation of the types of bins, the concentration of bleach used and the method of waste disposal. Staff training and awareness of waste management waste is of great interest to the community and the associated employees.

Automatic Modulation Recognition of Radiation Source Signals Based on Data Rearrangement and the 2D FFT

It is a challenge for automatic modulation recognition (AMR) methods for radiation source signals to work in environments with low signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). This paper proposes a modulation feature extraction method based on data rearrangement and the 2D fast Fourier transform (FFT) (DR2D), and a DenseNet feature extraction network with early fusion is constructed to recognize the extracted modulation features. First, the input signal is preprocessed by DR2D to obtain three types of joint frequency feature bins with multiple time scales. Second, the feature fusion operation is performed on the inputs of the different layers of the proposed network. Finally, feature recognition is completed in the subsequent layers. The theoretical analysis and simulation results show that DR2D is a fast and robust preprocessing method for extracting the features of modulated radiation source signals with less computational complexity. The proposed DenseNet feature extraction network with early fusion can identify the extracted modulation features with less spatial complexity than other types of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and performs well in low-SNR environments.

Litter buffet: On the use of trash bins by birds in six boreal urban settlements

Unintentional food resources in urban areas (street litter, food leftovers, overflowing trash bins) are dietary components of some urban-exploiter bird species. In this study, we report on 13 bird species in six southern Finnish cities using urban trash bins and describe differences in their activity when provided with food resources (i.e., bait) in different bin types. We used generalized linear models (GLM) and classification and regression trees (CART) to test for associations between environmental variables and bird activity at the binscapes. Bird activity at the binscapes significantly differed among all cities and among types of bins and was significantly higher after placing bait in all cases. Bins with the largest opening had more activity as opposed to those with smaller openings or lids. Corvids and gulls had the highest activity, with corvids usually being present before the bait was placed and gulls increasing their activity thereafter. These differences show that trash bin foraging is highly malleable and thus susceptible to management preventing its occurrence. Suitable waste management measures could aid in reducing the number of species close to bins and their surroundings, benefiting both bird and human health.

Smart City Garbage Monitoring System

Abstract: In Sri Lanka, garbage dumping has long been a problem. The regional organizations have made various attempts to address this issue. But unfortunately, no appropriate action has been taken thus far. As a consequence, there are several environmental issues as well as human health issues, particularly among children. As a result, we have suggested some approaches to resolving these issues so that we can advance the nation. The prime objective of the suggested system is to provide a nation free from waste, and the suggested solutions support this objective as well. The suggested approach will benefit the municipality council in a variety of ways, reducing both labour and capital costs. The proposed system will calculate the amount of garbage that has been piled up effectively, giving truck drivers information that can be tracked via a mobile application. The system will warn pedestrians if they attempt to dump garbage out of the bin and also if they pile particular garbage in a different type of a bin other than designated bin. This will aid road cleaners in efficiently collecting garbage other than focusing more collecting trash from the roads. It will improve the garbage segregation process because the designated types of bins are also kept separately and can be utilized by the local bodies as they require, which helps to achieve our objective of this system

A new MILP model and fast heuristics for the variable-sized bin packing problem with time windows

Variable-Sized Bin Packing Problem with Time Windows (VSBPPTW) is a variant of the classical bin packing problem in which several types of bins with different sizes and costs are available, and the total cost of bins used to pack all items is minimized. Additionally, a time window is defined for each item, and the set of items packed into each bin must be time-compatible, i.e., the items in a bin must have at least one common time point within their time windows. We propose a new mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model for VSBPPTW that (i) ensures time-compatibility by filling each bin with items from one maximal time-compatible set only and (ii) uses a compressed network flow formulation to represent the packing of items into bins under each maximal time-compatible set. New fast heuristics for VSBPPTW are also proposed to warm-start the MILP solver. Computational experiments are carried out on two sets of benchmark problem instances from the literature. We show that the new fast heuristics obtain on average much better solutions than the previously proposed fast heuristic, and the new MILP model greatly outperforms the previously proposed MILP model. While the previously proposed MILP model solves to optimality only 13% of the problem instances in the first set and none in the second, the new MILP model solves to optimality over 70% problem instances in both sets.

