Types Of Terminals Research Articles

First-principles study on TiC/TiN heterogeneous nucleation interface in high-titanium steel

A systematic study using the first-principles method was conducted to investigate the interface relationship between TiC and TiN in high-titanium steel, where TiC nucleates and grows with TiN as the core. The results showed that the energy of the (111) surface depends on the type of terminal atoms, with the Ti-terminated surface exhibiting lower surface energy than the C(N)-terminated surface. In contrast, the energy of (100) and (110) surfaces was independent of the terminal atom type. The order of surface energy determined to be (111)-Ti<(100)<(110)<(111)-C(N), the work function exhibits the same trend, while the stability is exactly the opposite. Among all interface structures, the interface structure with Ti-C terminal atomic combination was identified as the most stable, which can be attributed to the formation of covalent, ionic, and metallic bonds at the interface. The bonding strength primarily arises from the hybridization between Ti-d orbitals and C(N)-p orbitals. Within the (111) interface structures, metallic bonds were formed in the interface structure with the Ti-Ti terminal atomic combination, leading to the lowest interface energy and making it thermodynamically the most stable. Consequently, TiC is capable of heterogeneously nucleating on TiN, with the preferred nucleation surface of TiN following the order of (111)>(100)>(110).

Automating the manufacturing process of control cables for the automotive components industry

AbstractThe automotive industry is of great importance to the global economy for all the jobs it generates, the materials it exploits, or the technical and technological development it drives. The control cables provide essential functions for any car, such as the opening of doors and windows, or activating the handbrake and accelerator. The process of assembling control cables involves numerous steps and the manufacture of various components, e.g., the spiral, inner and outer coating, spiral terminal, and terminals. This work deals with the injection process of control cable terminals. There is a need to separate the injection set into its constituent parts, namely the terminals and the feeding system (gate), which is carried out manually, potentially leading to health problems, e.g., tendonitis. This paper presents the development of an automated pneumatic system for the separation of control cable terminals from the feeding system. The novel pneumatic system addresses a significant gap in the automation of Zamak terminal injection by handling seven different terminal types under strict spatial limitations. The automated solution resulted in a 39% reduction in production time, enhancing the process efficiency. Moreover, by adopting the Design Science Research (DSR) methodology, the work contributes not only to industrial practice but also to the theoretical understanding of the process. This approach to automating a repetitive and ergonomically challenging task represents a step forward in the field of manufacturing technology that can be extended to other fabrication processes, leading to process improvements and competitiveness.

Environment-dependent tribochemical reaction and wear mechanisms of Diamond-like carbon: A reactive molecular dynamics study

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) is widely utilized in various fields as a promising solid lubricating material. However, the lubricity and wear behaviors of DLC are highly sensitive to the environment, and the relevant mechanisms are hidden by complex tribochemical reactions at the friction interface. In this study, we performed reactive molecular dynamics (RMD) simulations of DLC to clarify the wear mechanisms in various environments (vacuum, water, and oxygen environments). Two types of tribochemical reaction-induced wear were observed: chemical wear induced by the triboemission of CxHy and CxHyOz compounds and mechanical wear induced by the formation of interfacial C–C bonds. Moreover, the results revealed that the environment affects the tribological behavior of DLC primarily through its impact on the surface chemical state, that is, the quantity and type of surface terminations. In terms of the number of surface terminations, the more surface terminations there are, the more chemical wear and less mechanical wear they cause. In particular, oxygen-containing terminations (e.g., C–OH and C=O) are more resistant than H terminations to interfacial bond formation and mechanical wear. The present work provides important insights into the wear mechanisms of DLC, aiding in the reduction of DLC wear by controlling the environment.

