Type Of Suffix Research Articles

ADJECTIVE SUFFIXES IN THE HATE U GIVE NOVEL: ITS FORMS AND QUANTITIES

: This study aims to classify and describe the types of suffixes used to form adjectives found in novel titled The Hate U Give, determine the meanings indicated by the process as well as the number of uses of adjective-forming suffixes in the novel. The data source of this study were taken from the novel. This study used descriptive qualitative method to analyze the data. The theory used in analyzing data is the derivational suffixes theory by Plag (2001). This theory explains the formation of words, especially the derivational suffixes forming adjectives. The second theory in analyzing data is the types of meanings indicated by the process of derivational suffixes forming adjectives by Leech (1974). The results showed that there are twelve types of suffixes that make up the adjectives used in the novel, they are; 'suffix-able', 'suffix-ful', 'suffix-ic', 'suffix-ish', 'suffix-ive', 'suffix-ous', 'suffix-ible', 'suffix-ing', 'suffix-less', 'suffix-y', 'suffix-ed', and 'suffix-ly'. The suffix function that makes up an adjective is to modify the meaning of the base word. The base word will undergo a class change of words to adjectives after the suffix ending is added. Based on the results of the study, 'suffix-y' is a type of suffix that forms the most commonly used adjectives.

Diminutive Forming Suffixes in Instructional German Books

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A comparative study of nominalisation in L1 and L2 writing and speech

Research by Van Rooy and Terblanche (2009) has shown that non-native students use nominalisations less than native speakers when writing. The frequency and use of nominalisations is examined across different spoken and written registers of black South African English corpora and first language corpora. The aim of the study is to explain the fairly similar frequency of nominalisations in second language and first language texts, as well as to examine possible functional differences between types of nominalisations, for example, abstract versus concrete. Differences regarding the type of suffix, the frequencies of suffixes in the corpora, mode and nativeness are examined. There seems to be a link between texts that are informationally dense (Biber, 1988) and nominalisations characterised by semantic complexity. Nominalisations with heavy semantic loadings will probably be more common in texts with an informational focus than in conversation. According to Biber et al. (1999: 322) nominalisations are typically associated with informationally dense texts, as opposed to greater involvement on the part of the reader and writer of a text. Biber et al. (1999: 322) also state that the relative difference between registers is much more visible for derived nouns than for nouns as a whole. However, studies done by Biber (1988) and Biber et al. (1999) only focus on four frequently used suffixes: -tion, -ment, -ness and -ity, all suffixes that are used to derive abstract nouns. The present study analyses a more elaborate list of nominalisations than Biber's 1988 study.

“‐Logos,” “‐Ismos,” and “‐Ikos”

How are names for new disciplinary fields coined? Here a new (and fun) way to look at the history of such coinages is proposed, focusing on how phonesthemic tints and taints figure in decisions to adopt one type of suffix rather than another. The most common suffixes used in such coinages (“‐logy,” “‐ics,” etc.) convey semantic and evaluative content quite unpredictable from literal (root) meanings alone. Pharmaceutical manufacturers have long grasped the point, but historians have paid little attention to how suffixes of one sort or another become productive. A romp through examples from English shows that certain suffixes have become “hard” or “soft” in consequence of the status of their most prominent carrier disciplines. The “‐ics” ending came to signify hardness in consequence of the prestige of physics, for example (with “‐metrics” as the arteriosclerosis of suffixes), while lower‐status (less “hard”) disciplines have developed alternate endings (such as “studies”). Some suffixes are eschewed for their perceived ideologic slant (the “‐isms,” for example). Historians of science need to think more about the pragmatics of language, a task made easier by information technologies and databases that allow searches for words by suffix and first known use.

The role of phonology in the inflection of Italian verbs

We investigated the performance of two connectionist neural networks with different architectures to explore the degree of learning in generating the past participle form of Italian verbs on the basis of phonological characteristics. The networks were trained to generate the past participle form of verbs from different inflected input forms. We examined the degree of learning relative to the type of inflection given as input, the type of suffix produced, the classification of each verb according to the thematic vowel, the regularity of the stem and of the suffix. The networks were able to learn both regular and irregular forms, but the effect of regularity depended on the distributional properties of the conjugation to which a verb belongs, and on information provided by the input.