EFFICIENT SPARSE STREET FURNITURE EXTRACTION FROM MOBILE LASER SCANNING POINT CLOUDS

Abstract. Current mobile systems are capable of efficiently acquiring dense urban point clouds. Still, operational use of such data is hampered by the lack of efficient object extraction methodology. Notably methodology is lacking for automatically extracting objects that do not belong to the road furniture like street signs and light poles but do belong to the street furniture. As an example, object we consider public garbage bins, that are installed and should be maintained in public areas in every city. However, information about types, locations, and condition of these public garbage bins are rarely updated and only obtained through manual measurements. Therefore, an efficient way of collecting information on such public objects is of interest not only for urban management but also when developing digital twins of a city. This study proposes a new method to automatically extract public garbage bins from large urban mobile laser scanning (MLS) point clouds. The proposed method consists of three main steps: (1) cell-, (2) sub-cell-, and (3) surface-based filtering, in which both spatial information of the point clouds and contextual knowledge of the public garbage bins are incorporated to efficiently remove irrelevant 3D points at an early phase and identify and classify different types of public garbage bins. Contextual knowledge includes shape and dimensions, and the relationship between the public garbage bins and the ground surface. A MLS dataset of the city centre of Rotterdam, the Netherlands, consisting of 2.84 billion points organised in 166 tiles of 50 × 75m, and covering an area of about 750 × 750m was used to test the proposed method. Results show that the method can automatically extract ~90 public garbage bins with an overall detection rate of 89.1%. Moreover, the executing time for the entire dataset was only about 163.6 minutes, which is equivalent to 3.46 seconds per one million points. Although the method was tested here one public garbage bins, it can be easily tuned for the detection of other street furniture objects, like benches, post boxes or bollards.

Algorithms for the variable-sized bin packing problem with time windows

This paper introduces and studies the variable-sized bin packing problem with time windows, a real problem in the logistics industry. Given a set of items with different volume and time window, and several types of bins with variable size and cost, the objective is to select bins with the minimum cost to pack all the items. The total volume packed in the same bin must not exceed the volume capacity, and there must be one common time point among the time windows of the items in the same bin. We first formulate the problem as an integer programming model and then propose three heuristics to solve this problem. Firstly, the classical best-fit heuristic is modified to find an initial solution. An iterative local search based on the shortest path decoder is employed to find more solutions. Lastly, a primal heuristic based on the column generation is utilized. These three heuristics are different and independent. Two categories of instances are generated to test the performance of our approach. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach is effective in solving this problem and finds near-optimal solutions in a short time.

Household food waste: attitudes, barriers and motivations

PurposeFood waste at the household level represents a major component of all food waste. Therefore minimizing food waste at the household level remains an important component of the food chain responsibility. This study explores the problem of food waste in Mauritius through an understanding of households' attitudes toward food waste and their motivations and barriers to food waste recycling.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses a grounded theory approach to identify thematic categories that represent participants' attitudes toward food waste and the barriers they face to food waste reduction. We used a purposive sampling technique to guide the selection of participants. Interviews were conducted with 14 participants: three experts in food waste and 11 households. The data were analyzed using the tools of grounded theory.FindingsParticipants' expressed views on food waste included (1) guilt toward wasting food; (2) (lack of) environmental awareness; (3) financial considerations and (4) exemption from responsibility. The findings also led to the development of four themes that defined the barriers participants face to recycling food waste: (1) lack of awareness; (2) space limitations on recycling methods; (3) inadequate policy and (4) lack of time/priority.Practical implicationsAddressing the problem of food waste requires a holistic approach that takes into account households' attitudes to food waste, their motivation and barriers to food waste recycling as well as the regulatory and institutional framework governing food waste management in Mauritius. Policymakers should try to improve households' knowledge about food waste through educational campaigns. The authorities can provide different types of bins to households freely to facilitate the sorting out of waste and impose a fee for food waste generated beyond a certain limit or provide subsidies to them for handling food waste properly.Originality/valueThe management of food waste is particularly challenging for small islands developing states because of their unique characteristics of smallness, limited resources and environmental vulnerability. Appropriate interventions to reduce household food waste require place-based and geographically sensitive analyses that take into account the specificities of local food and waste management systems and cultural norms with respect to food. However, there is not only a paucity of research on household food waste, but most studies have been carried out in nonisland economies. The study contributes to the limited research on household food waste in small islands.