Formation of a transport hub with an air terminal of international and public airlines under adverse conditions of Irkutsk

The study is aimed at exploring the possibility of building a new airport in Irkutsk as part of a major transport hub on the territory equidistant from the cities of Irkutsk, Angarsk and Shelekhov, close to the East Siberian Railway, R255 Siberia Federal Highway and the bypass road of Irkutsk. This problem requires evaluating the advantages of locating a new airport on the proposed site compared to the location of the existing airport within the city. The analytical and theoretical studies of the transport hub and types of air terminals proved the formation of the airport as part of a transport hub with a railway station and a bus station to be the most appropriate solution for the development of the city. A comparative analysis of time necessary to get to the new air terminal and to the old one showed that passengers would save time if the airport is placed the outside the city due to its easy access for residents of three cities. The conducted analysis of current trends in the development of the transport interchange hub formed the basis for recommendations on the choice of a hub type appropriate for the conditions of the city. The proposed hub will increase passenger traffic, areas for servicing passengers and aircraft, and the length of runways. Placing the airport as part of a transport hub on a free territory between three large cities and modernization will ensure a high level of quality of flights and passenger service, increase the quality of life of citizens, and significantly improve the ecology of the city.

SPECIAL LEGAL CAPACITY OF LAWYERS: LAWYER, NOTARY AND EXECUTOR

The research object of this paper is the special legal capacity of lawyers, specifically, the special legal capacity for the performance of advocacy activities, regulated by the Law of Advocacy, the special legal capacity for providing notarial services, according to the Law on notaries, and the special legal capacity of the executors, according to the Law on Enforcement. Full legal capacity is the abstract possibility of physical and legal persons to be the provider of rights and obligations. All physical persons have full legal capacity, however, some physical persons, because they fulfill special properties, acquire special legal capacity. The research in this paper has two mail purposes. The first intention is to analyze two assumptions necessary for achieving the special legal skills: 1. professional technical conditions requirements that must be completed by the natural person to operate the professional activities and 2. providing the authorization by the government. The second goal is to show the specifics of the three types of professional activities, notion, acquire, cease and termination. The project will analyze more closely the termination of the special legal capacity because of the loss of one from the two-expectations necessary for its acquisition (obtaining a lawyer's license, terminating the notary or the executor).

Division and spin-off as legal forms of disaggregation of economic organizations

The article highlights the issues of division and spin-off as legal forms of disaggregation of economic organisations, provides legal regulation of these forms in Ukraine, the EU, foreign countries (Germany, Poland) and the relevant analysis of court practice. The author identifies the general (common) features of division and spin-off of economic organisations according to the following criteria: subject composition, purpose, legal form of disaggregation, basis for legal relations; documentation of property transfer, rights and obligations; universal legal succession; and subsidiary liability. The author distinguishes special (distinctive) features of division and spin-off of economic entities according to the following criteria: legal result; legal consequences; and the moment of procedure completion. It is substantiated that it is advisable to regulate the basic concepts and essential characteristics of disaggregation of economic organisations by means of division and spin-off in the Commercial Code of Ukraine or, in the future, in the Economic Code of Ukraine. In this regard, the author provides the wording of the relevant definitions of division and spin-off, which is proposed to be enshrined in parts 4 and 5 of Article 59¹ ‘Termination of an Economic Organization by Reorganisation’. It is found that the analysis of court practice regarding the essence of reorganisation in the form of spin-off shows a difference in approaches, which are fundamentally opposite in nature, when: (1) spin-off is not recognised as a type of termination or reorganisation of a legal entity; (2) spin-off is defined as a form of reorganisation of a legal entity. The author proves that such ambiguity of court practice affects the consideration of a case on the merits, in particular, when changing the subject composition in land lease agreements in the event of a lessee's reorganisation by way of spin-off. The author proposes, taking into account the legislation of foreign countries (Germany and Poland) and EU law, to introduce the following legal forms and constructions into the current legislation of Ukraine: (1) ‘division by acquisition’ (simultaneous use of the forms of division and accession), (2) ‘spin-off by acquisition’ (simultaneous use of the forms of spin-off and accession); (3) ‘separation’ (for JSC, LLC, ALC) - by the formation of a new company and by acquisition.