The emergence of the trochaic foot in Hebrew hypocoristics

The paper provides an optimality-theoretic analysis of the prosodic structure and stress patterns in templatic and non-templatic hypocoristics in Hebrew. It is designed to illustrate the emergence of the trochaic foot, whose role elsewhere in the language is rather limited. The trochaic foot has been shown to determine the structure of templatic hypocoristics in various languages; this is also true in Hebrew. In addition, it plays a major role in Hebrew non-templatic hypocoristics, which on the surface look like simple constructions of base+suffix. The trochaic foot does not delimit the number of syllables in non-templatic hypocoristics, but it plays an important role in the stress system, where the position of stress is also sensitive to the input stress and the type of suffix.

Verb reading in developmental language impairment

This research addresses the issues of frequency and regularity in verb reading and their importance for the organization of the mental lexicon in DLI francophones. A reading task probes response latencies and response accuracy for DLI and control participants on frequent and infrequent inflected forms of verbs. DLI participants are slower at reading verbs even if their mean accuracy rates are higher than controls’. Results also indicate that the type of suffix on the verb affects controls and DLI participants differently in their accuracy rates: DLI participants exhibit higher error rates on less frequent inflections, while controls do not. Finally, unusual patterns are found for DLI participants on regular versus irregular verbs: regular verbs are slower to be read by DLI participants. These results are compared to findings from a previous simple lexical decision study. They are interpreted as indicating that DLI word reading patterns are qualitatively different from those evidenced by controls.

Lexical Representation and Processing of Morphologically Complex Words: Evidence from the Reading Performance of an Italian Agrammatic Patient

The study of patients with acquired language disorders has provided crucial evidence for contemporary theories on mental lexical representation. This is particularly true for the representation of morphologically complex words. In this paper we analyzed the performance of a patient (M.B.) affected by agrammatism and dyslexia. M.B. was required to read aloud simple and morphologically complex words. The patient's pattern of errors was interpreted as the result of a predominant use of the lexical routine (phonological dyslexia). Three reading tasks were developed which allowed us to test M.B.'s ability to read morphologically complex words (reading of regular and irregular plurals; reading of high- and low-frequency singular and plural nouns; reading of evaluative suffixes). Errors were determined by frequency effect rather than by type of suffix (i.e., inflectional or derivational). High-frequency morphologically complex items seemed to meet stored representations, thus avoiding the parsing procedures that are required for less frequent items. These results are in keeping with dual route models of lexical representation of morphologically complex words.

Tone-accent and prosodic domains in Wolaitta

In Wolaitta, an Omotic language spoken in the south-central pan of Ethiopia. simple phonological words are usually restricted to one high tone-accent per word. Nouns and adjectives have a similar tone-accent pattern, while verb roots differ from these in many respects. Morphology may alter the pattern in simple lexical forms in the sense that derivation and inflection may result in the presence of more than one high tone-accent in a word or, alternatively, in that they cause shift of the original tone accent. In nouns this depends on definiteness and the location of tone-accent in the citation form, while in verbs it is determined by the presence or absence of high tone-accent on the verb root and the type of suffix attached to it. High tone-accent marking in phrases can be predicted from the tone-accent pattern of the citation form of the modifier(s).

Effects of Difficulty Variables and Type of Suffix on Serial Recall

Two experiments compared the effects of suffixes on the forward and backward recall of sequences consisting of alphabetic characters. Sequences varied in confusability in both studies and in length in Experiment 2. Results suggest that some aspects of the suffix effect may represent the serial position effects of changes in task difficulty. Additionally, results with three different types of suffixes are inconsistent with the view that acoustic differences per se between sequences and suffixes are determinants of the size of suffix effects.

Some Phonetic Aspects of Breaking in West Frisian

Abstract Breaking in West Frisian is a process where falling diphthongs [iÉ™], [iÉ™], [uÉ™] and [oÉ™] are converted to the corresponding rising (broken) diphthongs [jr], [jε], [wo] and [wa] under the influence of a following syllable or consonant cluster. The length of various diphthongs in several pairs of morphologically related words was measured for ten speakers, and the duration of the broken or unbroken diphthong in the derived word was compared with that of the base word. We found that there was reduction in the length of the diphthong in all cases where another syllable was added. The degree of shortening depended on factors such as the phonetic environment, the nature of the diphthong and the type of suffix which was affixed. Several tentative conclusions were reached regarding the relationship of shortening and breaking and the historical development of the process.