HUBUNGAN ANTARA AKTIVITAS PENGHUNI HUNIAN KUMUH DENGAN TINGKAT KEBERSIHAN LINGKUNGAN DI BANTARAN SUNGAI SIAK

The economic development of Pekanbaru city very rapidly followed population increase that originated from Siak river region. There is an old mosque in this area that is masjid raya Pekanbaru which is history evidence of Raja Siak into the early growth of the Pekanbaru city. Till now Siak River is still importan role life of Pekanbaru community. This can be seen from the development of community activities along the Siak River area and the number of people living along the Siak River .Potential Siak River is fishingplace , clean water resources through PDAM Tirta Siak Pekanbaru , water attractions, with an average depth of 29 m and total length of 572 km and width of 75 - 100m Siak river is able to support the transport system of water with intensity high both for the freighter and passenger ships.Watershed area ( DAS ) has impacted by increase of population in Siak river , which serves for the cultivation and production forest , the area of smallholdings, residential areas , agricultural areas, and the agricultural area of wetlands is only a fraction of forestareas.
 This research approach is rationalistic qualitative method . Presentation of this research is descriptive , the results of the analysis showed some type of community activities of Siak riverbanks are divided into two (2) types of activity , waste bins and toilets ( MCK ) Siak river . Siak riverbanks impacted by this activities.

Rancang Bangun Alat Pemilah Sampah Otomatis Berbasis Arduino Mega 2560

Dumpster management system on Village/Warukkalong Village, RT/RW: 05/01, Kecamatan Kwadungan, Ngawi, East Java still conventional, i.e. the place one container of trash and garbage not disposed of according the trash, which affects trash piled up on one container of trash that impact to the declining environmental quality. Automatic trash can is one of the alternatives that can be used to sort out the type of garbage so that waste management more effectively in order to increase comfort and maximum possible waste reduction. Parser tools architecture garbage garbage sorting type aiming for, so that waste can be separated based on the type of waste, whether inorganic or organic waste garbage can be processed. The garbage will be disaggregated automatically by using a Sensor. The sensor used in auto IE trash proximity capacitive to detect an-organic, as well as inductive proximity to detect the types of bins, and Ultrasonic sensors to detect the height of the garbage and LCD to display the condition and type of garbage. The results of testing on the bin automatically is the maximum size that can be entered approximately 5 cm x 10 cm with a time of 10-17 seconds from the first go in the garbage into the trash until the end.

Going beyond Sorting Waste into Different Bins: Responsible Production and Consumption of Toys

Exposing children to concepts about sustainable development (SD) can be challenging because children might lack the life experience and the right levels of linguistic and cognitive skills to understand the complex issues surrounding SD. Coupled with other factors such as the teacher’s professional knowledge and limited teaching time available, the teaching of SD might become operationalised as the sorting of waste products into different types of bins in the early childhood curriculum. Using a single case study, I examined how a Hong Kong kindergarten empowered young children to contribute to sustainable development through targeting the production and consumption of an object type that is readily understood by children: toys. Based on classroom observations involving three age groups (K1: three-year-olds; K2: four-year-olds; K3: five-year-olds) and interviews with the principal, I found that the school had creatively adopted a whole school approach in order to support children’s gradual learning about sustainable development. At K1 the focus was on refusal: avoiding plastic toys in learning activities. At K2 the focus was on reuse. Knowledge related to the responsible production and consumption of toys was directly taught. At K3, the focus was on change: the children were to apply their previously acquired knowledge by producing toys for all children to share. Analyses of the interview data also revealed that going beyond the school level by partnering with parents in sustainable development had consequences for the school and the wider community.