Delineating aquitard characteristics within a Silurian dolostone aquifer using high-density hydraulic head and fracture datasets

Fractured aquifers are heterogeneous due to the variable frequency, orientation, and intersections of rock discontinuities. A ~100-m-thick Silurian dolostone sequence provides a bedrock aquifer supplying the city of Guelph, Canada. Here, fracture network characteristics and associated influences on hydraulic head were examined using several data types obtained from 24 cored holes in a study that is novel for the quantity and quality of data. High (50–90°) angle joint orientations, heights, and terminations relative to bedding features were determined from acoustic televiewer logs and outcrop scanlines. These data were compared to high-resolution hydraulic head profiles showing head loss over depth-discrete intervals identifying zones with lower vertical hydraulic conductivity. This study reveals that the marl-rich Vinemount Member, traditionally considered the principal aquitard, corresponds to head loss in only 62% of the 24 boreholes. The vertical position of head loss varies across the 90-km2 study area and occurs in any of the lithostratigraphic units of the Lockport Group. Within this sedimentary sequence, aquitards are laterally discontinuous or “patchy” at variable depths and relate to: (1) the frequency of the high-angle joints; (2) shorter joint height; and (3) the type of joint terminations. The head loss occurs in thin (2–2.5 m) intervals where the frequency of the high-angle joints is low. Where a large proportion of small joints cross-cut marl bedding planes, head loss is negligible, suggesting that the vertical hydraulic conductivity is not reduced. Overall, these findings are potentially applicable to assessing aquitard and cap rock integrity in carbonate sedimentary sequences worldwide.

Fetal and neonatal post-mortem imaging referral template: recommendations from the European Society of Paediatric Radiology Post-mortem Task Force.

In post-mortem (PM) fetal and neonatal imaging, relevant clinical information is crucial for accurate interpretation and diagnosis; however, it is usually incomplete. To propose a standardized template for PM fetal and neonatal imaging referrals to enhance communication between referring clinicians and reporting radiologists. A modified Delphi approach was conducted amongst members of the European Society of Paediatric Radiology (ESPR) PM Task Force and other recommended PM imaging specialists worldwide to determine consensus on necessary information. These were based on three pre-existing referral templates already in use across a variety of centers. The study ran for 4months (December 2023-April 2024). Nineteen specialists from 17 centers worldwide formed our expert panel. The final agreed referral template information includes the patient's identification details (mother and fetus when available), fetal/neonatal information (gestational age, sex, type of demise (including type of termination of pregnancy (i.e., surgical or medical)), date and time of fetal demise (+ delivery) or neonatal death, singleton/multiple pregnancy, clinical information (obstetrical history, prenatal imaging findings, amniocentesis findings, physical external examination findings), provisional clinical diagnosis, and ordering physician's information. A comprehensive referral template has been created, representing expert consensus on the minimum data required for the conduct of quality PM fetal and neonatal imaging, with the goal of facilitating accuracy of image interpretation.

Malocclusion in deciduous dentition: a cross-sectional study in a Portuguese preschool population

PurposeTo determine the prevalence of malocclusion in Portuguese preschool children, to characterise occlusion in the deciduous dentition, and to study the relationship between malocclusion, sex, and age.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 3–6 years old children, from 25 randomly selected kindergartens from the Lisbon district. Data were collected through an oral examination. Malocclusion was defined as the presence of any type of occlusion anomaly (anterior crossbite, edge-to-edge, increased overjet, open bite, deep overbite, posterior crossbite, scissor bite), spacing anomaly (crowding), or dentition anomaly (supernumerary teeth, agenesis, malformations). Canine class, terminal plane of the deciduous second molars and type of Baume arch were also recorded. Statistical analysis included descriptive and chi-squared test (α = 0.05).ResultsThe sample included 426 children with a global prevalence of malocclusion of 60.6%. Occlusion anomalies were the most prevalent (59.2%), the most frequent being deep overbite (27%), increased overjet (22.1%) and posterior crossbite (14.1%). Crowding had a prevalence of 1.6% and agenesis of 1.4%. Class I canine (57.3%), straight second molar terminal plane (60.1%) and type I Baume arch (53.3%) were the most common. The mean overjet was 2.6 mm (sd = 2.1) and the mean overbite was 2.2 mm (sd = 2.1). Age was associated with the presence of occlusion anomalies (p = 0.03), and increased overjet prevalence was found to be higher in girls (p = 0.03).ConclusionsThe prevalence of malocclusion was high, with occlusion anomalies being the most prevalent. It is important to identify modifiable risk factors associated with malocclusion to prevent this condition in both the deciduous and permanent dentitions.

Effects of Concentration and Surface Termination on the Workfunction of Ti3C2X2 MXene (X=F,Cl,O,OH)

Titanium carbide (Ti3C2), belonging to the MXene family, has become a focal point of research due to its exceptional electronic and structural properties. As a two-dimensional transition metal carbide, Ti3C2 exhibits promising potential in a variety of applications, ranging from electronic devices to energy storage. Among the key parameters influencing its electronic behavior, the work function plays a pivotal role. This study aims to elucidate the intricate relationship between concentration, surface termination, and the work function of Ti3C2X2 through first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations. First-principles DFT calculations were employed to investigate the electronic structure of Ti3C2X2, focusing on the influence of varying concentrations of surface functional groups. Hydroxyl (-OH), oxygen (-O), chlorine (-Cl), and fluoride (-F) terminations were specifically chosen as representative functional groups for their prevalence in experimental studies and potential technological applications. These calculations provide a quantum-level understanding of the electronic properties and behaviors of Ti3C2 under different surface conditions. Our results indicate a notable sensitivity of the work function of Ti3C2 to changes in both concentration and the type of surface termination. The presence of functional groups induces charge redistribution within the MXene layers, significantly impacting the overall electronic landscape. The variation in charge distribution directly correlates with changes in the work function, illustrating the dynamic nature of Ti3C2 in response to surface modifications. Furthermore, an in-depth analysis of the correlation between concentration, surface termination, and the energetics of charge transfer at the Ti3C2 surface provides valuable insights. The interplay between these factors reveals intricate mechanisms that govern the observed variations in the work function. The concentration-dependent charge transfer at the surface serves as a key determinant, emphasizing the importance of carefully tailoring the composition to achieve desired electronic properties. The understanding gained from this study has significant implications for the tailored design and utilization of Ti3C2 in various technological applications. By manipulating concentration and surface termination, researchers and engineers can fine-tune the work function to meet specific requirements in electronic devices, sensors, and energy storage systems. This level of control over electronic properties enhances the versatility and applicability of Ti3C2 in emerging technologies. In conclusion, our investigation highlights the critical roles of concentration and surface termination in modulating the work function of Ti3C2. The pronounced sensitivity of this parameter to surface modifications underscores the need for a comprehensive understanding of the underlying electronic mechanisms. By elucidating the interplay between concentration, surface termination, and charge transfer, this study provides valuable insights that pave the way for the strategic design and implementation of Ti3C2 in advanced technological applications. The ability to fine-tune electronic properties opens new avenues for exploiting the full potential of Ti3C2 in diverse fields, driving innovation and progress in materials science and technology.

Multiplexed volumetric CLEM enabled by scFvs provides insights into the cytology of cerebellar cortex

Mapping neuronal networks is a central focus in neuroscience. While volume electron microscopy (vEM) can reveal the fine structure of neuronal networks (connectomics), it does not provide molecular information to identify cell types or functions. We developed an approach that uses fluorescent single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) to perform multiplexed detergent-free immunolabeling and volumetric-correlated-light-and-electron-microscopy on the same sample. We generated eight fluorescent scFvs targeting brain markers. Six fluorescent probes were imaged in the cerebellum of a female mouse, using confocal microscopy with spectral unmixing, followed by vEM of the same sample. The results provide excellent ultrastructure superimposed with multiple fluorescence channels. Using this approach, we documented a poorly described cell type, two types of mossy fiber terminals, and the subcellular localization of one type of ion channel. Because scFvs can be derived from existing monoclonal antibodies, hundreds of such probes can be generated to enable molecular overlays for connectomic studies.