Potential reduction of non-residential solid waste in Sukomanunggal district West Surabaya

Sukomanunggal district a development unit 8 with the designation as a regional trade and services, industrial, education, healthcare, offices, and shopping center. The development of this region will make an increasing solid waste generation, especially waste from non-residential facilities. The aims of this research to know the potential reduction of waste source. The method used is the Likert scale questionnaire to determine the knowledge, attitude, and behavior of non-residential facilities manager. Results from this research are the existing reduction of non-residential solid waste is 5.34%, potential reduction of the waste source is optimization of plastic and paper waste with the reduction rate up to 19,52%. The level of public participation existing amounted to 46.79% with a willingness to increase recycling efforts amounted to 72.87%. Efforts that can be developed to increase public awareness of 3R are providing three types of bins, modification of solid waste collection schedule according to a type of waste that has been sorted, the provision of the communal bin.

A tailored two-phase constructive heuristic for the three-dimensional Multiple Bin Size Bin Packing Problem with transportation constraints

This paper considers the three-dimensional Multiple Bin Size Bin Packing Problem which consists in packing a set of cuboid boxes into containers of various shapes, while minimising unused space. The problem is extended to air cargo where the bins are Unit Load Devices, specially designed for fitting in aircraft. We developed a fast constructive heuristic able to manage the constraints to be met in transportation. The heuristic is split into two distinct phases. The first phase deals with the packing of boxes into identical bins using an extension of the Extreme Points which describe the possible interesting positions to accommodate boxes. During this phase, the fragility, stability and orientation of the boxes are taken into account as well as the special shape of the bins and their weight capacity. The second phase considers the multiple types of available bins. If necessary, the best loading pattern identified is enhanced with respect to weight distribution in post processing. After the description of the parametrisation, computational experiments are performed on data sets specially designed for this application. The heuristic requires only few seconds to achieve promising results in terms of filling rate.

Correlates of domestic waste management and related health outcomes in Sunyani, Ghana: a protocol towards enhancing policy

BackgroundDomestic waste generation has contributed significantly to hampering national waste management efforts. It poses serious threat to national development and requires proper treatment and management within and outside households. The problem of improper waste management has always been a challenge in Ghana, compelling several national surveys to report on the practice of waste management. However, little is known about how much waste is generated and managed within households and there is a serious dearth of information for national policy and planning. This paper seeks to document the handling and practice of waste management, including collection, storage, transportation and disposal along with the types and amount of waste generated by Households and their related health outcome.MethodsThe study was a descriptive cross-sectional study and used a multi-stage sampling technique to sample 700 households. The study was planned and implemented from January to May 2015. It involved the use of structured questionnaires in the data collection over the period. Factors such as demographic characteristics, amount of waste generated, types of waste bins used within households, waste recycling, cost of disposing waste, and distance to dumpsite were all assessed.ResultsThe paper shows that each surveyed household generated 0.002 t of waste per day, of which 29% are both organic and inorganic. Though more than half of the respondents (53.6%) had positive attitude towards waste management, only 29.1% practiced waste management. The study reveals that there is no proper management of domestic waste except in few households that segregate waste. The study identified several elements as determinants of waste management practice. Female respondents were less likely to practice waste management (AOR 0.45; 95% Cl 0.29, 0.79), household size also determined respondents practice (AOR 0.26; Cl 0.09, 0.77). Practice of recycling (AOR 0.03; Cl 0.02, 0.08), distance to dumpsite (AOR 0.45; Cl 0.20, 0.99), were all significant predictors of waste management practice. Cholera which is a hygiene related disease was three times more likely to determine households’ waste management practice (AOR 3.22; Cl 1.33, 7.84).ConclusionConsidering the low waste management practice among households, there is the need for improved policy and enhanced education on proper waste management practice among households.