Study on the effect of room temperature/low temperature environment on the electrical contact plug/pulling wear performance of different copper-based coated conductive connection terminals

This paper explores the wear and tribology performance of three types of terminals, each coated with a different metallic surface (gold, silver, tin), in an environment of fluctuating temperatures. As integral elements of electronic connectors, these terminals are essential for maintaining stable contact resistance, which is crucial to the safety of the entire electrical system. The study reveals that the friction coefficients of the coated terminals are lower at low temperatures compared to ambient temperature. Furthermore, the cooler conditions help maintain more consistent contact resistance. Specifically, the terminals with gold coating mainly experience adhesive and abrasive wear during initial low plug/pull tests, with adhesive wear becoming more dominant in later stages. In contrast, terminals with silver coating primarily suffer from abrasive wear, while those coated with tin tend to show predominantly adhesive wear during initial plug/pull cycles.

Thiol/Disulfide Homeostasis: A New Oxidative Marker in Heart Failure Patients with Preserved Ejection Fraction.

It is suggested that myocardial dysfunction in heart failure patients may result from increased oxidative stress-related membrane changes. Thiol/disulfide homeostasis is a new oxidative stress indicator. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum thiol levels and thiol/disulfide homeostasis in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Eighty-four overweight patients who applied to our clinic between November 2016 and February 2018 and diagnosed with hypertension and left ventricule concentric hypertrophy with normal systolic function are included in the study. Forty-two patients who were asymptomatic and had normal N terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels (≤125) were in the control group. Forty-two patients who have cardiac failure symptoms and have high NT-roBNP levels (>125) were in the patient group. Native thiol, total thiol, and disulfide values of the patient group are found to be significantly lower than the control group (P =.001; P <.001; P =.041 respectively). There is a statictically significant negative correlation between native thiol, total thiol values, and NT-proBNP. There is a statictically significant negative correlation between native thiol, total thiol values, and carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA-125) values. As far as we know from literature, this is the first study on HFpEF and thiol/disulfide homeostasis. It is found that native, total thiol, and disulfide values are low in HFpEF patients and that there is a negative correlation between native, total thiol values and NT-proBNP, CA-125 values. It can be said that oxidant/antioxidant balance is impaired in patients with HFpEF and that larger, randomized studies are needed in order to use oxidant/antioxidant balance in diagnosis and treatment of HFpEF.

Morfometrik Ikan Bileh (Rasbora sp.) dari Perairan Ie Sayang Kabupaten Aceh Barat

Bileh fish (Rasbora sp.) is a fish that lives in freshwater and can be found in the waters of Ie Sayang West Woyla West Aceh District. Excessive exploration has caused the population of bileh fish in nature to decrease and be limited. The first step that needs to be done in aquatic resource management is to identify the type of bileh fish to adopt its cultivation techniques. Fish identification can be done morphologically or molecularly. Morphological identification refers to morphometric studies. This study aims to identify bileh fish species from Ie Sayang waters based on morphometric characteristics. The bileh fish was obtained from community catches in September-November 2023. Morphological identification was done by visualizing and measuring morphometric characters. Data were analyzed descriptively, and the relationship between morphometric characters was analyzed by linear regression. The morphology of bileh fish has a fusiform body shape, terminal mouth type, forked caudal fin, and linea lateralis visible from the operculum to the caudal part. Total length (TL) ranged from 36.94-65.78 mm and standard length (SL) 29.01-52.49 mm. The length-weight correlation of allometric fish was negative. TL characters were closely correlated with SL, HL, DFD, ED, CPD, and VFL.

A method for setting room temperature of district heating in northern China based on local thermal comfort

Currently, the district heating system in northern China primarily employs two types of terminals, namely radiators and radiant floors. The heating design temperature is set for the center of the room without considering local thermal comfort for individuals. As the real thermal environment within buildings is non-uniform, variations in thermal sensation across different parts of the body will affect whole-body thermal comfort. Therefore, it is crucial to prioritize local thermal comfort when setting room temperatures for heating purposes. In this study, we analyzed the data from the chamber experiments and Chinese Thermal Comfort Database, focusing on the district heating environments of residences, office buildings, and university classrooms in severe cold and cold zones. We developed a thermal sensation evaluation model for analyzing the most uncomfortable body part, investigated the lower limit of acceptable air temperature for this specific body part and inferred appropriate setpoint based on both this limit and head-ankle temperature difference. The results indicate that ankles are the most uncomfortable part with an estimated lower limit of acceptable air temperature at approximately 18 °C. Consequently, we recommend setting room temperatures of 20 °C for radiator heating (RH) and 19 °C for floor heating (FH) to ensure ankle thermal comfort. The findings of this study can provide theoretical basis for reasonable settings of heating room temperature for the aforementioned three types of buildings in northern China, thereby further achieving energy conservation.

Arterial vascularization of the mandible and soft tissues. Anatomic study.

The literature has for too long described the arterial supply of the mandible as coming from a single artery, the inferior alveolar artery, and being of the terminal type. Rather, it appears to come from an extensive and complex arterial network dependent on the lingual, facial, and maxillary arteries and their collateral branches. Our study aims to confirm and demonstrate the arterial vascular richness of the mandible and to establish arterial mapping. The arterial vascularization of the mandible was revealed in six anatomic specimens after performing selective injections of the lingual, facial, and maxillary arteries with different dyes. A specimen was injected intra-arterially with colored latex at the level of the maxillary artery for a morphometric study. Eighteen selective arterial injections were performed on six anatomic specimens. The mucocutaneous, musculoperiosteal, and intramedullary vascularizations were analyzed. Each of the arteries has a defined and delimited cutaneo-mucous vascular territory. The facial and maxillary arteries supply the musculoperiosteal vascularization of the mandible from the condyle to the symphysis. The lingual artery supplies only the inner cortex of the parasymphyseal and symphyseal regions. The facial and maxillary arteries provide intramedullary vascularization from the angle of the mandible to the parasymphysis. The vascularization of the symphysis depends on the facial artery. No staining was found in the condyle region. Neoprene latex injection was performed on an anatomic specimen, revealing a permeable anastomosis between the inferior alveolar and facial arteries. The arterial vascularization of the mandible is dependent on the maxillary, facial, and lingual arteries. This is a network vasculature. This study makes it possible to establish an arterial map of the mandible. The presence of an anastomosis between the inferior alveolar artery and the facial artery confirms the existence of dynamic and borrowed vascularization. Knowledge of this arterial system makes it possible to adapt maxillofacial surgical care and to anticipate possible intraoperative complications.

A dynamic in vitro model of Down syndrome neurogenesis with trisomy 21 gene dosage correction.

Excess gene dosage from chromosome 21 (chr21) causes Down syndrome (DS), spanning developmental and acute phenotypes in terminal cell types. Which phenotypes remain amenable to intervention after development is unknown. To address this question in a model of DS neurogenesis, we derived trisomy 21 (T21) human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) alongside, otherwise, isogenic euploid controls from mosaic DS fibroblasts and equipped one chr21 copy with an inducible XIST transgene. Monoallelic chr21 silencing by XIST is near-complete and irreversible in iPSCs. Differential expression reveals that T21 neural lineages and iPSCs share suppressed translation and mitochondrial pathways and activate cellular stress responses. When XIST is induced before the neural progenitor stage, T21 dosage correction suppresses a pronounced skew toward astrogenesis in neural differentiation. Because our transgene remains inducible in postmitotic T21 neurons and astrocytes, we demonstrate that XIST efficiently represses genes even after terminal differentiation, which will empower exploration of cell type-specific T21 phenotypes that remain responsive to chr21 dosage.