Comparative Study of Nirmalya Solid Waste Treatment by Vermicomposting and Artificial Aeration Composting

Temple waste normally contains floral offering, leaves and milk product i.e. “Abishek waste water”, and this solid waste management is one of the important issues in the world, because of shortage ofdumping sites and strict environmental legislation. Now days ‘Nirmalyasolid waste’ is generated in large quantity due toincreased in population are commonly treated using different types of bins by the method of composting or vermicomposting. Vermicomposting of solid waste can be done by using different types of earthworms providing natural and artificial aeration along with mixture of cow dung and soil, artificial aeration is carried out by providing diffused aerators or perforated pipes. The parameters like C/N ratio, temperature, moisture contain are carried out. The main objective of this study is to minimize the problem of solid waste management by treating nirmalya solid waste by vermicomposting and suggesting that which method gives good quality of compost at short interval of time comparing artificial and natural aeration composting.

The impact of an efficient collection sites location on the zoning phase in municipal solid waste management

In this paper, we study two decisional problems arising when planning the collection of solid waste, namely the location of collection sites (together with bin allocation) and the zoning of the service territory, and we assess the potential impact that an efficient location has on the subsequent zoning phase. We first propose both an exact and a heuristic approach to locate the unsorted waste collection bins in a residential town, and to decide the capacities and characteristics of the bins to be located at each collection site. A peculiar aspect we consider is that of taking into account the compatibility between the different types of bins when allocating them to collection areas. Moreover, we propose a fast and effective heuristic approach to identify homogeneous zones that can be served by a single collection vehicle. Computational results on data related to a real-life instance show that an efficient location is fundamental in achieving consistent monetary savings, as well as a reduced environmental impact. These reductions are the result of one vehicle less needed to perform the waste collection operations, and an overall traveled distance reduced by about 25% on the average.

Online bin packing with (1,1) and (2, $$R$$ R ) bins

We study a variant of online bin packing problem, in which there are two types of bins: $$(1,1)$$(1,1) and $$(2,R)$$(2,R), i.e., unit size bin with cost 1 and size 2 bin with cost $$R > 1$$R>1, the objective is to minimize the total cost occurred when all the items are packed into the two types of bins. When $$R > 3$$R>3, the offline version of this problem is equivalent to the classical bin packing problem. In this paper, we focus on the case $$ R \le 3$$R≤3, and propose online algorithms and obtain lower bounds for the problem.

Progressive vector compression for high-accuracy vector map data

With the increase in the number of applications using digital vector maps and the development of surveying techniques, a large volume of GIS (geographic information system) vector maps having high accuracy and precision is being produced. However, to achieve their effective transmission while preserving their high positional quality, these large amounts of vector map data need to be compressed. This paper presents a compression method based on a bin space partitioning data structure, which preserves a high-level accuracy and exact precision of spatial data. To achieve this, the proposed method a priori divides a map into rectangular local regions and classifies the bits of each object in the local regions to three types of bins, defined as category bin (CB), direction bin (DB), and accuracy bin (AB). Then, it encodes objects progressively using the properties of the classified bins, such as adjacency and orientation, to obtain the optimum compression ratio. Experimental results verify that our method can encode vector map data constituting less than 20% of the original map data at a 1-cm accuracy degree and that constituting less than 9% at a 1-m accuracy degree. In addition, its compression efficiency is greater than that of previous methods, whereas its complexity is lower for close to real-time applications.

Lower bounds for three-dimensional multiple-bin-size bin packing problems

The three-dimensional multiple-bin-size bin packing problem (MBSBPP) is the problem of packing a set of boxes into a set of bins when several types of bins of different sizes and costs are available and the objective is to minimize the total cost of the bins used for packing the boxes. We present a study of lower bounds for this packing problem. We have developed new bounds based on integer programming formulations of some relaxations of the original problem. These formulations are enhanced with logical considerations. The proposed bounds are compared with other existing bounds in an extensive computational study, including two- and three-dimensional instances with up to 100 boxes, some of them taken from the literature and others adapted from the classical Bin Packing Problem. The proposed bounds improve the results of previous bounds by more than 10%, though at a higher computational cost.