Web-based bus vehicle recapitulation information system at type A terminal Kiliran Jao Sijunjung district

The kiliran jao bus terminal in sijunjung district is a type A terminal located at the land transportation management center (BPTD) region III province managed by west sumatera.in the field of land transportation. In the procces off data processing at the type A terminal ,kiliran jao still experiences several obtacles in recapping vechiles (between,districs,,cities,provinces) that arrive or will depart. The data collection methods used in the research that has been done therefore a data recapitulation information system is needed that can be done practically and efficiently so that tht data can be neatly arranged and wil make it easier to search again when needed.to solve this problem, the authors decided to design and build a bus vechile recapitulation information system that can facilitate the ministry of transportation officers for the type a terminal kiliran jao based on web,PHP and MySQL.database to facilitate the service of the recapitulation information system or backup data if at anytime needed at the terminal type A kiliran jao sijunjung regency. This system or application can carry out its functions properly based on the results of black box testing showing the application functions are running well on the button functions and others that have been adjusted to the UML design all run properly and according to the desingn.

The effect of photodissociation of confined water on photoemission behaviors of monolayer MoS2

The effects of confined water on the photoluminescence of 2D MoS2 depending on the type of isotope, substrate, and surface termination were investigated. The monolayer MoS2 film showed quenched photoluminescence intensity when exposed to water, whereas it was not observed upon exposure to heavy water. This result is attributed to the overtone vibrational energy transfer between 2D MoS2 and water. Furthermore, the investigation of the photoluminescence in 2D MoS2 depending on the surface characteristics indicated that it can be controlled by the adsorbed water on the substrate. Real-time photoluminescence measurements revealed that the two types of adsorbed water affected the variation in the optical properties and that the orientation of the adsorbed water was also significant for reverting to the intrinsic 2D MoS2 by catalytic photodissociation process through exciton-to-vibronic transfer, facilitated in a confined space. Our results indicate that the substrate surface is crucial for controlling the adsorbed water formed during wet-transfer process. Therefore, this study is effective for applications that utilize large-scale two-dimensional materials.

165 Predicting Success: A Mixed Model of KL2 Trainee Profiles and Outcomes

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Penn State CTSI supports KL2 career development awards for faculty seeking to become leaders in clinical and translational research. CTSAs can benefit from a better understanding of KL2 applicant profiles and trainee outcomes. Predictive modeling of KL2 records provides insights into institutional processes and continuous improvement goals. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Collecting KL2 application records at Penn State CTSI from 2017 to 2023, comprising both accepted and not accepted candidate profiles, this study used a generalized logistic mixed model with binomial distribution to understand the factors predictive of KL2 trainee acceptance, (n=47). The following factors were modeled as potentially predictive of scholars’ acceptance: Institution-specific Processes—Campus; Terminal Degree Type; College of Residency, Applicant Demographics and Portfolio—Minoritized or Protected Groups; Mean Application Score; Rurality Focus; Gender, and Outcomes—Post-Program h-index. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Only Campus and Degree were significant factors predictive of trainee acceptance (r&lt;.0001), with a particular campus and the MD degree-designation both exerting selectional pressures on acceptance rates. Applicant demographics were not significant historical factors in selection despite the most recent trainee cohort comprised of all women. Similarly, while our CTSA focuses on rural inequality and accessibility, a research proposal focused on rurality was not a significant factor for acceptance. Notably, NIH-scaled application scores and post-program h-indices were not significant for accepted and non-accepted applicants. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: The absence of applicant-focused selectional pressure is striking—Penn State CTSI does not significantly select for gender, URM, or URP status. Administration is now empowered to intentionally engage, recruit, and retain from our other affiliated campuses and colleges.